Características da clientela de um centro de tratamento para dependência de drogas

OBJECTIVE: Sociodemographic and psychopathological characteristics as well as treatment approaches to patients at an outpatient clinic for drug addicts are described. METHODS: Descriptive study based on randomly sampled medical charts and registration forms of subjects presenting for treatment from 1986 to 1993. RESULTS: The sample was made up predominantly of young white unmarried men, with low occupational status. The number of years of schooling was greater than that of individuals of the same age group in the general population. Thirty-six percent of the subjects were sons of broken-down marriages, 14% had been abandoned by parents during childhood and 14% had lost one of their parents by death. Fifty percent complained of an absent father in their upbringing. Sixteen percent of the patients reported physical abuse in their childhood and the father was the perpetrator in 68% of the cases. The mean age at which subjects started to use drugs was 17.4 years. Cocaine was by far the most abused drug, either alone (34%) or together with other drugs (52%). Slightly less than half of the individuals used marijuana, whereas one fifth were also addicted to alcohol. In the time interval covered by the study the proportion of cocaine abusers increased, whereas marijuana and intravenous drug users decreased among those subjects who attended the program. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provided information for services assessment and for the modification of the organization of the treatment of drug abuse.OBJETIVO: Descrever as características sociodemográficas e psicopatológicas, bem como as abordagens de tratamento de indivíduos de uma clínica ambulatorial para dependentes de droga. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo baseado em dados de prontuários de uma amostra aleatória dos pacientes atendidos no período 1986-1993. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes em sua maioria eram homens, jovens, solteiros ou que viviam sós, da raça branca e com baixa inserção profissional. A média de idade de início do consumo de droga foi de 17,4 anos, e a proporção de indivíduos com mais de 9 anos de escolaridade foi de 51,8%. Trinta e seis porcento eram filhos de pais separados, 14% foram abandonados pelos pais na infância e 14% perderam os pais por morte. Abuso físico na infância foi referido por 16% dos pacientes, e o pai era o perpretrador em 68% dos casos. A cocaína foi a droga mais consumida, seja isoladamente (34%) ou com outras drogas (52%). Observou-se redução do consumo de maconha e de usuários de drogas por via injetável e aumento na proporção de consumidores de cocaína. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados forneceram subsídios para a avaliação do serviço e para modificações na organização do atendimento ao dependente de drogas

Tabagismo entre trabalhadores de empresa bancária

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its association with other risk factors for chronic diseases among active workers of communication and data processing centers of a Bank. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a simple random sample of 647 active workers of the bank. The data were collected in the work environment, through self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 29.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 27.5%-31.5%), 31.1% (95%CI: 26.2%-35.8%) among men and 27.8% (95%CI: 22.6%-32.9%) among women. On average, males started smoking at the age of 17.6 years and women at the age of 19.4. High prevalence of heavy smokers was observed among men and women (53% and 42%, respectively, smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day). Smokers were older, more likely to be divorced, separated and widowed, to have high blood pressure, to drink alcoholic beverages more often, and to exercise less often than to non-smokers. Those who gave up smoking were older, drank more alcoholic beverages, and were more often overweight. CONCLUSION: The considerable frequency of smoking and other risk factors for chronic diseases among those workers may be an indication of the need for new strategies for health interventions. Opportunities for preventive actions, which are more effective and less costly, may have been lost.OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de tabagismo e sua associação com outros fatores de risco para doenças crônicas entre funcionários dos centros de processamentos de serviços e comunicações de uma empresa bancária. MÉTODO: Estudo seccional de amostra aleatória simples de 647 funcionários, através de questionário auto-respondido no ambiente de trabalho. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 29,5% (Intervalo de Confiança (IC) 95%: 27,5% a 31,5%), sendo 31,1% (IC 95%: 26,2% a 35,8%) entre homens e 27,8% (IC 95%: 22,6% a 32,9%) entre mulheres. O início do hábito ocorreu, em média, aos 17,6 anos entre os homens e 19,4 anos entre as mulheres. Observou-se alta prevalência de grandes fumantes entre homens e mulheres (53% e 42% respectivamente fumavam mais de 20 cigarros por dia). A freqüência de tabagismo foi maior nos mais velhos, nos divorciados separados e viúvos, nos hipertensos, naqueles que consumiam mais bebidas alcoólicas, e nos que não praticavam exercícios físicos. Comparados aos não-fumantes, os ex-fumantes eram mais velhos, consumiam mais bebidas alcoólicas e apresentavam maior freqüência de sobrepeso. CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência de tabagismo e de outros fatores de risco para as doenças crônicas, nesta categoria de trabalhadores, aponta para a necessidade de repensar estratégias das ações de saúde atualmente desenvolvidas. Oportunidades de intervenções preventivas mais eficazes e de menor custo podem estar sendo perdidas

Photometric redshifts and clustering of emission line galaxies selected jointly by DES and eBOSS

We present the results of the first test plates of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. This paper focuses on the emission line galaxies (ELG) population targetted from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) photometry. We analyse the success rate, efficiency, redshift distribution, and clustering properties of the targets. From the 9000 spectroscopic redshifts targetted, 4600 have been selected from the DES photometry. The total success rate for redshifts between 0.6 and 1.2 is 71\% and 68\% respectively for a bright and faint, on average more distant, samples including redshifts measured from a single strong emission line. We find a mean redshift of 0.8 and 0.87, with 15 and 13\% of unknown redshifts respectively for the bright and faint samples. In the redshift range 0.6<z<1.2, for the most secure spectroscopic redshifts, the mean redshift for the bright and faint sample is 0.85 and 0.9 respectively. Star contamination is lower than 2\%. We measure a galaxy bias averaged on scales of 1 and 10~Mpc/h of 1.72 \pm 0.1 for the bright sample and of 1.78 \pm 0.12 for the faint sample. The error on the galaxy bias have been obtained propagating the errors in the correlation function to the fitted parameters. This redshift evolution for the galaxy bias is in agreement with theoretical expectations for a galaxy population with MB-5\log h < -21.0. We note that biasing is derived from the galaxy clustering relative to a model for the mass fluctuations. We investigate the quality of the DES photometric redshifts and find that the outlier fraction can be reduced using a comparison between template fitting and neural network, or using a random forest algorithm

Transverse momentum dependence of J/psi polarization at midrapidity in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV

We report the measurement of the transverse momentum dependence of inclusive J/psi polarization in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV performed by the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC. The polarization is studied in the helicity, Gottfried-Jackson, and Collins-Soper frames for p_T < 5 GeV/c and |y| < 0.35. The J/psi polarization in the helicity and Gottfried-Jackson frames is consistent with zero for all transverse momenta, with a slight (1.8 sigma) trend towards longitudinal polarization for transverse momenta above 2 GeV/c. No conclusion is allowed due to the limited acceptance in the Collins-Soper frame and the uncertainties of the current data. The results are compared to observations for other collision systems and center of mass energies and to different quarkonia production models.Comment: 384 authors from 62 institutions, 11 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. v2 is expanded version submitted to Physical Review D. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures are available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Azimuthal anisotropy of neutral pion production in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV: Path-length dependence of jet quenching and the role of initial geometry

We have measured the azimuthal anisotropy of pi0's for 1 < pT < 18 GeV/c for Au+Au collisions at sqrt s_NN = 200 GeV. The observed anisotropy shows a gradual decrease in 3 < pT < 7 - 10 GeV/c, but remains positive beyond 10 GeV/c. The magnitude of this anisotropy is under-predicted, up to at least 10 GeV/c, by current perturbative QCD (pQCD) energy-loss model calculations. An estimate of the increase in anisotropy expected from initial-geometry modification due to gluon saturation effects and initial-geometry fluctuations is insufficient to account for this discrepancy. Calculations which implement a path length dependence steeper than what is implied by current pQCD energy-loss models, show reasonable agreement with the data.Comment: 384 authors, 6 pages text, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

High p_T Direct Photon and pi^0 Triggered Azimuthal Jet Correlations in sqrt(s)=200 GeV p+p Collisions

Correlations of charged hadrons of 1 < pT < 10 GeV/c with high pT direct photons and pi^ 0 mesons in the range 5 <pT < 15 GeV/c are used to study jet fragmentation in the photon+jet and di-jet channels, respectively. The magnitude of the partonic transverse momentum, kT, is obtained by comparing to a model incorporating a Gaussian kT smearing. The sensitivity of the associated charged hadron spectra to the underlying fragmentation function is tested and the data are compared to calculations using recent global fit results. The shape of the direct photon-associated hadron spectrum as well as its charge asymmetry are found to be consistent with a sample dominated by quark-gluon Compton scattering. No significant evidence of fragmentation photon correlated production is observed within experimental uncertainties.Comment: 431 authors, 18 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables, RevTeX-4. Submitted to Physical Review D. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Viscerotropic disease: case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

Viscerotropic disease (VTD) is defined as acute multiple organ system dysfunction that occurs following vaccination. The severity of VTD ranges from relatively mild multisystem disease to severe multiple organ system failure and death. The term VTD was first used shortly after the initial published reports in 2001 of febrile multiple organ system failure following yellow fever (YF) vaccination. To date, VTD has been reported only in association with YF vaccine and has been thus referred to as YF vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD)

Photometric redshifts and clustering of emission line galaxies selected jointly by DES and eBOSS

We present the results of the first observations of the emission line galaxies (ELG) of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. From the total 9000 targets, 4600 have been selected from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). In this subsample, the total success rate for redshifts between 0.6 and 1.2 is 71 and 68 per cent for a bright and a faint samples, respectively, including redshifts measured from a single strong emission line. The mean redshift is 0.80 for the bright and 0.87 for the faint sample, while the percentage of unknown redshifts is 15 and 13 per cent, respectively. In both cases, the star contamination is lower than 2 per cent. We evaluate how well the ELG redshifts are measured using the target selection photometry and validating with the spectroscopic redshifts measured by eBOSS. We explore different techniques to reduce the photometric redshift outliers fraction with a comparison between the template fitting, the neural networks and the random forest methods. Finally, we study the clustering properties of the DES SVA1 ELG samples. We select only the most secure spectroscopic redshift in the redshift range 0.6 < z < 1.2, leading to a mean redshift for the bright and faint sample of 0.85 and 0.90, respectively. We measure the projected angular correlation function and obtain a galaxy bias averaging on scales from 1 to 10 Mpc h−1 of 1.58 ± 0.10 for the bright sample and 1.65 ± 0.12 for the faint sample. These values are representative of a galaxy population with MB − log(h) < −20.5, in agreement with what we measure by fitting galaxy templates to the photometric data

Impact of common cardio-metabolic risk factors on fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease in Latin America and the Caribbean: An individual-level pooled analysis of 31 cohort studies

Background: Estimates of the burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) rely on relative risks (RRs) from non-LAC countries. Whether these RRs apply to LAC remains unknown. Methods: We pooled LAC cohorts. We estimated RRs per unit of exposure to body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC) and non-HDL cholesterol on fatal (31 cohorts, n=168,287) and non-fatal (13 cohorts, n=27,554) cardiovascular diseases, adjusting for regression dilution bias. We used these RRs and national data on mean risk factor levels to estimate the number of cardiovascular deaths attributable to non-optimal levels of each risk factor. Results: Our RRs for SBP, FPG and TC were like those observed in cohorts conducted in high-income countries; however, for BMI, our RRs were consistently smaller in people below 75 years of age. Across risk factors, we observed smaller RRs among older ages. Non-optimal SBP was responsible for the largest number of attributable cardiovascular deaths ranging from 38 per 100,000 women and 54 men in Peru, to 261 (Dominica, women) and 282 (Guyana, men). For non-HDL cholesterol, the lowest attributable rate was for women in Peru (21) and men in Guatemala (25), and the largest in men (158) and women (142) from Guyana. Interpretation: RRs for BMI from studies conducted in high-income countries may overestimate disease burden metrics in LAC; conversely, RRs for SBP, FPG and TC from LAC cohorts are similar to those estimated from cohorts in high-income countries. Funding: Wellcome Trust (214185/Z/18/Z)Fil: Carrillo Larco, Rodrigo M.. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Stern, Dalia. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica (insp);Fil: Hambleton, Ian R.. The University Of The West Indies; BarbadosFil: Hennis, Anselm. Pan American Health Organization; Estados UnidosFil: Cesare, Mariachiara Di. Middlesex University; Reino UnidoFil: Lotufo, Paulo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ferreccio, Catterina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Irazola, Vilma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Argentina. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Perel, Pablo. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Reino UnidoFil: Gregg, Edward W. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Miranda, J. Jaime. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Ezzati, Majid. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Danaei, Goodarz. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Aguilar Salinas, Carlos A.. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición; MéxicoFil: Alvarez Váz, Ramón. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Amadio, Marselle B.. Centro Universitario Senac Santo Amaro; BrasilFil: Baccino, Cecilia. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Bambs, Claudia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Bastos, João Luiz. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Beckles, Gloria. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados UnidosFil: Bernabe Ortiz, Antonio. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Bernardo, Carla DO. University of Adelaide; AustraliaFil: Bloch, Katia V.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Blümel, Juan E.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Boggia, Jose G.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Borges, Pollyanna K.. Universidade Estadual do Ponta Grossa; BrasilFil: Bravo, Miguel. MELISA Institute; ChileFil: Brenes Camacho, Gilbert. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa RicaFil: Carbajal, Horacio A.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Castillo Rascón, María Susana. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Argentin