Seasonal cycling of sulfur and iron in porewaters of a Delaware salt marsh

An extensive pore water data set has been gathered in the Great Marsh, Delaware over various seasons, salinities, and tides. The data all point to a complimentary redox cycle for sulfur and iron which operates seasonally and tidally. Surface oxidizing conditions prevail in summer, with more reducing conditions at depth during the winter. During the spring tides which flood the marsh, pyrite oxidation occurs releasing excess dissolved iron (II) and sulfate to the porewaters, and precipitating authigenic solid iron phases. The redox conditions in the porewaters of the upper zone during the summer is poised between mildly oxidizing and mildly reducing conditions as shown by pE calculations. This redox environment and intermediate iron-sulfur redox species may be important for the stimulation of plant growth (photosynthesis) and sustenance of a viable microbial community (heterotrophy and chemoautropy)

Assessment of Tax Compliance Procedures and Its Impact on Revenue Generation in Techiman Municipality

The study sought to determine the effect of tax compliance on revenue generation in the Bono East Region of Ghana. The research work was justified and significant because of the critical role of taxes in the accomplishment of GRA developmental goals and the satisfaction of the local people. This study was explanatory, employing quantitative methods of data collection. The study targeted employees of GRA-Techiman, GRA-Atebubu and GRA-Wenchi. A total sample size of 97 was chosen. Quota and simple random sampling were adopted in selecting the respondents. The regression analysis model was adopted as the model specification for this study. The study found that tax compliance was observed in Ghana Revenue Authority. However, not all components of the control principles were adequately followed. However, tax compliance principles had a positive and significant relationship with revenue generation. There was a positive relationship between tax monitoring and revenue generation, a positive relationship between information and communication and revenue generation, and tax control activities positively and significantly predicted revenue generation. Furthermore, there was a positive and significant relationship between tax risk assessment and revenue generation. It is recommended that activities such as customer complaint surveillance and feedback and audits performed periodically by internal auditors should be monitored and managed frequently. Keywords: Tax, Tax Compliance, Revenue Generation, Ghana Revenue Authority. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-12-10 Publication date:June 30th 202

Heat of formation of slags

First it was intended to find out the number of heat units per gram of slag that each individual slag would require. The color and blending of the slag were also to be noted. Causes and any derivations that may appear. If any fixed law was visible it was thought to bring it forth. The percentage of iron oxide and calcium oxide was to be varied and the silicon to bear the same proportion in every case --Object of Thesis, page 1

Effect of Cooked Corn in Diets of Growing-Finishing Swine

Little information is known concerning the effects of cooking corn on the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. Therefore. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of pigs fed cooked or regular corn in free-choice and complete mixed ration feeding systems

'Protestantism' as a historical category

The term ‘Protestant’ itself is a historical accident, but the category of western Christians who have separated from Rome since 1517 remains a useful one. The confessionalisation thesis, which has dominated recent Reformation historiography, instead posits the two major Protestant confessions and Tridentine Catholicism as its categories, but this can produce a false parallelism in which the nature of the relationship between the confessions is oversimplified. Instead, this paper proposes we think of a Protestant ecosystem consisting of self-consciously confessional Lutheranism, a broad Calvinism which imagined itself as normative, and a collection of radical currents much more intimately connected to the ‘magisterial’ confessions than any of the participants wished to acknowledge. The magisterial / radical division was maintained only with constant vigilance and exemplary violence, with Calvinism in particular constantly threatening to bleed into radicalism. What gives this quarrelsome family of ‘Protestants’ analytical coherence is neither simple genealogy nor, as has been suggested, mere adherence to the Bible: since in practice both ‘radical’ and ‘magisterial’ Protestants have been more flexible and ‘spiritual’ in their use of Scripture than is generally allowed. It is, rather, the devotional experience underpinning that ‘spiritual’ use of the Bible, of an unmediated encounter with grace

Microbial iron mats at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and evidence that Zetaproteobacteria may be restricted to iron-oxidizing marine systems

© The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 10 (2015): e0119284, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119284 .Chemolithoautotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria play an essential role in the global iron cycle. Thus far, the majority of marine iron-oxidizing bacteria have been identified as Zetaproteobacteria, a novel class within the phylum Proteobacteria. Marine iron-oxidizing microbial communities have been found associated with volcanically active seamounts, crustal spreading centers, and coastal waters. However, little is known about the presence and diversity of iron-oxidizing communities at hydrothermal systems along the slow crustal spreading center of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. From October to November 2012, samples were collected from rust-colored mats at three well-known hydrothermal vent systems on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Rainbow, Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, and Snake Pit) using the ROV Jason II. The goal of these efforts was to determine if iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria were present at sites proximal to black smoker vent fields. Small, diffuse flow venting areas with high iron(II) concentrations and rust-colored microbial mats were observed at all three sites proximal to black smoker chimneys. A novel, syringe-based precision sampler was used to collect discrete microbial iron mat samples at the three sites. The presence of Zetaproteobacteria was confirmed using a combination of 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and single-cell sorting, while light micros-copy revealed a variety of iron-oxyhydroxide structures, indicating that active iron-oxidizing communities exist along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Sequencing analysis suggests that these iron mats contain cosmopolitan representatives of Zetaproteobacteria, but also exhibit diversity that may be uncommon at other iron-rich marine sites studied to date. A meta-analysis of publically available data encompassing a variety of aquatic habitats indicates that Zetaproteobacteria are rare if an iron source is not readily available. This work adds to the growing understanding of Zetaproteobacteria ecology and suggests that this organism is likely locally restricted to iron-rich marine environments but may exhibit wide-scale geographic distribution, further underscoring the importance of Zetaproteobacteria in global iron cycling.This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation [grants OCE-0926805 (DE and JAB), OCE-1155754 (DE), and OCE-1131109 (GWL)] and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX12AG20G (GWL and DE)]

Feed Additives in Swine Diets

An experiment was conducted at the Cornbelt Research and Extension Center near Beresford, South Dakota, to determine the effectiveness of Mecadox and other feed additives fed for a 5-week period, to study the effect of withdrawal of feed additives at this time on future growth performance and to study the effect of the antibiotic tylosin when fed during the finishing period

Why Add Vitamin Supplements to Diets of Growing-Finishing Pigs

A great deal of variation appears to exist in the amount of supplemental vitamins that are added to diets for growing-finishing pigs. Many pigs are fed diets that do not contain any supplemental vitamins, others receive diets containing levels of vitamins that meet the recommendations of the National Research Council (NRC) and still others are fed diets containing levels of vitamins considerably higher that the NRC recommended levels. This experiment was conducted to determine the value, if any, of recommended and excess levels of vitamins in growing-finishing pig diets

Effect of Environment and Feeding Antibacterial Compounds During Early Growth on Performance on Growing-Finishing Pigs

The objectives of this experiment were to study the value of several anti-microbial agents as feed additives when included in the diet of young weaned pigs for approximately 5 weeks and to compare the performance of pigs fed in an enclosed confinement building with those fed in an outside, open-front building

The role of metacognitive self-reflectivity in emotional awareness and subjective indices of recovery in schizophrenia

Emotional awareness deficits in people with schizophrenia have been linked to poorer objective outcomes, but, no work has investigated the relationship between emotional awareness and subjective recovery indices or metacognitive self-reflectivity. We hypothesized that increased emotional awareness would be associated with greater self-esteem, hope, and self-reflectivity and that self-reflectivity would moderate links between emotional awareness and self-esteem and hope -- such that significant relationships would only be observed at lower levels of self-reflectivity. Participants were 56 people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Correlations revealed that better emotional awareness was significantly associated with increased self-esteem and hope but not self-reflectivity. Self-reflectivity moderated the relationship between emotional awareness and self-esteem but not hope. Overall, findings suggest that emotional awareness may affect self-esteem for those low in self-reflectivity, but other factors may be important for those with greater self-reflectivity. Results emphasize the importance of interventions tailored to enhance self-reflective capacity in clients with schizophrenia