Anticipated nursing care as perceived by nursing students: Findings from a qualitative study

Aim: To explore the perceptions of nursing students on the phenomenon of anticipated nursing care. Design: A descriptive-qualitative study was performed in 2019 according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research principles. Methods: Data were collected using 16 face-to-face, audio-recorded interviews across four Italian Bachelor of Nursing degrees. Then, content analysis was performed, identifying, analysing and describing the anticipated nursing care phenomenon as perceived by nursing students. Results: Administering medications, providing fundamentals of care, managing some clinical procedures, freeing up the patient's bed and starting the shifts early emerged as the most anticipated nursing interventions. Stable, older patients who were more functionally dependent were reported to receive some fundamental nursing care before the expected time, while older, stable and more independent patients were used to receiving medications in advance. Anticipated nursing care is triggered by factors at the time management, resource, programming, professional and organizational levels

The Role of Amygdala in Self-Conscious Emotions in a Patient With Acquired Bilateral Damage

Shame plays a fundamental role in the regulation of our social behavior. One intriguing question is whether amygdala might play a role in processing this emotion. In the present single-case study, we tested a patient with acquired damage of bilateral amygdalae and surrounding areas as well as healthy controls on shame processing and other social cognitive tasks. Results revealed that the patient\u2019s subjective experience of shame, but not of guilt, was more reduced than in controls, only when social standards were violated, while it was not different than controls in case of moral violations. The impairment in discriminating between normal social situations and violations also emerged. Taken together, these findings suggest that the role of the amygdala in processing shame might reflect its relevance in resolving ambiguity and uncertainty, in order to correctly detect social violations and to generate shame feelings

Developmental Defects of Enamel in Primary Teeth and Association with Early Life Course Events: A Study of 6--36 Month old Children in Manyara, Tanzania.

Children with low birth weight show an increased prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in the primary dentition that subsequently may predispose to early childhood caries (ECC).Focusing 6--36 months old, the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of enamel defects in the primary dentition and identify influences of early life course factors; socio-demographics, birth weight, child's early illness episodes and mothers' perceived size of the child at birth, whilst controlling for more recent life course events in terms of current breastfeeding and oral hygiene. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the high fluoride area of Manyara, northern Tanzania including 1221 child-mother pairs who attended Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) clinics for immunization and/or growth monitoring. After the primary caregivers had completed face to face interviews at the health care facility, children underwent oral clinical examination whereby ECC and developmental defects of enamel were recorded using field criteria. All erupted teeth were examined and the enamel defects were assessed on buccal surfaces according to the modified DDE Index. The prevalence of enamel defects was 33.3%. Diffuse opacities were the most common defects identified (23.1%), followed by hypoplasia (7.6%) and demarcated opacities (5.0%). The most frequently affected teeth were the upper central incisors (29.0% - 30.5%), whereas lower central incisors (4.3% to 4.5%) were least frequently affected. Multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for confounding the factors revealed that having normal birth weight (equal or more than 2500 g) associated with lower odds of having enamel hypoplasia [OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.1-0.7)]. No statistically significant association occurred between birth weight and diffuse opacities, demarcated opacities or combined DDE. Children with the history of low birth weight were more likely than their normal birth weight counterparts to present with enamel hypoplasia. In view of the frequent occurrence of enamel defects and the fact that hypoplasia may constitute a risk factor for future ECC, enamel defects should be included as a dental health indicator in epidemiological studies of children in northern Tanzania

Handgrip strength predicts persistent walking recovery after hip fracture surgery

Background In older people, hip fractures often lead to disability and death. We evaluated handgrip strength, an objective measure of physical function for bedridden patients, as a predictor of walking recovery in the year after fracture surgery. Methods This multicenter prospective cohort study included 504 patients, aged 70 years or more, who were admitted to the hospital for hip fracture surgery and were formerly able to walk independently. A multidimensional geriatric evaluation that included a physical examination, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale, Charlson Index, Basic Activities of Daily Living, and grip strength was administered at the time of admission. Follow-ups were performed every 3 months for 1 year after surgery to assess functional status and survival. The walking recovery probability was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models. Results The mean age of the participants was 85.3 ± 5.5 years, and 76.1% of the participants were women. The mean grip strength was greater in men (β: 6.6 ± 0.62, P <.001) and was directly related to the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire results (P <.001), Basic Activities of Daily Living results (P <.001), serum vitamin D levels (P =.03), and time before surgery (P <.001), whereas it was inversely related to age (P <.001), Geriatric Depression Scale score (P <.001), and Charlson Index (P <.001). After adjusting for confounders, the grip strength was directly associated with the probability of both incident and persistent walking recovery (odds ratio highest tertile vs lowest tertile, 2.84, confidence interval, 1.76-4.59 and 2.79, confidence interval, 1.35-5.79, respectively). Conclusions In older patients with hip fractures, early grip strength evaluation might provide important prognostic information regarding the patient's future functional trajectory. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Memory seats and the patient record

The patient's medical record is made evident, an information package compiled during the course of the individual in a Health area institution. Considered a relevant instrument of communication between many professionals focused on patient care, in the medical record one can find test results, prescribed treatments, results obtained, among other things. It constitutes a valuable document since it subsidizes the medical staff and the institution confirming actions taken and emerging costs. As a result of the various possibilities of use, our objective is to characterize the patient’s medical record as one of the places of memory according to Nora’s idea. Through theoretical research it is possible to notice that its characteristics, functions and purposes for which it was created authorize its inclusion in the category of places of memory

Medico-legal assessment of personal damage in older people: report from a multidisciplinary consensus conference

Ageing of the global population represents a challenge for national healthcare systems and healthcare professionals, including medico-legal experts, who assess personal damage in an increasing number of older people. Personal damage evaluation in older people is complex, and the scarcity of evidence is hindering the development of formal guidelines on the subject. The main objectives of the first multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Medico-Legal Assessment of Personal Damage in Older People were to increase knowledge on the subject and establish standard procedures in this field. The conference, organized according to the guidelines issued by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), was held in Bologna (Italy) on June 8, 2019 with the support of national scientific societies, professional organizations, and stakeholders. The Scientific Technical Committee prepared 16 questions on 4 thematic areas: (1) differences in injury outcomes in older people compared to younger people and their relevance in personal damage assessment; (2) pre-existing status reconstruction and evaluation; (3) medico-legal examination procedures; (4) multidimensional assessment and scales. The Scientific Secretariat reviewed relevant literature and documents, rated their quality, and summarized evidence. During conference plenary public sessions, 4 pairs of experts reported on each thematic area. After the last session, a multidisciplinary Jury Panel (15 members) drafted the consensus statements. The present report describes Conference methods and results, including a summary of evidence supporting each statement, and areas requiring further investigation. The methodological recommendations issued during the Conference may be useful in several contexts of damage assessment, or to other medico-legal evaluation fields

A comparison of photographic, replication and direct clinical examination methods for detecting developmental defects of enamel

Different methods have been used for detecting developmental defects of enamel (DDE). This study aimed to compare photographic and replication methods with the direct clinical examination method for detecting DDE in children's permanent incisors