20 research outputs found

    Outdoor Office Work - An Interactive Research Project Showing the Way Out

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    The physical boundaries of office work have become increasingly flexible. Work is conducted at multiple locations outside the office, such as at clients' premises, at home, in cafes, or when traveling. However, the boundary between indoor and outdoor environment seems to be strong and normative regarding how office work is performed. The aim of this study was to explore how office work may be conducted outdoors, understanding how it is being experienced by office employees and identifying its contextual preconditions. Based on a two-year interactive research project, the study was conducted together with a Swedish municipality. Fifty-eight participants engaged in the collaborative learning process, including 40 half-day workshops and reflective group discussions, co-interviews, and participants' independent experimentation of bringing work activities outdoors. Data was collected via interviews, group discussions and a custom-made mobile application. The results showed that a wide range of work activities could be done outdoors, both individually and in collaboration with others. Outdoor work activities were associated with many positive experiences by contributing to a sense of well-being, recovery, autonomy, enhanced cognition, better communication, and social relations, but also with feelings of guilt and illegitimacy. Conditions of importance for outdoor office work to happen and function well were found in the physical environment, where proximity to urban greenspaces stood out as important, but also in the sociocultural and organizational domains. Of crucial importance was managers' attitudes, as well as the overall organizational culture on this idea of bringing office work outdoors. To conclude, if working life is to benefit from outdoor office work, leaders, urban planners and policymakers need to collaborate and show the way out

    Quality culture at Nordic Universities

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    This study aimed to investigate common features and ways of understanding quality culture (QC) within higher education institutions (HEIs) in Nordic countries. While the concept of QC is commonly accepted and often used, its meaning is not always clear. This paper focuses on how Nordic universities frame QC in their internal documentation. The Nordic context was chosen due to the close cooperation on quality issues that characterise HEIs within the Nordic region. The discussion section of this paper outlines QC in relation to quality assurance (QA) among HEIs within the European and Nordic regions. Sixteen universities participated in the study by sharing documents describing their QCs. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and discussed from different perspectives, such as regarding how the universities use the concept of QC and how QC is created. Based on the results, a model was created that provides an overview of how QC emerges and how the concept is implemented in documentation. It is hoped that the results will both contribute useful input to the ongoing collaboration on quality issues among HEIs in the Nordic region and will also be useful in enhancing QC at universities in other regions.</p

    Defining the characteristics and expectations of fluid bolus therapy: a worldwide perspective

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    Purpose: The purpose of the study is to understand what clinicians believe defines fluid bolus therapy (FBT) and the expected response to such intervention. Methods: We asked intensive care specialists in 30 countries to participate in an electronic questionnaire of their practice, definition, and expectations of FBT. Results: We obtained 3138 responses. Despite much variation, more than 80% of respondents felt that more than 250 mL of either colloid or crystalloid fluid given over less than 30 minutes defined FBT, with crystalloids most acceptable. The most acceptable crystalloid and colloid for use as FBT were 0.9% saline and 4% albumin solution, respectively. Most respondents believed that one or more of the following physiological changes indicates a response to FBT: a mean arterial pressure increase greater than 10 mm Hg, a heart rate decrease greater than 10 beats per minute, an increase in urinary output by more than 10 mL/h, an increase in central venous oxygen saturation greater than 4%, or a lactate decrease greater than 1 mmol/L. Conclusions: Despite wide variability between individuals and countries, clear majority views emerged to describe practice, define FBT, and identify a response to it. Further investigation is now required to describe actual FBT practice and to identify the magnitude and duration of the physiological response to FBT and its relationship to patient-centered outcomes.Facultad de Ciencias MĂ©dica

    Byggnadsras orsakade av brand : En studie med inriktning pÄ hur konstruktioner pÄverkas av brand och hur rÀddningstjÀnsten hanterar de risker som följer med detta

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    Fires in buildings are dangerous in many ways, one big hazard is the risk of building collapse. This is a hazard both to occupants in the building and to the fire service, who might have to enter the building for their firefighting. The consequences of a building collapse can become severe, both in terms of damage to the building and in terms of injuries to people. Despite this, there are few methods to determine how stable a construction is, when exposed to stress from a fire. This thesis has tried to find connections between occurred events where buildings have collapsed, both by a literature study and by looking into some occurred collapses. This has been done by analysing some specific events more deeply, to find out what went wrong in that specific case, and by looking into a broader base of occurred building collapses which has been presented as statistics. Finally contact with personnel from two different fire brigades was taken, to perform a questionnaire and collect information of how they work with the dangers in reality. All of these studies has shown that there are some connections between which buildings collapse more often than others, one example is that small houses collapse more frequently than residential buildings and that roofs is the part of the building which collapses most often. This is confirmed by some of the people from the fire brigades, who thinks it reflects their own experiences regarding building fires. Even though some connections like these can be shown, they can have several explanations as for example, there are many more small houses than residential buildings in Sweden which makes it natural to believe that they collapse more often. Still, some connections are clear and this information can be used to base further studies on and perhaps gain more knowledge to be able to make better judgements on whether a construction is stable or not

    "Myror i brallan" : Barn med koncentrationssvÄrigheter

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    Examensarbetet inriktar sig pÄ de elever som har svÄrt att koncentrera sig under lektionen och pÄ sÄ vis brister i sin koncentration. Arbetet omfattar inte de elever som har en diagnos, som t ex Damp och ADHD. Syftet Àr att undersöka hur man som pedagog ska bemöta elever med koncentrationssvÄrigheter pÄ bÀsta sÀtt, försöka förstÄ elevernas handlande, se eventuella skillnader mellan pojke/flicka och klarlÀgga orsaker till dessa svÄrigheter. HuvudfrÄgan Àr:Hur gör pedagogen för att förstÄ och bemöta elever med koncentrationssvÄrigheter pÄ ett bra sÀtt

    How do nursery school-teachers use aesthetics in their teaching of reading and writing?

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    BakgrundMĂ„nga författare och forskare anser att teori bör kombineras med praktik för att skapa intresse och motivation hos barn. En kombination av bildskapande och lĂ€s- och skrivundervisning gör att skriftsprĂ„ket utvecklas pĂ„ ett lekfullt sĂ€tt. Även pedagogerna mĂ„ste vara aktiva i barns lĂ€rande och veta vad bildskapandet gynnar för barnen. MĂ„nga författare Ă€r eniga om att bildskapande Ă€r en viktig del i barns utveckling och lĂ€rande. Den hĂ€r sortens skapande bör ocksĂ„ kombineras med annan undervisning för att fĂ„ ett djupare innehĂ„ll.SyfteSyftet med den hĂ€r studien Ă€r att undersöka och beskriva hur pedagoger anvĂ€nder sig av bildskapande som ett verktyg i sin lĂ€s- och skrivundervisning i förskoleklassMetodVi har valt ett hermeneutiskt förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt med en etnografisk kvalitativ forskningsansats. Studien gjordes i tvĂ„ olika skolor dĂ€r sammanlagt fem öppna riktade intervjuer genomfördes av pedagoger i förskoleklass. Det gjordes Ă€ven fyra observationer med hjĂ€lp av löpande protokoll med pedagogernas undervisning i fokus.ResultatOlika aktiviteter med bildskapande Ă€r en stor del av pedagogers vardag i förskoleklass. Vissa pedagoger i studien ansĂ„g att bildskapande gĂ„r att kombinera med lĂ€s- och skrivundervisning och anvĂ€nde en sĂ„dan kombination i sin undervisning. Andra pedagoger sĂ„g inte samma möjligheter, utan sĂ„g hellre en kombination med matematik. I samband med vĂ„ra observationer sĂ„g vi bĂ„de kombinationen bildskapande och lĂ€s- och skrivundervisning, men Ă€ven en mer renodlad lĂ€s- och skrivundervisning utan bildskapande.Program: LĂ€rarutbildninge

    Monetary Rewards and Framing of the Problem in Crowdsourcing : Effects on Participation

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    The purpose of this study is to explore if monetary reward negatively affects people’s willingness to participate in crowdsourcing projects and to see how the relationship between monetary rewards and the framing of the crowdsourcing problem affects participation in crowdsourcing contests. A two-phase data collection method is used to answer these questions; a survey to identify the people who had participated in crowdsourcing projects and a focus group with the suitable candidates to discuss the research questions further. According to our findings, framing a crowdsourcing project as a good cause is not a strong enough motivation to convince people to participate in a challenge. People usually look for a benefit (financial or personal) in a challenge when deciding to participate. On the other hand, offering a reward for a crowdsourcing contest that is held for a good cause increases people’s willingness to participate. Potential participants react differently to a reward that is larger than usual. While more experienced participants feel extra motivated by large rewards, those who have less experience in crowdsourcing projects are more likely to see the large reward as a threat, decreasing their chances of winning, thus, reducing their willingness to participate in those challenges.

    Barnbokens matematik : En studie i förskola och förskoleklass kring anvÀndandet av matematiken i en barnbok.

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    Syftet med vÄrt arbete har varit att inventera det matematiska innehÄllet i en barnbok och att undersöka hur nÄgra pedagoger ser pÄ detta innehÄll och hur de skulle kunna anvÀnda det i arbetet med att utveckla den matematiska medvetenheten i barngruppen. Den valda barnboken har ingen direkt koppling till Àmnet matematik, men för den matematiskt medvetna pedagogen blir matematiken synlig framförallt i illustrationerna men Àven i texten. Studien har genomförts som observationer och öppna intervjuer med fem pedagoger vilka Àr verksamma inom förskola och förskoleklass. Resultatet visar pÄ att det Àr stor skillnad mellan pedagogernas sÀtt att se pÄ matematiken i en barnbok. Den matematiskt medvetna pedagogen anvÀnde sig framförallt av illustrationerna genom att lyfta, förklara och anvÀnda olika matematiska begrepp, till exempel lÀgesbegrepp, i diskussioner med barnen. Detta till skillnad frÄn den matematiskt omedvetna pedagogen som endast lÀste boken rakt upp och ner. I undersökningen framkommer det att pedagogerna efterlyser mer utbildning för att kunna stimulera barnens matematiska lÀrand

    Ett verktyg i tiden. En studie om lÀrplattans funktion i förskolan

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    Sammanfattning Syftet med vÄr studie var att undersöka vad lÀrplattan kan ha för funktion i förskolans verksamhet samt hur pedagogernas digitala kompetens ser ut. För att fÄ insikt i detta formulerade vi följande frÄgestÀllningar. PÄ vilket sÀtt resonerar pedagogerna och förskolecheferna kring lÀrplattans möjligheter och begrÀnsningar, kring sin egen digitala kunskap? Hur resonerar förskolecheferna kring pedagogernas kompetens och utbildning? VÄr studie bygger pÄ kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra pedagoger och tvÄ förskolechefer som Àr involverade i arbetet med lÀrplattor. Tidigare forskning om lÀrplattan som ett digitalt verktyg ligger till grund för studien. Vi har analyserat vÄrt empiriska material med hjÀlp av begrepp frÄn det sociokulturella perspektivet, sÄsom artefakt, mediering och koordinationsprocessen. Studien har pÄvisat att pedagogerna anser att lÀrplattan Àr ett bra komplement och att den inte ersÀtter nÄgot annat i verksamheten. Pedagogerna uttrycker att lÀrplattan har mÄnga olika anvÀndningsomrÄden, sÄsom ett hjÀlpmedel för att möta barns olika behov, den frÀmjar barns sociala samspel och fungerar Àven som ett dokumentationsverktyg. De begrÀnsningar som framkom var brist pÄ tillgÀnglighet, tid och kompetens. Studien visade Àven att pedagogerna hade den tekniska kunskapen och efterfrÄgade mer inspiration kring hur lÀrplattan kan anvÀndas
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