The objectives of this experiment were to study the value of several anti-microbial agents as feed additives when included in the diet of young weaned pigs for approximately 5 weeks and to compare the performance of pigs fed in an enclosed confinement building with those fed in an outside, open-front building

Libal, George W.

Luther, Richard M.

Vogel, Alan

Wahlstrom, Richard C.

English

Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange

South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings andResearch Reports, 1973 Animal Science Reports1973Effect of Environment and Feeding AntibacterialCompounds During Early Growth onPerformance on Growing-Finishing PigsRichard C. WahlstromSouth Dakota State UniversityGeorge W. LibalAlan VogelRichard M. LutherFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1973This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1973 byan authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationWahlstrom, Richard C.; Libal, George W.; Vogel, Alan; and Luther, Richard M., "Effect of Environment and Feeding AntibacterialCompounds During Early Growth on Performance on Growing-Finishing Pigs" (1973). South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings andResearch Reports, 1973. Paper 2.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1973/2S outh Dakota S tate University B rookings, S outh Dakota Department of Animal S cience Agricul tural Expe riment S tation A . S .  Series 73-38 Effect of Environment and Feeding Antibacterial Compounds During Early Growth on Performance of Growing-Fini shing Pigs Richard c. Wah ls trom, George W .  Libal, Alan Vogel and Richard M. Luther It has been recommended by the Food and D rug Adminis tration Task Force that antimic robial agents used in clinical medicine be p rohibi ted from use as growth p romotants in animals after December 3 1, 1973 .  They have asked for further research on the efficacy and safety of these compounds, particularly in the area of development of resis tant organisms . Early research conducted at S ou th Dakota and several other s tations indicated that the greates t benefit in growth performance o ccurs when these compounds are included in rations of young pigs . It was also shown that removing an antibiotic from the feed at about 1 00 lb . live weigh t resulted in a loss of part of the increased gain by market weigh t . The objectives o f  this expe riment were to s tudy the value of several anti­microbial agents as feed additives when included in the diet o f  young weaned pigs for app roximately 5 weeks and to compare the performance of pigs fed in an enclosed confinement b uilding with those fed in an outside, open-front b uilding . Experimental Pro cedure Sixty-f our crossbred pigs that avera ged about 26 lb . were allo t ted t o  two replications of four t reatments .  Eigh t pigs, six barrows and two gilts, were as signed to each lot . One rep licate of four pens was housed in concrete floored pens in a t otally enclosed b uilding, whi le the other replicate of four pens was housed in open-front, uninsulated b ui ldings having concrete floored pens and outside feeding areas . All pigs we re fed the basal diets shown in table 1 .  Antimicrobial compounds were a dded to the diets during the firs t 37 days of the experiment and then removed and all treatments were fed the unsupp lemented basal diets to termination of the experiment at an average weight o f  about 1 85 p ounds . The expe rimental treatments for the firs t 37 days were as follows: 1 .  No additive ( control) 2 .  200 g furazolidone ( Furox) per ton 3 .  1 50 g furazolidone, 100 g oxytet racycline and 90 g arsanilic acid ( FOA) per ton 4 .  1 00 g chlortetra cycline, 100 g s ulfamethazine and 50 g penicillin (ASP-250) per t on .  5 - 2 -Results The e ff ect of the various ant im i crobi al compounds on growth performance is shown in t able 2 .  There were signi fi cant di fferences in average daily gain and feed/ gain for the 3 7- day period that antimi crobial compounds were included in the diet . Dai ly gains were increased 0 .17, 0 . 30 and 0 . 42 lb . by feeding ASP- 250, Furox and FOA, respective ly . Feed effi ciency was als o improved from 6 to 1 2% when pigs were f ed these growth p romotant compounds . The init ial t reatment during the firs t 37  days did not appear to h ave any effect on performance of the pigs dur ing the subsequent 70-day period when all pigs were fed the b as al die t . Gains , feed consump tion and feed e fficiency were similar for a ll t reatments during this period . The advantage in increas ed gains obs erved during the firs t  3 7  days was essentially maintained for the remainder of th e experiment . However, when cons idering the entire experiment , average dai ly gains for pigs fed th e antimicrob i al compounds were only s li gh tly better than thos e of pigs fed the cont rol diets . Daily gains were 1 . 4 2 , 1 . 4 7 ,  1 . 55 and 1 . 48 for pigs fed th e bas al , Furox , FOA and ASP-250 diets, respectively . There were no dif ferences in fee d  e fficiency for the total experimental period . The comparis on of pigs housed in total confinement or in open-front b uildings is summari zed in table 3 .  No s ignificant differences were found in average dai ly gain . However , during the final 70-day feeding period pigs housed in the open­front buildings consumed s igni ficantly more feed than thos e hous ed in total confine­ment and they cons umed app roximately 10% more feed daily during the enti re experi­ment . Less feed was required per lb . of gain when pigs were confined indoors . As an average of the experiment , pigs fed in outside l ot s  required 6 %  more feed per lb . of gain than those pigs fed in confinement . Thi s experiment was conducted from Novemb er 1 to February 16 and the data indi cate that p igs fed outs ide h ad t o  uti li ze a part of the energy of their diet for body heat . The p igs appeared to compens ate for this by consuming more feed and maintaining their gains equal to thos e pigs fed in a b ui lding where temp erature rarely fell below 50° F .  More feet and leg problems , tail b i ting and poor growth were encountered with pigs in the confinem ent house as indi cated by the fact that nine pigs were removed f rom this group and only two pigs needed to be removed from the outside group . It is not pos s ib le to conclude whether these differences were tot ally due to hous ing conditions . S ix ty-four weanling pigs were use d in an expe riment t o  s tudy the effects of feeding furazolidone, a furazol idone-oxytet racy cline-ars anilic acid mixture and a ch lortetracy cline-sulfamethazine-peni cillin mixture for 3 7  days . All of the antimicrob ial compounds increase d gains and improved feed efficiency during th e 3 7-day period they were f ed . These compounds did not have any carry-over eff ect on performance of pigs fed the b asal diet for a subs equent 70-day period . Feeding the above compounds for the ini tial 3 7  days of the experiment res ulted in ove rall increas es in daily gain from 0 . 05 to 0 . 1 3  pound . 6 -- 3 -Pigs fed in total confinement required less feed per uni t of gain than p igs hous ed in open- front buildings and fed in outs i de lots . Gains did not differ s ignif icantly among thes e treatments . Table 1 .  Composition of B asal Diets (Percent) Ground yellow corn Soyb ean meal ( 44 %) Dical cium phosphate Ground limestone T ra ce mine ral s alt (0. 8 %  zinc) Vitamin premixa To 1 25 lb . 79 . 4  1 7 . 7  1 .  7 0. 5 0 . 5  0 . 2  1 25 to 200 lb . 89 . 8  7 . 9 1. 1 0 . 5  0 . 5  0 . 2  aProvided per lb . of diet: vitamin A, 1500 IU; vi tamin D, 200 IU; riboflavin, 1 . 25 mg; pantotheni c acid, 5 mg; niacin, 10 mg; choline, 50 mg and vitamin Biz, 7. 5 mcg . 7 - 4 -Table 2 .  Effect of Feeding Antimicrobial Compounds for 37  Days on Performance of Growing-Finishing Pigs Control Furox FOA ASP-250 First 37 days Number of pigs 16 1 6  1 6  1 6  Avg . daily gain, lb .* 0 . 90 1 . 20 1 . 32 1 . 07  Avg . daily feed� lb . 2 . 4  7 3 . 04 3 . 20 2 . 79 Avg . feed/ gain* 2 . 76 2 . 54 2 . 43 2 . 60 From 37  days to termination Number of pigsa 13 13  12  15  Avg .  daily gain , lb . 1 . 65 1 . 57 1 . 66 1 .  6 7  Avg . daily feed , lb . 5 . 6 7  5 . 58 6 .0 5  5 . 75 Avg . feed/ gain 3 . 44 3 . 54 3 . 64 3 . 44 ComElete t rial Number of pigsb 13  13  12  15  Avg . daily gain, lb . 1 . 42 1 . 47 1 . 55 1 . 48 Avg . daily feed , lb . 4 . 62 4 .  85 5 . 1 1  4 .  74 Avg . fee d/ gain 3 . 24 3 . 30 3 . 28 3 . 20 aEleven pigs were removed during this pe riod b ecause of tail biting , leg p roblems and failure to grow . bnata adj us ted to include only those pigs that completed the experiment . *S ignif icant t reatment differences (P< . 05) . **Sign if icant treatment differences (P< . 0 1 ) . 8 - 5 -Tab le 3 .  Effect of Type of Housing on Growth Performance Total confinement Number pigs s tarted Number pigs finished Avg . ini tial wt . , lb . Avg . final wt . ,  lb . Avg . daily gain,  lb . Firs t 37 days 37 days to end Complete trial Avg . daily feed , lb . Firs t 37  days ** 37  days to end Complete trial Avg . feed/gain * Firs t 37  days 37 days to end* Comp lete trial *significant difference (P< . 05) . **significant difference ( P< . 0 1) . 9 32 23 25 . 6  1 8 1 . 2  1 . 10 1 . 59 1 . 45 2 .  77 5 . 1 7 4 . 54 2 . 52 3 . 25 3 . 14 Open-front 32 30 25 . 9  187 . 2  1 . 14 1 . 68 1 . 50 3 . 0 1  6 . 0 4  5 . 0 3  2 . 64 3 . 60 3 . 34 

Effect of Environment and Feeding Antibacterial Compounds During Early Growth on Performance on Growing-Finishing Pigs

https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=sd_swine_1973

Effect of Environment and Feeding Antibacterial Compounds During Early Growth on Performance on Growing-Finishing Pigs

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange