Получение материалов на основе сополимера лактида и гликолида для восстановления кровеносных сосудов

В ходе эксперимента были получены пленки сополимера лактида и гликолида с различными характеристиками поверхности. С использованием методов сканирующей электронной микроскопии и профилометрии, а также методов ИК-спектроскопии установлен состав, структура и морфология поверхности полученных полимерных пленок. Показано образование различных агрегатов на поверхности пленок в зависимости от способа обработки материала. Установлено, что при получении пленок они частично подвергаются гидролизу, а шероховатость образцов зависит от способа обработки

Expulsions in the Russian North: migration processes and neoliberal policy

The article summarizes the results of a long-term study of changes in living conditions of the population in the North during the formation of trade capitalism and the spread of neoliberal policy. Expulsion is considered as an institutionally organized way of exception in the form of state policy, actively supporting social polarization, contributing to consumer way of natural resource development and extensive use of before-built infrastructure, and accompanied by the isolation of the experience, disregard of the interests and violation of the rights of residents. The article proves that Soviet policy, interested in attracting labor to develop the Russian North and used a distribution system of goods for these purposes, did not contribute much to the consolidation of labor migrants in the northern territories as it initiated their return to the homeland at the end of their labor biography. The position of a “temporary worker” was formed by the proposed privileges, which served a compensation for work in adverse climatic conditions but did not contribute to the prospects for the development of the northern territories. At the same time, the interests of residents, who turned out to be cut off from prestigious jobs and found themselves in worse living conditions, were regularly ignored, and their rights were unrecognized. If, through vertical mobility and integration into the Soviet distribution system, it was possible to smooth out the inequities in the distribution of benefits, it became more difficult to hide this with the country's transition to the market and the beginning of a new phase of natural resource extraction. Moreover, considering the exclusion processes have become more widespread. Now not only the indigenous peoples of the North but also the second generation of migrants are among the vulnerable groups. The focus of the conflict has shifted and expressed itself in the relations between the residents of the Center and the regions

SENSOR DETERMINATION OF THE DEGREE OF WHEAT GRAIN DAMAGE BY SMUT MUSHROOMS

The article describes the developed method for determining the degree of damage to wheat grain by smut fungi, which allows to determine its non-toxic level, increase the measurement accuracy and reliability of the results, to ensure the simplicity of processing the results, to prevent further damage to wheat grain and to ensure its safety without compromising quality. As smut reduces the yield, worsens the quality of grain and grain products, and improving the sanitary condition of grain raw materials is an urgent problem. It was established that the developed method allows to significantly reduce the cost of analysis by 300-320 rubles, reduce the time for analysis by 20-25 minutes, reduce the measurement error from 15% to 10%

Advances in reforming and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons for hydrogen production and fuel cell applications

One of the most attractive routes for the production of hydrogen or syngas for use in fuel cell applications is the reforming and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. The use of hydrocarbons in high temperature fuel cells is achieved through either external or internal reforming. Reforming and partial oxidation catalysis to convert hydrocarbons to hydrogen rich syngas plays an important role in fuel processing technology. The current research in the area of reforming and partial oxidation of methane, methanol and ethanol includes catalysts for reforming and oxidation, methods of catalyst synthesis, and the effective utilization of fuel for both external and internal reforming processes. In this paper the recent progress in these areas of research is reviewed along with the reforming of liquid hydrocarbons, from this an overview of the current best performing catalysts for the reforming and partial oxidizing of hydrocarbons for hydrogen production is summarized

Получение материалов на основе сополимера лактида и гликолида для восстановления кровеносных сосудов

В ходе эксперимента были получены пленки сополимера лактида и гликолида с различными характеристиками поверхности. С использованием методов сканирующей электронной микроскопии и профилометрии, а также методов ИК-спектроскопии установлен состав, структура и морфология поверхности полученных полимерных пленок. Показано образование различных агрегатов на поверхности пленок в зависимости от способа обработки материала. Установлено, что при получении пленок они частично подвергаются гидролизу, а шероховатость образцов зависит от способа обработки

The mixer with z-shaped working blades for high viscosity components

The imperfection of the mixing technique affects the quality of products. The process of mixing the components is among the most energy-intensive, positively influencing the quality of finished products and shelf life. The mixer, having three chambers, through which pass two shafts, while the high speed shaft located in the first chamber, is installed inside the low-speed shaft. The design feature of a mixer is a z-shaped working blade, located on the fast shaft, which improves the process of mixing the components. On a high-speed shaft after the Z-shaped blades are two tape spirals of different diameter with opposite winding, providing a direction of flow of the mixture toward each other in a cross-counterflow. Working bodies (cone-shaped blades and band spirals) are three kinds of the movement of the mixture in the mixer: tangential, radial and axial flow. Mixer allows to optimize the mixing process of raw materials, different in grain-size composition and physical properties, due to the rational character of the movement of the mixture in each working chamber depending on the functional purpose of the product. In addition, expanding the scope of the mixer due to the achievement of the universalization of the mechanism of mixing taking into account characteristics of physical and mechanical properties of initial components. In addition, decreasing the duration of the technological cycle of obtaining ready mix, and hence reduce the specific energy consumption of the mixing process in achieving a better homogeneity of the finished product

State preferences for the people in remote and northern territories of Russia

The necessity of special benefits and guaranties for distant territories, and areas of the Far North and equivalent territories, allocated in a special group, aimed at involvement of people and providing the needs of national economy with natural resources are described in the article. The author’s periodization of the legal development of northern benefits and guaranties was presented. The grounds for separating the periods were the years of regionalization of these territories and a set of state preferences granted to the population in different periods. Five stages are highlighted: first — pre-Soviet, tsarist period, when the benefits and guaranties were introduced for distant localities; second stage — 1923–1932, the foundations of the benefit system by territories and branches were laid; third — 1942–1945, the WWII years, when all benefits were collapsed or cancelled, fourth stage — 1946–1967, recovery of earlier established benefits, introduction the new benefits; fifth stage — 1990–2014, was ordering of benefits and guaranties due to the new economic realities; a part of benefits became a competence of labor law, defined by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that the development activities in the northern territories were the main goal of the government, and, therefore, the legal regulation of guaranties and benefits for the employees of the Far North and equivalent for them territories were also a priority. During the 20th century and in the beginning of the 21st century, the benefits for the employees of the Far North and equivalent territories had been repeatedly changed. They were expanded or limited depending on the necessity and opportunities of the state

New production technology briquetted feed additive

Currently, the domestic market of animal feed products represented a wide variety of feed for cattle. However, even the most modern feed are not able to fully compensate for the lack of varietymicro- and macronutrients, vitamins and many other nutrientsThat the animals do not get enough in the process of feeding in a farm pasture and hunting grounds. In this connection, the establishment of a functional product, combining the complex substances needed in the feeding of animals and development of energy-efficient method of its production is important. The proposed technology allows to obtain an energy efficient fodder briquettes with high uniformity and specify the content of bioactive substances necessary for the animal organism growth and development, to provide longer retention products. Аn energy-efficient method for the production of a briquetted feed additive based on grain molasses has been developed, as a result of it the Increase ecological safety of the production line of fodder briquettes is increased, emissions of spent coolants into the environment are reduced, by 10–15% the specific energy costs are reduced through the use of a high-temperature steam compression heal pump

Development of Cryptocrystalline Graphite Desulfurization Methods

Increasing demands on the quality of graphite cause carrying out detailed studies of its desulfurization. Combined sulfur present in natural graphite reduces the heat transfer coefficient, increases the heat energy consumption, pollutes the atmosphere with harmful emissions in the process of their application in various branches of industry. The technology and deepness of desulfurization is determined by the total content and ratio of various sulfur compounds in graphite. Previously, a number of technologies for cryptocrystalline graphite enrichment had been developed by the authors. However, the use of these technologies does not effectively reduce the sulfur content in the graphite composition. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop activation methods that can reduce effectively the sulfur content in the composition of cryptocrystalline graphite. In order to reduce the total sulfur content, mechanical and electro-explosive-pulsing activation were tested. Mechanical activation of graphite was carried out in АGО-2, DCM, D-100 activator mills in different environments and at different activation time. To implement electric-explosive-pulsing activation, special equipment was used. In the process of the research it has been found that the use of mechanical activation and electric-explosive-pulsing activation does not reduce the sulfur content below 0.25 wt.%. Mechanical activation of graphite in different modes enables more intensive release of sulfide minerals from aggregate graphite formations and their intensive oxidation

Mixing process in the preparation of feed pellets at technological conditions rational parametres choice

The mixing of ingredients – the most important process step in the manufacture of fodder pellets. The technology involves using molasses (warmed to 30–40 °C) as a binder. In its composition is administered a mixture of salts of trace elements (copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt carbonate, potassium iodide, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite), vitamins, salt, magnesium oxide, feed limestone, mono calcium phosphate and lime. Research on the development of feed pellets were carried out in laboratory conditions using experimental equipment. Mixer-reactor created the conditions for heating and temperature control of mass be mixed due to the occurring chemical reaction between water contained in the molasses, and the presence of oxides of calcium and magnesium. The choice of rational parameters of the mixing process upon receipt of fodder pellets allows to provide the high quality product with minimal energy costs. The ranges of the input information factors selected with the aid of a central rotatable uniforms-planning allowed with 56 experiments in a third-multiple replication to obtain the regression equation adequately describing the mixing process. The main factors were: the content of molasses, %; the content of calcium oxide, %; frequency of rotation of the stirrer, rpm; the content of salt in the recipe, %; the temperature of blending, °C. Output factors – productivity, kg/h; energy consumption, kWh; homogeneity of mixing, %. In the result of experiments impact factors and mathematical model of the process that allows to define output parameters within chosen ranges of variation of input factors are obtained. Greatest influence – the content of molasses in the product, the lowest – content of salt in the recipe. Efficiency of mixing hard distributed components pertaining to the most important biologically active substances was evaluated. Content (% of entered) of vitamins and minerals in the pellets did not differ significantly from the values provided by the recipe (not >10%). The degree of homogeneity of the products on the distribution of vitamins and minerals were at the level to 92.4–99.6%