A study protocol to evaluate the relationship between outdoor air pollution and pregnancy outcomes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study protocol is designed to assess the relationship between outdoor air pollution and low birth weight and preterm births outcomes performing a semi-ecological analysis. Semi-ecological design studies are widely used to assess effects of air pollution in humans. In this type of analysis, health outcomes and covariates are measured in individuals and exposure assignments are usually based on air quality monitor stations. Therefore, estimating individual exposures are one of the major challenges when investigating these relationships with a semi-ecologic design.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>Semi-ecologic study consisting of a retrospective cohort study with ecologic assignment of exposure is applied. Health outcomes and covariates are collected at Primary Health Care Center. Data from pregnant registry, clinical record and specific questionnaire administered orally to the mothers of children born in period 2007-2010 in Portuguese Alentejo Litoral region, are collected by the research team. Outdoor air pollution data are collected with a lichen diversity biomonitoring program, and individual pregnancy exposures are assessed with spatial geostatistical simulation, which provides the basis for uncertainty analysis of individual exposures. Awareness of outdoor air pollution uncertainty will improve validity of individual exposures assignments for further statistical analysis with multivariate regression models.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Exposure misclassification is an issue of concern in semi-ecological design. In this study, personal exposures are assigned to each pregnant using geocoded addresses data. A stochastic simulation method is applied to lichen diversity values index measured at biomonitoring survey locations, in order to assess spatial uncertainty of lichen diversity value index at each geocoded address. These methods assume a model for spatial autocorrelation of exposure and provide a distribution of exposures in each study location. We believe that variability of simulated exposure values at geocoded addresses will improve knowledge on variability of exposures, improving therefore validity of individual exposures to input in posterior statistical analysis.</p

Exodontia indicada de canino maxilar incluso: relato de caso

Introduction: The maxillary canine is a key tooth for aesthetics and occlusal function. These present after the third molars, the highest occurrence of dental impaction, mainly in the palatal region.Objective:The present manuscript aims to report a clinical case of extraction of an impacted upper left canine due to the impossibility of orthodontic traction.Case Report: Female patient, 15 years old, non-smoker, without systemic changes or history of allergies and undergoing orthodontic treatment, was referred from a private office to the dental clinic of a college in northern Brazil with the main complaint of the canine impacted upper left in the palatal region and after, the clinical diagnosis tomography the joint planning was the extraction of tooth 23. Soon the region was anesthetized and after analgesia confirmed an intrasulcular incision was made and then the mucoperiosteal flap was performed for the posterior flap divulsion and finally dislocation of the impacted and impacted tooth was performed with the appropriate levers, after extraction the flap was moved and simple sutures were made and as postoperative pain control was performed with peripheral action analgesic. Conclusion: As shown in this case report, the diagnosis of impacted canine is necessary with clinical and radiographic examination, and extraction is a viable treatment option.Introducción: El canino superior es un diente primordial para la estética y función oclusal. Después de los terceros molares, estos presentan la mayor incidencia de impactación dentaria, principalmente en la región palatina. Objetivo: Este manuscrito tiene como objetivo reportar un caso clínico de extracción de un canino superior izquierdo impactado por imposibilidad de tracción ortodóncica. Caso Clínico: Paciente del sexo femenino, 15 años, no fumadora, sin alteraciones sistémicas ni antecedentes de alergias y en tratamiento de ortodoncia, fue remitida de un consultorio privado a la clínica odontológica de una facultad del norte de Brasil con el principal motivo de consulta en la parte superior del canino. izquierda incluida e impactada en región palatina y luego del diagnóstico clínico tomográfico se procedió al planeamiento articular con extracción del diente 23. Luego se anestesió la región y luego de confirmar analgesia se realizó incisión intrasulcular y luego se realizó colgajo mucoperióstico para posterior divulgación de se realizó el colgajo y finalmente se realizó la luxación del diente impactado e impactado con las palancas adecuadas, luego de la extracción se desplazó el colgajo y se realizaron suturas simples y como postoperatorio se realizó control del dolor con analgésicos de acción periférica. Conclusión: Como se muestra en este reporte de caso, el diagnóstico de canino impactado es necesario con examen clínico y radiográfico, y la extracción es una opción de tratamiento viable.Introdução: O canino superior é um dente primordial para estética e função oclusal. Estes apresentam depois dos terceiros molares, a maior ocorrência de impactação dentária, principalmente na região palatina. Objetivo: O presente manuscrito tem comoobjetivo relatar um caso clínico de exodontia de um canino superior esquerdo incluso por impossibilidade de tracionamento ortodôntico. Relato de Caso: Paciente sexo feminino, 15 anos de idade, não fumante, sem alterações sistêmicas ou histórico de alergias e em tratamento ortodôntico, foi encaminhada de um consultório particular a clínica odontológica de uma faculdade do norte do Brasil com a queixa principal do canino superior esquerdo incluso e impactado na região palatina e após, o diagnóstico clínico tomográfico o planejamento conjunto foi a exodontia do dente 23. Logo a região foi anestesiada e após analgesia confirmada uma incisão intrasulcular foi feita e então realizou-se o retalho mucoperiosteal para a posterior divulsão do retalho e por fim foi realizada a luxação do dente incluso e impactado com as devidas alavancas, após a exodontia o retalho foi deslocado e foram feitas suturas simples e como pós operatório foi realizado um controle de dor com analgésico de ação periférica. Conclusão: Como mostrado neste relato de caso o diagnóstico de canino impactado faz-se necessário com o exame clínico e radiográfico, sendo a exodontia uma opção de tratamento viável

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Transversal escharotomies: a new surgical technique adjuvant in the treatment of chronic ulcers with non-arterial etiology in the lower limbs<A NAME="volta1"></A> Escarotomias transversais: uma nova opção cirúrgica adjuvante no tratamento de úlceras crônicas de etiologia não arterial em membros inferiores

PURPOSE: Propose a new and alternative surgical procedure in order to aid on treatments of chronic ulcers with non-arterial etiology in the lower limbs, especially those that reoccurs and accomplish of dermatosclerosis and skin contractures determining ankle and foot limits. METHODS: It describes a medical case regarding a female, 54 years old, with a pre-existing ulcer (sixteen years) on her left leg. Despite of conventional treatments such as curatives, compressive therapy and surgeries, the ulcer on her leg was not cured for three years. The skin dermatosclerosis on her foot and ankle limited her mobility tremendously. The surgery involved the debridement of the ulcers, local phlebectomies and the correction of her scar contraction by a transversal escharotomies. Conventional procedures were applied in pre and post-surgery. RESULTS: After twelve weeks, the ulcer was completely healed by second intention. Despite the odds, she regained sustainable mobility in her foot and ankle, allowing this patient to wear medical elastic socks. Reoccurrences of the ulcer did not occur during the two years post-surgery. CONCLUSION: The transversal escharotomies may favor the healing of non-arterial chronic ulcers in the lower limbs, impeding perpetual mechanisms of this sort. For example, the ankle and foot limitation determinates in secondary scars, skin contractures, dermatosclerosis that produce the failure in the muscular calf-pump with deterioration in the ascending venous propulsion.<br>OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma nova alternativa cirúrgica para auxiliar o tratamento de úlceras crônicas de etiologia não arterial em membros inferiores, especialmente aquelas com recidivas e complicadas por contraturas de pele, limitando movimentos do pé e tornozelo. MÉTODOS: Descrição de caso de uma paciente portadora de úlcera em perna esquerda com dezesseis anos de evolução, múltiplas recidivas, sem cicatrização há três anos apesar de curativos convencionais, terapias compressivas e cirurgias. As contraturas cicatriciais e a dermatoesclerose local limitavam a marcha pela redução da mobilidade do pé e tornozelo. A cirurgia realizada foi o debridamento tangencial da úlcera, flebectomias locais e a correção das contraturas de pele por meio das escarotomias transversais. Após a cirurgia foram mantidos os mesmos padrões de curativos e a terapia compressiva utilizada no pré-operatório. RESULTADOS: Houve cicatrização completa da úlcera, por segunda intenção, doze semanas após a cirurgia com ganho importante na amplitude dos movimentos do pé e tornozelo, permitindo normalização da marcha e adaptação ao uso de meias elásticas terapêuticas. Não houve recidiva em dois anos de acompanhamento pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: Esta técnica parece favorecer a cicatrização de úlceras crônicas de etiologia não arterial atuando em mecanismos perpetuadores do processo, como, por exemplo, a limitação da propulsão venosa pela musculatura da panturrilha determinada por contraturas cicatriciais e pela dermatoesclerose do pé e tornozelo

As leguminosas da Amazônia brasileira: lista prévia

Um levantamento das Leguminosas da Amazônia brasileira foi feito nos principais herbários da região (INPA, IAN e MG). Um total de 1241 espécies e 310 táxones infraespecíficos (subespécie, variedade e forma) e 146 gêneros foi registrado para as três subfamilias: Caesalpinioideae (48 gêneros, 475 espécies, 22 subespécies e 175 variedades); Mimosoideae (23 gêneros, 288 espécies 3 subespécies e 18 variedades); Papilionoideae (75 gêneros, 478 espécies, 2 subespécies, 84 variedades e 6 formas). As categorias taxonómicas encontradas e as ocorrências registradas nos Estados e Territórios da Amazônia brasileira, sào mostradas em tabelas e localizadas em um mapa geográfico da região.<br>It was done a survey of the Leguminosae which are represented on the principal Herbaria of Amazonia (INPA, IAN and MG). A total of 1241 species has been recorded including 310 infraspecific taxa (subspecies, variety and form) in 146 genera for the three subfamilies: Caesalpinioideae (48 gen., 475 spp. 22 subsp. and 175 var.); Mimosoideae (23 gen., 288 spp., 3 subsp. and 18 van); Papilionoideae (75 gen., 478 spp., 2 subsp., 84 var. and 6 f.). The taxonomic categories found and the ocurrences registered in the States and Territories of Brazilian Amazon are showed in tables and signalizes in a geographic map of region

Extranodal nasal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma: a rare oral presentation and FASN, CD44 and GLUT-1 Expression

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma is an aggressive malignant tumor with distinctive clinicopathological features, characterized by vascular invasion and destruction, prominent necrosis, cytotoxic lymphocyte phenotype and a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus. Here is reported an extranodal nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma case, involving the maxillary sinus, floor of the orbit, and interestingly extending to the oral cavity through the alveolar bone and buccal mucosa, preserving the palate, leading to a primary misdiagnosis of aggressive periodontal disease. Moreover, this work investigated for the first time the immunohistochemical expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) proteins in this neoplasia. FASN showed strong cytoplasmatic expression in the neoplastic cells, whereas GLUT-1 and CD44 were negative. These findings suggest that the expression of FASN and the loss of CD44 might be involved in the pathogenesis of the extranodal nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma, and that GLUT-1 may not participate in the survival adaptation of the tumor cells to the hypoxic environment. Further studies with larger series are required to confirm these initial results.O linfoma de células natural killers (NK)/T extranodal é um tumor maligno agressivo com características clinicopatológicas distintas, caracterizadas por invasão e destruição vasculares, necrose proeminente, fenótipo linfocítico citotóxico e uma forte associação com o vírus Epstein-Barr. Relatamos aqui um caso de linfoma de células NK/T nasal extranodal, envolvendo o seio maxilar, assoalho de órbita, e interessantemente estendendo-se para a cavidade oral através do osso alveolar e mucosa vestibular, preservando o palato, levando a um diagnóstico inicial equivocado de doença periodontal agressiva. Ainda, nós investigamos pela primeira vez a expressão imunoistoquímica das proteínas Fatty acid sinthase (FASN) e glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) nesta neoplasia. FASN revelou uma forte expressão citoplasmática nas células neoplásicas, enquanto GLUT-1 e CD44 foram negativas. Estes achados sugerem que a expressão de FASN e a perda de CD44 podem estar envolvidas na patogênese do linfoma de células NK/T nasal extranodal, e que GLUT-1 não deve participar da adaptação das células tumorais ao ambiente de hipóxia. Estudos adicionais com séries maiores são necessários para confirmar nossos resultados iniciais

Boletín oficial de la provincia de Cáceres: Número 149 - 1949 Julio 08

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