Growing Specialty Coffee: Economic security and environmental sustainability in global coffee systems

The Gund Institute has partnered with the Agroecology & Livelihoods Collaborative to create a more sustainable and just global coffee sector. Gund Fellows used this research brief to leverage our networks and engage NGOs such as The Specialty Coffee Association, funders, and companies in early discussions about how to address systemic inequity across the coffee value chain

Estudio sobre el clima en la Cuenca del rio Lempa

El desarrollo de nuestro país esta íntimamente ligado a los recursos naturales que en él se encuentran, y es indiscutible la influencia decisiva y directa que el tiempo y el clima ejercen sobre ellos. El clima de una región es la condición física que tiene mayor influencia sobre la agricultura y de acuerdo a él se presentan variados usos potenciales de la tierra; resulta entonces evidente la importancia de conocer y clasificar el clima de una región a fin de evitar pérdidas y lograr un mejor desarrollo, ordenamiento, protección y aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales en ella existentes. Es de gran importancia, entonces, el proporcionar al ingeniero, al agrónomo y a todos los profesionales interesados un material estadístico y documentario sobre las características de los elementos climáticos de una zona. Mediante la discusión y tratamiento estadístico de los distintos elementos meteorológicos que determinan el clima, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto, llegar a describir las distintas zonas climáticas reinantes en la parte de la Cuenca del Rio Lempa que pertenece a El Salvador y que constituye aproximadamente el 48% del territorio nacional

Mainstreaming climate change in the public budgets of developing countries: A mixed method analysis applied to Latin America and the Caribbean Countries

In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that to avoid an increase in the temperature of more than 1.5-2.0oC by 2030, as the Paris Agreement proposes, a reduction of global greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of between 25-45% is needed. To achieve this, most of developed and developing countries have submitted their nationally determined contributions (NDCs), but further work is needed to achieve another goal of the Agreement: making financial flows consistent with a pathway towards low GHGs and climate-resilient development (UNFCCC, 2015). In this context, this thesis analyses the extent to which developing countries are mainstreaming climate change in their public budget to comply with national and international commitments, and what factors promote and hinder such processes. Using a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and two case studies (Mexico and Colombia), the study found that developing countries, at least in Latin America, are more likely to mainstream climate change in their public budget if there is international support in the form of Overseas Development Aid (ODA) or climate finance. While the thesis identifies international cooperation as a promoter of climate change mainstreaming in the planning and budgetary processes, also it highlights how dependence on fossil fuels in the public finance cycle is a major constraint on such processes. The thesis suggests that while international cooperation remains key to promoting national climate action in developing countries, this will not be enough to achieve transformational changes, if the economies of developing countries remain dependant on fossil fuels

Soft Tissue Grafting Procedures before Restorations in the Esthetic Zone: A Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Case Report.

An esthetically pleasing smile is a valuable aspect of physical appearance and plays a significant role in social interaction. Achieving the perfect balance between extraoral and intraoral tissues is essential for a harmonious and attractive smile. However, certain intraoral deficiencies, such as non-carious cervical lesions and gingival recession, can severely compromise the overall aesthetics, particularly in the anterior zone. Addressing such conditions requires careful planning and meticulous execution of both surgical and restorative procedures. This interdisciplinary clinical report presents a complex case of a patient with esthetic complaints related to asymmetric anterior gingival architecture and severely discolored and eroded maxillary anterior teeth. The patient was treated using a combination of minimally invasive ceramic veneers and plastic mucogingival surgery, resulting in a successful outcome. The report emphasizes the potential of this approach in achieving optimal esthetic results in challenging cases, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary team approach in achieving a harmonious balance between dental and soft tissue aesthetics

Early Science with the Large Millimetre Telescope: Molecules in the Extreme Outflow of a proto-Planetary Nebula

Extremely high velocity emission likely related to jets is known to occur in some proto-Planetary Nebulae. However, the molecular complexity of this kinematic component is largely unknown. We observed the known extreme outflow from the proto-Planetary Nebula IRAS 16342-3814, a prototype water fountain, in the full frequency range from 73 to 111 GHz with the RSR receiver on the Large Millimetre Telescope. We detected the molecules SiO, HCN, SO, and $^{13}$CO. All molecular transitions, with the exception of the latter are detected for the first time in this source, and all present emission with velocities up to a few hundred km s$^{-1}$. IRAS 16342-3814 is therefore the only source of this kind presenting extreme outflow activity simultaneously in all these molecules, with SO and SiO emission showing the highest velocities found of these species in proto-Planetary Nebulae. To be confirmed is a tentative weak SO component with a FWHM $\sim$ 700 km s$^{-1}$. The extreme outflow gas consists of dense gas (n$_{\rm H_2} >$ 10$^{4.8}$--10$^{5.7}$ cm$^{-3}$), with a mass larger than $\sim$ 0.02--0.15 M$_{\odot}$. The relatively high abundances of SiO and SO may be an indication of an oxygen-rich extreme high velocity gas.Comment: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letter

Autoestima y Capacidad de Autocuidado en Adultos Mayores de Tenosique, Tabasco

Actualmente el envejecimiento de la población se ha convertido en un fenómeno global, por lo que es necesario investigar la autoestima y la independencia de la mayor adulyo con el fin de documentar el proceso de envejecimiento saludable. Sin embargo, debido a la presencia de enfermedades y discapacidades en esta etapa, los ancianos son susceptibles a problemas psicoemocionales que pueden inferir en su capacidad de autocuidado. Esto nos permitió proponer el objetivo de documentar la relación entre la autoestima y la capacidad de autocuidado en adultos en el municipio de Tenosique, Tabasco. Esta investigación tiene un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlativo, transversal, la muestra fue representada por 209 adultos mayores en el área urbana de Tenosique. Los resultados muestran que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre autoestima y capacidad de autocuidado, así como edad y años de diagnóstico. Se concluye que la edad, la enfermedad, la discapacidad y los años de diagnóstico son factores determinantes para la autoestima y, por tanto, para la capacidad de autocuidado.   Currently population aging has become a global phenomenon, so it is necessary to investigate the self-esteem and independence of the greater adulyo in order to document the healthy aging process. However due to the presence of diseases and disabilities at this stage the elderly is susceptible to psycho-emotional problems that can infer in their capacity for self-care. This allowed us to propose the objective of documenting the relationship between self-esteem and the capacity for self-care in adults in the municipality of Tenosique, Tabasco. This research has a quantitative design, descriptive-correlative, cross-sectional, the sample was represented by 209 older adults in the urban area of Tenosique. The results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and capacity for self-care, as well as age and years of diagnosis. It is concluded that age, illness, disability and years of diagnosis are determining factors for self-esteem and, therefore, for the capacity for self-care

Analysis of the Influence Subjective Human Parameters in the Calculation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Buildings

[EN] In the present work, we analyze the influence of the designer's choice of values for the human metabolic index (met) and insulation by clothing (clo) that can be selected within the ISO 7730 for the calculation of the energy demand of buildings. To this aim, we first numerically modeled, using TRNSYS, two buildings in different countries and climatologies. Then, we consistently validated our simulations by predicting indoor temperatures and comparing them with measured data. After that, the energy demand of both buildings was obtained. Subsequently, the variability of the set-point temperature concerning the choice of clo and met, within limits prescribed in ISO 7730, was analyzed using a Monte Carlo method. This variability of the interior comfort conditions has been finally used in the numerical model previously validated, to calculate the changes in the energy demand of the two buildings. Therefore, this work demonstrated that the diversity of possibilities offered by ISO 7730 for the choice of clo and met results, depending on the values chosen by the designer, in significant differences in indoor comfort conditions, leading to non-negligible changes in the calculations of energy consumption, especially in the case of big buildings.This work was partially funded by grants OHMERA MAT2017-86453-R, FIS2017-83762-P and ENE2015-71333-R from MINECO (Spain). R. Robledo and M. Hernandez were supported by CONACYT grants 298503 and 296471, respectively. We also thanks to supporting given by the project number INFRA-187906 from the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology-CONACYT.Robledo-Fava, R.; Hernández-Luna, MC.; Fernández De Córdoba, P.; Michinel, H.; Zaragoza, S.; Castillo-Guzman, A.; Selvas-Aguilar, R. (2019). Analysis of the Influence Subjective Human Parameters in the Calculation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Buildings. 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Unified Solutions

El presente proyecto aborda la problemática de la empresa La Campiña S.A.S. acerca del manejo de la información de los equipos de cómputo, desde un punto de vista racional y lógico, donde se evaluó el beneficio de reemplazar procesos manuales por otros estandarizados y de mejor control. Con ayuda de las herramientas de desarrollo JAVA, MySQL Y PrimeFaces, se dio solución a los inconvenientes antes mencionados y además de eso se entrega un aplicativo de buena capacidad de respuesta y de fácil manejo. Para el desarrollo de esta solución informática se invirtieron cuatro meses de trabajo de los tres participantes en los cuales se asignaron tareas y realizaron controles periódicos, que buscaban hallar errores y corregirlos en la medida que fuera necesario