Neuronal deletion of GSK3beta increases microtubule speed in the growth cone and enhances axon regeneration via CRMP-2 and independently of MAP1B and CLASP2

BACKGROUND: In the adult central nervous system, axonal regeneration is abortive. Regulators of microtubule dynamics have emerged as attractive targets to promote axonal growth following injury as microtubule organization is pivotal for growth cone formation. In this study, we used conditioned neurons with high regenerative capacity to further dissect cytoskeletal mechanisms that might be involved in the gain of intrinsic axon growth capacity. RESULTS: Following a phospho-site broad signaling pathway screen, we found that in conditioned neurons with high regenerative capacity, decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity and increased microtubule growth speed in the growth cone were present. To investigate the importance of GSK3β regulation during axonal regeneration in vivo, we used three genetic mouse models with high, intermediate or no GSK3β activity in neurons. Following spinal cord injury, reduced GSK3β levels or complete neuronal deletion of GSK3β led to increased growth cone microtubule growth speed and promoted axon regeneration. While several microtubule-interacting proteins are GSK3β substrates, phospho-mimetic collapsin response mediator protein 2 (T/D-CRMP-2) was sufficient to decrease microtubule growth speed and neurite outgrowth of conditioned neurons and of GSK3β-depleted neurons, prevailing over the effect of decreased levels of phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) and through a mechanism unrelated to decreased levels of phosphorylated cytoplasmic linker associated protein 2 (CLASP2). In addition, phospho-resistant T/A-CRMP-2 counteracted the inhibitory myelin effect on neurite growth, further supporting the GSK3β-CRMP-2 relevance during axon regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that increased microtubule growth speed in the growth cone is present in conditions of increased axonal growth, and is achieved following inactivation of the GSK3β-CRMP-2 pathway, enhancing axon regeneration through the glial scar. In this context, our results support that a precise control of microtubule dynamics, specifically in the growth cone, is required to optimize axon regrowth

Caracterização do padrão de desenvolvimento de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais por meio das características morfogênicas e estruturais

An experiment was carried out with the objective to evaluate growth pattern of tropical forage grass under free growth by using morphogenetic and structural characteristics with the expectation of using this study for forage grass evaluation protocol. The experimental area was established with two cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Mombaca and Aruana), a hybrid cultivar of P. maximum Jacq. and P. Infestum BRA-7102 (Massai), two cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf (Marandu and Xaraes) and Molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora Beauv.) and jaragua grass (Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf.). The grasses were planted in 1.0-m² experimental units with 24 plants arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Growth pattern of the grasses was evaluated through mass development, tiller mortality, development stage and leaf longevity. Development patterns differed significantly among groups of grasses, indicating that the same available resources can be used in different manners by grasses from the same genus and/or species.Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o padrão de desenvolvimento de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais em crescimento livre por meio das características morfogênicas e estruturais, com expectativa de uso desse estudo no protocolo de avaliação de gramíneas forrageiras. A área experimental foi estabelecida com dois cultivares de Panicum maximum Jacq. (Mombaça e Aruana), um cultivar híbrido de P. maximum Jacq. e P. infestum BRA-7102 (Massai), dois cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf (Marandu e Xaraés) e com os capins gordura (Melinis minutiflora Beauv.) e jaraguá (Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf.). As gramíneas foram plantadas em unidades experimentais de 1,0 m² com 24 plantas arranjadas em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. O padrão de desenvolvimento das gramíneas foi avaliado por meio do desenvolvimento de massa, da mortalidade de perfilhos, do estádio de desenvolvimento e da longevidade foliar. Os padrões de desenvolvimento diferiram significativamente entre os grupos de gramíneas, e isso indica que os mesmos recursos disponíveis podem ser usados de maneira diferente por gramíneas de mesmo gênero e/ou espécie.CNPqFederal University of Vicosa - Departament of Animal Scienc

Staphylococcus saprophyticus Recovered from Humans, Food, and Recreational Waters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is an important agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young women, but information about this pathogen in human microbiota and in common environment is lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize S. saprophyticus isolates from genitoanal microbiota of 621 pregnant women, 10 minas cheese packs, and five beaches in Rio de Janeiro city and compare PFGE profiles of these isolates with five UTI PFGE clusters described in this city. We investigated 65 S. saprophyticus isolates from microbiota, 13 from minas cheese, and 30 from beaches and 32 UTI isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion, MIC by agar dilution, and PCR. Erythromycin-resistance genes erm(C), msr(A), msr(B), mph(C), and lin(A) were found in 93% of isolates. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance correlated with dfrG or dfrA genes. Three cefoxitin-resistant isolates carried the mecA gene. All isolates obtained from cheese were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents. Six of 10 pregnant women with >1 isolate had monoclonal colonization. Isolates from pregnant women shared 100% similarity with UTI PFGE cluster types A and E obtained almost 10 years previously, suggesting temporal persistence of S. saprophyticus. Antimicrobial resistance of beach isolates reflected the profiles of human isolates. Taken together, results indicate a shared source for human and environmental isolates

As línguas na educação para o desenvolvimento sutentável no 1º CEB

Mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino BásicoEste estudo, elaborado a partir de um projeto de intervenção com uma turma do 1.º CEB, teve como principais objetivos compreender o desenvolvimento da competência plurilingue através de uma Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (EDS), assim como analisar de que forma uma EDS desenvolve a SDLC (Sensibilização à Diversidade Linguística e Cultural). Desta forma, pretendemos dar resposta às seguintes questões de investigação: “Como desenvolver a Sensibilização à Diversidade Linguística através da dimensão ambiental do DS?” e “Qual o contributo de uma educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável para o desenvolvimento da competência plurilingue?”. Sendo este um estudo do tipo investigação-ação foram recolhidos dados através de notas de campo, das transcrições das vidogravações das sessões realizadas, de produções dos alunos e dos inquéritos por questionário inicial e final realizados à turma. Na análise de dados, a técnica privilegiada foi a análise de conteúdo. Assim, a análise de dados permitiu concluir que os alunos desenvolveram consciência do seu papel enquanto cidadãos, no que diz respeito à promoção e respeito pela diversidade linguistica, cultural e ambiental. Tudo isto fez com que tomassem consciência da importância do seu papel para a criação de um mundo melhor. Com este relatório podemos também concluir que através da educação em e pelas línguas, é possível contribuir para a compreensão e para uma Educação para o DS. E que estas duas temáticas podem ser abordadas transversal e articuladamente, contribuindo assim, desde cedo, para a construção de um futuro sustentável.This study, drawn from an intervention project with a 1st grade class, had as main objective to understand the development of plurilingual competence through Education for Sustainable Development (SD), as well as to analyze how SD influences the Awareness of Linguistic and Cultural Diversity. Thus, we intend to answer the following research questions: "How to develop awareness of linguistic diversity through the environmental dimension of the SD?" and "What is the contribution of education for Sustainable Development for the development of plurilingual competence?". Since this is na action research study, data were collected through field notes, transcripts of recordings from the sessions, materials produced by the students and the initial and final questionnaires. In data analysis, the preferred technique was content analysis. Hence, data analysis concluded that the students developed awareness of their role as citizens, with regard to the promotion and respect for linguistic, cultural and environmental diversity. All this meant that they better understood the importance of their role in creating a better world. With this report we can also conclude that through (language) education, you can contribute to the understanding and the Education for SD and that these two issues can be addressed in an articulated way, thus contributing to creating a sustainable future

DIRETRIZES DA AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION PARA RESSUSCITAÇÃO CARDIOPULMONAR: CONHECIMENTO DE SOCORRISTAS

Objetivo: descrever o conhecimento dos profissionais socorristas sobre o protocolo da American Heart Association para ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 40 socorristas de um Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista estruturada, utilizando-se um formulário construído com base nas recomendações da American Heart Association para ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Resultados: 70% dos entrevistados conhecem a sequência das manobras de ressuscitação cardíaca, 40% não conhecem a frequência e profundidade das compressões torácicas, 55% não sabem a técnica de identificação de parada cardiorrespiratória e 52,5% não sabem o número de ventilações a serem aplicadas durante um atendimento ao paciente em parada cardíaca com via aérea avançada. Conclusão: o conhecimento dos socorristas, a despeito das novas diretrizes da American Heart Association para ressuscitação cardiopulmonar, não está atualizado conforme preconiza a entidade, demonstrando, assim, que essas diretrizes ainda não foram implantadas na prática. Descritores: American Heart Association. Parada cardíaca. Reanimação cardiopulmonar. Conhecimento

Bilateral compensatory postural adjustments to a unilateral perturbation in subjects with chronic ankle instability

To evaluate the magnitude of bilateral compensatory postural adjustments in response to a unilateral sudden inversion perturbation in subjects with chronic ankle instability. Methods: 24 athletes with chronic ankle instability (14 with functional ankle instability, 10 with mechanical ankle instability) and twenty controls participated in this study. The bilateral electromyography of ankle muscles was collected during a unilateral sudden ankle inversion to assess the magnitude of subcortical and voluntary compensatory postural adjustments in both the perturbed and the contralateral limb (support limb). In the support position, compared to the control group, the group with functional ankle instability presented decreased compensatory postural adjustments of the tibialis anterior in both the injured and the uninjured limbs in the support position and of the soleus in the uninjured limb. In the side of the perturbation, participants with functional ankle instability presented decreased soleus compensatory postural adjustments in the uninjured limb when compared to the control group. Increased values of soleus and peroneal brevis compensatory postural adjustments were observed in the group with mechanical instability when compared to the control group and to the group with functional ankle instability. Subjects with functional ankle instability present bilateral impairment of compensatory postural adjustments of the tibialis anterior in a support position and of the soleus of the uninjured limb regardless of the position. Subjects with mechanical instability present bilateral increase of these adjustments in the peroneal brevis regardless of the position and in the soleus muscle in the side of the perturbation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Caracterização morfogênica e estrutural comparativa de cultivares de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais sob crescimento livre

Understanding of the morphogenetic characteristics allows comprehension of aspects related to the form and function of forage plants, providing opportunities to identify potentially high productive plants and distinct defoliation management requirements. The objective of this experiment was to carry out a comparative study of ten tropical forage grasses using morphogenetic and structural variables. Treatments corresponded to grasses of the Panicum genus (P. maximum cultivars Tanzânia and Mombaça) and the Brachiaria genus (B. brizantha cultivars Piatã, Marandu, Xaraés, Capiporã and Arapoty; B. decumbens cultivar Basilisk; B. humidicola cultivars Comum and Tupi), evaluated under free growth conditions.. Response variables were leaf appearance and elongation rates, phyllochron, stem elongation rate, final leaf length, number of live leaves per tiller, leaf life span and tiller appearance, death and survival rates. There was difference between cultivars for these variables, indicating a large variability within plants. Considering the morphogenetic and structural variables of leaves and tillers, B. brizantha had a similar pattern of variation to those of P. maximum, and B. Decumbens, similar to those of B. humidicola. Tiller appearance was large at the onset of the experiment and second and third generations comprised the large majority of tiller population for the cultivars Mombaça, Tanzânia, Xaraés and Capiporã. Group analysis based on plant morphogenetic and structural characteristics of leaves and tillers was an interesting way of grouping cultivars, indicating the importance and the potential of using morphogenesis in plant selection and evaluation programmes.O estudo das características morfogênicas permite compreender aspectos relativos à forma e função das plantas forrageiras além de possibilitar identificar plantas com potenciais produtivos e exigências de manejo diferentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, comparativamente, dez plantas forrageiras tropicais por meio de variáveis morfogênicas e estruturais. Os tratamentos corresponderam a cultivares pertencentes ao gênero Panicum (P. maximum cvs. Tanzânia e Mombaça) e ao gênero Brachiaria (B. brizantha cvs. Piatã, Marandu, Xaraés, Capiporã, e Arapoty; B. decumbens cv. Basilisk; B. humidicola cvs. Comum e Tupi), avaliados sob condições de crescimento livre. Foram avaliadas a taxa de aparecimento e alongamento de folhas, filocrono, taxa de alongamento de colmos, comprimento final da lâmina foliar, número de folhas vivas por perfilho, duração de vida das folhas e padrão demográfico de perfilhamento. Houve diferença entre cultivares para as variáveis, indicando grande variabilidade no material estudado. Considerando as características morfogênicas e estruturais de folhas e perfilhos, as B. brizantha apresentaram comportamento parecido com os P. maximum, e B. decumbens mais próximo das B. humidicola. Verificou-se que o aparecimento de perfilhos foi inicialmente elevado e que a segunda e, ou, terceira gerações contribuíram de forma significativa para o número total de perfilhos dos cultivares Mombaça, Tanzânia, Xaraés e Capiporã. A análise de agrupamento baseada nas características morfogênicas e estruturais de folhas e perfilhos foi um método interessante para agrupar cultivares, demonstrando a importância e o potencial de uso da morfogênese em trabalhos de seleção e avaliação de plantas forrageiras.FAPEMIGFederal University of Viçosa - Animal Science Departmen

Potential predation and fecundity of Amblyseius aerialis fed two-spotted spider mite

The mites of the Phytoseiidae family stand out for the biological control of pest mites. The species Amblyseius aerialis (Muma, 1955) is a generalist mite, which can contribute to the natural regulation of pest mites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for predation and fecundity of A. aerialis on the different phases of Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae). A female of A. aerialis was confined on dish (3.0 cm in diameter) of jack bean leaves, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. The discs were left in petri dish with water. Each T. urticae phase was offered individually to A. aerialis at densities: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mites / arena. The number of prey consumed and eggs laid by A. aerialis were evaluated every 24 hours for seven days, with removal of laid eggs by phytoseiid and dead prey and replacement of prey in the initial amount. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test, applying the factorial (4x6). It was observed that with the increase of the density of T. urticae offered there was an increase in the predation of A. aerialis. When offered the nymph and adult the average number of eggs per day was higher, differing from egg and larva. Thus, A. aerialis can be a biological control agent of the T. urticae, reducing the population of the pest and maintaining its fecundity in all phases and densities offered.The mites of the Phytoseiidae family stand out for the biological control of pest mites. The species Amblyseius aerialis (Muma, 1955) is a generalist mite, which can contribute to the natural regulation of pest mites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for predation and fecundity of A. aerialis on the different phases of Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae). A female of A. aerialis was confined on dish (3.0 cm in diameter) of jack bean leaves, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. The discs were left in petri dish with water. Each T. urticae phase was offered individually to A. aerialis at densities: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mites / arena. The number of prey consumed and eggs laid by A. aerialis were evaluated every 24 hours for seven days, with removal of laid eggs by phytoseiid and dead prey and replacement of prey in the initial amount. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test, applying the factorial (4x6). It was observed that with the increase of the density of T. urticae offered there was an increase in the predation of A. aerialis. When offered the nymph and adult the average number of eggs per day was higher, differing from egg and larva. Thus, A. aerialis can be a biological control agent of the T. urticae, reducing the population of the pest and maintaining its fecundity in all phases and densities offered

THE TEACHING PROFESSIONALISM AND PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE: REFLECTIONS ON BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION COURSES IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES

To analyze the constitution of the teaching professionalism and the contribution of the teachers' pedagogical practice in the development of competences and abilities of the students of the Administration course of the Public Universities of Piauí. The instrument is a questionnaire developed in the Google Docs platform, with a five-point Likert scale and a semi-structured interview script. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Fifty-one professors from business administration courses at public universities in the state of Piauí participated. The results pointed out that teachers' professionalism is influenced by their established relationships, even before they enter the profession, and carries aspects of their biography, their social and psychological universe. They believe that their professionalism is related to the construction of competencies and the development of skills for their teaching activities, leading to the deduction that, by being aware of their own abilities and competencies, they know of the need to improve and/or develop them. With this, they carry out a more cautious and conscious teaching practice, contributing to an effective training of their students in order to contribute to the development of their skills and abilities