Self interest and justice principle

We introduce non-enforceable property rights over bargaining surplus in a dictator game with production, in which the effort of the agents is differentially rewarded. Using experimental data we elicit individual preferences over the egalitarian, the accountability and the libertarian principle and provide evidence to support the inability of these justice principles to account for the observed behavior. Although this finding is consistent with the idea of individuals interpreting justice principles differently, we show that dictators behave self-interested concerning redistribution and choose which justice principle best maximizes their own payoff. We interpret this result as the justice norm imposing a constraint on otherwise self-maximizing agents.dictator game, justice principles, self-interest, self-serving bias.

Factores que influyen en el proceso de mercadotecnia que implementan los restaurantes del área urbana de la ciudad de Estelí en el año 2011

Estelí es una ciudad con un amplio desarrollo comercial, en comparación con los demás municipios de la región norte del país. Esto le ha permitido la conformación de empresas de servicio dedicadas al sector restaurantero. Las empresas de servicio restaurantero de la ciudad de Estelí, están trabajando enfocadas en su producción y muy poco en el mercado. En su mayoría carecen de áreas específicas de mercadotecnia, dejando esta función a las áreas administrativas, e incluso en manos de medios de comunicación externos a la empresa

Benchmarking Particle Filter Algorithms for Efficient Velodyne-Based Vehicle Localization

Keeping a vehicle well-localized within a prebuilt-map is at the core of any autonomous vehicle navigation system. In this work, we show that both standard SIR sampling and rejection-based optimal sampling are suitable for efficient (10 to 20 ms) real-time pose tracking without feature detection that is using raw point clouds from a 3D LiDAR. Motivated by the large amount of information captured by these sensors, we perform a systematic statistical analysis of how many points are actually required to reach an optimal ratio between efficiency and positioning accuracy. Furthermore, initialization from adverse conditions, e.g., poor GPS signal in urban canyons, we also identify the optimal particle filter settings required to ensure convergence. Our findings include that a decimation factor between 100 and 200 on incoming point clouds provides a large savings in computational cost with a negligible loss in localization accuracy for a VLP-16 scanner. Furthermore, an initial density of ∼2 particles/m 2 is required to achieve 100% convergence success for large-scale (∼100,000 m 2 ), outdoor global localization without any additional hint from GPS or magnetic field sensors. All implementations have been released as open-source software

Comercio informal: un caso en Ensenada, Baja California

La informalidad es un fenómeno persistente en México que viene incrementándose a partir de las crisis y el precario crecimiento económico. Mientras a nivel federal el gobierno intenta reducirla mediante distintas estrategias de política, los gobiernos locales parecen incentivarla al incrementar la autorización de permisos para comercio ambulante; al menos eso parece suceder en el municipio de Ensenada, Baja California. De ahí surge el interés de estudiar y caracterizar la economía informal en la zona urbana a partir del padrón de comerciantes de la Dirección de Alcoholes, Espectáculos y Comercio. Para ello se diseña una investigación no experimental, un cuestionario y una guía de entrevistas. Los sujetos de estudio están representados por los comerciantes, personal de gobierno y las asociaciones empresariales.Informality is a persistent phenomenon in Mexico that has been increasing since the crisis of poor economic growth. Mean while at the federal level, the government tries to reduce it through its policies, local governments seem to encourage it by increasing the issuance of permits for street trading, at least that happens in the city of Ensenada, Baja California, here the interest in studying and characterizing informal economy in the urban area from the listing of the Dirección de Alcoholes, Espectáculos y Comercio. For this purpose a non-experimental research, a questionnaire and interview guide was developed. The study subjects are the vendors, government and business associations personal

El dolor en la teoría y práctica médicas de Galeno

El objeto del trabajo es establecer el papel que desempeñó el dolor en la medicina galénica, especialmente en el seno de su complejo esquema semiológico. Afirmamos que el dolor siempre fue entendido por Galeno como dolor biológico (1). No es que Galeno ignorase o despreciase el dolor moral, al cual él como médico asistía diariamente, sino que entendió a este último como algo físico o somático. En efecto, tanto el dolor físico como el moral tenían su última justificación en la contextura humoral del cuerpo, de la que dependían tanto el fisiologismo de sus partes como la propia vida psíquica e incluso moral del hombre (2). El radical somaticismo de Galeno pocas veces se hizo tan manifiesto como en su doctrina del dolor. En ésta se observa una completa disociacióri entre los estados afectivos y la sintomatología orgánica, si bien esta afirmación tiene que ser necesariamente matizada, ya que existen en los escritos galénicos enfermedades somáticas producidas por los estados psicológicos. Hay una diferencia radical, en este aspecto, entre la patogenia galénica y la actual: mientras que hoy día estudiamos cualquier proceso morboso como el resultado de una interacción entre soma ypsykhcí; Galeno la entendió únicamente desde el punto de vista somiitico, siendo las perturbaciones del alma una de las cosas no naturales en las que clasificó las causas del enfermar (3)

Stem hydraulic capacitance decreases with drought stress : implications for modelling tree hydraulics in the Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex

Hydraulic modelling is a primary tool to predict plant performance in future drier scenarios. However, as most tree models are validated under non-stress conditions they may fail when water becomes limiting. To simulate tree hydraulic functioning under moist and dry conditions, the current version of a water flow and storage mechanistic model was further developed by implementing equations that describe variation in xylem hydraulic resistance (RX) and stem hydraulic capacitance (CS) with predawn water potential (ΨPD). The model was applied in a Mediterranean forest experiencing intense summer drought, where six Quercus ilex trees were instrumented to monitor stem diameter variations and sap flow, concurrently with measurements of predawn and midday leaf water potential. Best model performance was observed when CS was allowed to decrease with decreasing ΨPD. Hydraulic capacitance decreased from 62 to 25 kg m-3 MPa-1 across the growing season. In parallel, tree transpiration decreased to a greater extent than the capacitive water release and the contribution of stored water to transpiration increased from 2.0% to 5.1%. Our results demonstrate the importance of stored water and seasonality in CS for tree hydraulic functioning, and they suggest that CS should be considered to predict the drought-response of trees with models

Geometry, Sortition and Politics: Jacques Rancière between Cornelius Castoriadis and Bernard Manin

Este artículo pretende situar el sorteo en la filosofía política de Jacques Rancière. El sorteo está vinculado con una reflexión de un enorme calado filosófico sobre la igualdad aritmética y la igualdad geométrica. Partiendo de un importante trabajo de Cornelius Castoriadis al respecto, analizaremos a continuación la relación de la filosofía política de Rancière con la igualdad. Por último, nos ocuparemos del sorteo y del lugar que ocupa en su obra. El trabajo de Bernard Manin sobre las democracias antiguas y los sistemas de gobierno representativo nos ayudará a contextualizar las propuestas de Rancière sobre el recurso a la selección aleatoria en política.This paper analyses the place of sortition in the political philosophy of Jacques Rancière. The idea of sortition is linked to a philosophical reflection on arithmetic equality and geometric equality. Thus, starting from an important work of Cornelius Castoriadis in this sense, we will analyze below the relationship of Rancière’s political philosophy with equality. Finally we will analyze the sortition and the place it occupies in his work. Bernard Manin’s work on ancient democracies and systems of representative government will help us contextualize Rancière’s proposals on the use of random selection in politic

A Discussion on the Application of Terminology for Urban Soil Sealing Mitigation Practices

Soil sealing is one of the most serious environmental problems today regarding its impact on cities. This article presents an analysis of the different urban practices currently used to mitigate the effects of soil sealing in urban areas. The main typologies, characteristics, differences, similarities and objectives have been considered. The practices analyzed were SuDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems), LIDs (Low Impact Developments), BMPs (Best Management Practices), WSUD (Water Sensitive Urban Design), GI (Green Infrastructure), and NbS (Nature-based Solutions). To understand the impact of these terms, an analysis of their presence in the scientific literature over the last 10 years is carried out. The results indicate that the trend in the use of these terms is increasing, with the number of articles having doubled in the last 10 years. This indicates the importance that the problem of soil sealing has acquired in the world, and the relevant environmental benefits of addressing it

Stress, Burnout, and Resilience: Are Teachers at Risk?

It is increasingly common to find alarming news related to tragic events occurring in schools around the world. Being able to deal with these situations without getting hurt is a task not suitable for everyone. In general, teachers are the ones who must deal with this type of situation in addition to other daily problems that appear in any classroom that make the level of stress to which they are subjected can become dangerous. This research aims to know the current situation of teachers in a region of southeastern Spain in terms of their level of work stress, resilience, and other associated variables, for which an ex post facto quantitative approach study was designed. For this purpose, an ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire, and questions based on the Teaching and Learning International Survey of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale were applied. The participating sample consisted of 470 teachers. The main findings were that 6% of teachers had burnout (high emotional exhaustion, high cynicism, and low professional effectiveness simultaneously). Resilience correlated inversely with stress, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, excessive teaching, and difficulty maintaining classroom discipline. In conclusion, knowing the needs of teachers allows us to reflect on what kind of prevention and intervention programs are necessary to improve the well-being of teachers and thus improve the quality of education

Prevención de úlceras por presión y lesiones musculoesqueléticas: paciente con ictus

Planteamos un caso clínico en el que enfermera y fisioterapeuta ponen en común procedimientos para mejorar la higiene postural de un paciente encamado con un accidente cerebrovascular y hemiplejia izquierda. Describimos analíticamente una intervención conjunta durante un mes. A pesar de que se ha mantenido el riesgo máximo de UPP objetivado inicialmente, durante este periodo no han aparecido úlceras, obteniendo un mantenimiento o aumento del rango de las articulaciones. Es importante un trabajo multidisciplinar que evite la aparición de úlceras por decúbito y de futuras lesiones musculoesqueléticas que dificultarían la posterior reeducación funcional del paciente