THE EVALUATION PROCESS: BASIS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PSYCHIATRIC NURSING TEACHING

No presente trabalho são feitas algumas considerações sobre o tema avaliação no ensino, pontuando fundamentos teóricos que subsidiaram uma proposta de roteiro para avaliar os alunos que cursam as disciplinas que enfatizam os aspectos psíquicos do paciente, especificamente a enfermagem psiquiátrica.This paper presents some considerations about evaluation in teaching in order to point out theoretical statements that gave basis to a guideline proposed to evaluate the students on the courses which emphasize the psycho aspects of patients, especially the psychiatric nursing course

O CONHECIMENTO DOS ALUNOS DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE ÁLCOOL E DROGAS

RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi apresentar o conhecimento dos alunos de graduação de enfermagem sobre álcool e drogas. Pesquisa realizada em 1998 na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto – USP cujos resultados mostram que a maioria não se lembrava ou aparentemente não presenciou as aulas quando o tema foi abordado; nunca atendeu dependente químico; responderam corretamente os conceitos de dependência química, tolerância e abstinência; afirmaram que o tema deve ser inserido no currículo. Conclui-se que os conhecimentos adquiridos pelos alunos apresentam deficiências nos conteúdos ou na forma de abordagem, pois os dados sugerem que não foram incorporados adequadamente, embora os alunos revelaram interesse pelo tema. PALAVRAS - CHAVE: Álcool; Drogas; Ensino de Enfermagem

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Nucleic Acids Exhibiting Sterically Accessible Guanines Using Ruthenium-Polypyridyl Reagents

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Martínez-Calvo, M.; Guerrini, L.; Rodríguez, J.; Álvarez Puebla, R. A.; Mascareñas, J. L. (2020), Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Nucleic Acids exhibiting Sterically Accessible Guanines using Ruthenium-polypyridyl Reagents. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 11: 7218–7223, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02148. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with ACS Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsHere, we report the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy as a rapid and practical tool for assessing the formation of coordinative adducts between nucleic acid guanines and ruthenium polypyridyl reagents. The technology provides a practical approach for the wash-free and quick identification of nucleic acid structures exhibiting sterically accessible guanines. This is demonstrated for the detection of a quadruplex-forming sequence present in the promoter region of the c-myc oncogene, which exhibits a nonpaired, reactive guanine at a flanking position of the G-quartetsWe are thankful for the financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022, ED431G 2019/03) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund – ERDF). We also acknowledge the support given by the Spanish Grant SAF2013-41943-R and SAF2016-76689-R, the Xunta de Galicia (Grants 2015-CP082, ED431C 2017/19,), the Spanish Ministry de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2017-88648R and RYC-2016-20331), the Generalitat de Cataluña (2017SGR883), the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (2019PFR-URV-B2-02), the Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Banco Santander (2017EXIT-08), and the European Research Council (Advanced Grant No. 340055). M.M.-C. thanks the Ministerio de Economı́a y Competitividad for the Postdoctoral fellowship (IJCI-2014-19326) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Ministerio de Universidades for the Distinguished Researcher contract “Beatriz Galindo” (BEAGAL18/00144). J.R. thanks Xunta de Galicia for her predoctoral fellowshipS

Interleukin 18 maintains a long-standing inflammation in coeliac disease patients

Producción CientíficaDietary gluten induces an early response in the intestine of coeliac disease patients (CD), within a few hours, and this is driven by high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFNg and IL-15, as has been thoroughly shown by gluten stimulation of biopsy explants. Our aim was to identify the immune mediators involved in the long-standing inflammation in untreated CD patients at diagnosis. mRNA and protein levels of TNFa, IL-12(p35), IL-12(p40), IL-15, IL-18 and IL-23(p19) were quantified in biopsies from active CD patients, CD patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD), healthy controls, and patients with non-CD inflammation and mild histological changes in the intestine. Biopsies from CD patients on a GFD were also stimulated in vitro with gliadin, and protein expression of IL-15 and IL-18 was analysed. Levels of IL-12 and IL-23 mRNA are nearly absent, and TNFa levels remain unchanged among different groups. Both the active and inactive forms of IL-18 protein have been found in all samples from active CD, and protein expression was only localized within the crypts. Levels of IL-15 mRNA remain unchanged, and protein expression, localized within the lamina propria, is found in a small number of samples. In vitro stimulation with gluten induces the expression of IL-15 and IL-18. In active CD, the early response following gluten intake characterized by high IFNg levels is driven by IL-18, and probably IL-15, and this alternates with periods of long-standing inflammation with moderate IFNg levels, maintained by IL-18 alone

BMP-7 attenuates left ventricular remodelling under pressure overload and facilitates reverse remodelling and functional recovery

Aims TGF-ß regulates tissue fibrosis: TGF-ß promotes fibrosis, whereas bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 is antifibrotic. To demonstrate that (i) left ventricular (LV) remodelling after pressure overload is associated with disequilibrium in the signalling mediated by these cytokines, and (ii) BMP-7 exerts beneficial effects on LV remodelling and reverse remodelling. Methods and results We studied patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and TAC release (de-TAC). LV morphology and function were assessed by echocardiography. LV biopsies were analysed by qPCR, immunoblotting, and histology. Pressure overload reduced BMP-7 and pSmad1/5/8 and increased TGF-ß and pSmad2/3 in AS patients and TAC mice. BMP-7 correlated inversely with collagen, fibronectin, and ß-MHC expressions, and with hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, and directly with the systolic function. Multiple linear regression disclosed BMP-7 and TGF-ß as hypertrophy predictors, negative and positive, respectively. BMP-7 prevented TGF-ß-elicited hypertrophic program in cardiomyocytes, and Col1A1 promoter activity in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. The treatment of TAC mice with rBMP-7 attenuated the development of structural damage and dysfunction, and halted ongoing remodelling. The reverse remodelling after pressure overload release was facilitated by rBMP-7, and hampered by disrupting BMP-7 function using a neutralizing antibody or genetic deletion. Conclusion The disequilibrium between BMP-7 and TGF-ß signals plays a relevant role in the LV remodelling response to haemodynamic stress in TAC mice and AS patients. Our observations may provide new important insights aimed at developing novel therapies designed to prevent, halt, or reverse LV pathological remodelling in pressure overload cardiomyopathy

Evaluación del serodiagnóstico en el absceso hepático amebiano

fase de la evaluación. El estudio de este grupo nos ayudaría a obtener valores reales de sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos y nos darían una estimación real de la capacidad discriminatoria de la prueba para obtener el verdadero valor del área bajo la curva y no el casi ideal que informamos aquí. Summary This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a serological test for amebic liver abscess (ALA) in an endemic amoebiasis area. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect specific IgG against Entamoeba histolytica using a solid phase with high adherent capacity was applied.El presente estudio fue diseñado para evaluar la eficacia del diagnóstico serológico del absceso hepático amibiano (AHA). Se utilizó una prueba de ELISA para la detección en suero de IgG especifica, utilizando una fase sólida con una alta capacidad de adherencia. Se estudiaron 147 personas; 22 pacientes con sospecha clínica y ultrasonográfica de AHA, 30 individuos completamente sanos, 9 portadores asintomáticos de E. histolytica, 35 con colitis amebiana pasada, 35 con otras parasitosis intestinales, 9 con otras patologías hepáticas y 6 con colitis amebiana presente. El rendimiento global de la prueba fue analizado por medio de las curvas del receptor-operador y del área bajo la curva. Se determinó que existe una diferencia significativa en la densidad óptica (DO) de los siete grupos estudiados (Kruskal-Wallis entre todos los grupos: p=0,0001); esta diferencia no existe cuando, al comparar, se elimina el grupo 1 del análisis (Kruskal-Wallis exceptuando el grupo 1: p=0,8203). El área bajo la curva ROC fue igual a 0,9941, dato muy cercano al ideal que es 1. Se recomienda la utilización de esta fase sólida teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la fase de bloqueo con albúmina de huevo. Se determinó que, a pesar de estar en una zona donde el diagnóstico de amebiasis es frecuente, las infecciones intestinales por esta ameba no presentan niveles detectables de IgG especifica contra E. histolytica por esta prueba. Sin embargo, es importante ampliar la cantidad de personas estudiadas en estos grupos, principalmente, en el grupo de pacientes con otras patologías hepáticas puesto que este grupo incluye las entidades clínicas con las que realmente se debe hacer el diagnóstico diferencial de (AHA) (absceso hepático piógeno (AHP), principalmente) para poder realizar la última fase de la evaluación. El estudio de este grupo nos ayudaría a obtener valores reales de sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos y nos darían una estimación real de la capacidad discriminatoria de la prueba para obtener el verdadero valor del área bajo la curva y no el casi ideal que informamos aquí

Comportamiento productivo y reproductivo de vacas y novillas Holstein en lactancia inducida.

Se evaluó el tratamiento corto de Smith y Schanbacher, con algunas modificaciones en tiempo y en hormonas, para inducir la lactancia en vacas difíciles de preñar. También se evaluó el uso de estrógenos en la inducción de la lactancia en novillas con el mismo problema. Se utilizaron 8 vacas y 8 novillas, a las primeras se les aplicó intramuscularmente 17-alfa-estradiol y progesterona por 10 días consecutivos. 4 vacas tomadas al azar se inyectaron con dexametazona en los días 18 a 20 del tratamiento. En las novillas se intentó la inducción con inyecciones intramusculares de 17-alfa-estradiol, 2 veces a la semana durante 4 semanas. Las lactaciones fueron inducidas exitosamente en 6 de 8 vacas y en 2 de 8 novillas. La producción de leche de las vacas inducidas exitosamente fue el 77.8 por ciento de las de sus contemporáneas del hato y el 89.4 por ciento de su lactancia natural anterior. Solo en 2 de las novillas la producción diaria de leche fue mayor de 5 kg. Las inyecciones de dexametazona incrementaron la cantidad de leche en un 43.6 por ciento y el número de éxitos en la inducción en un 100 por ciento. La respuesta ovárica fue afectada adversamente en 8 de 15 animales tratados con hormonas y en 6 de 8 hembras inducidas exitosamente. Estos animales pasaron de un estado de ciclando a un estado quístico con el tratamiento hormona

Methodological Approaches to Radon in Water Measurements: Comparative Experiences between Romania and Spain

The EC Directive 2013/51/EURATOM of 22 October 2013 represents the first time that a radon limit for drinking water has been proposed. Transposition of this Directive into Spanish legislation was by means of the recent RD 314/2016 which sets a limit value of 500 Bq l?1 for radon (222Rn) in water for human consumption while that in Romanian legislation the Law 301/2015 provides a limit value of 100 Bq l-1 for 222Rn concentration in water for human consumption as well as a total effective dose of 0.1 mSv y-1 from all radionuclides present in water (same dose value established by Spanish law). For several years, both in Romania and in Spain, there have been campaigns to measure the concentration of 222Rn in waters of different origins in order to determine the possible exposure of the population through this irradiation path, and also to use the presence of radon dissolved in water as a source of indoor radon in thermal spa facilities, and also as a tracer of dynamic processes (C. Sainy et al., Sci. Tot. Envir. 543, 460 (2016); 1). In this article, an assessment of the results from measurement campaigns in both countries will be presented and compared. In addition, the different measurement techniques used will be described, and the description of an intercomparison exercise on radon measurement in water organized by the Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory of the University of Cantabria (LaRUC) will be presented, in order to evaluate the quality of the performance of the techniques used.This work was partially supported by the project ID P_37_229, Contract No. 22/01.09.2016, with the title Smart Systems for Public Safety through Control and Mitigation of Residential Radon linked with Energy Efficiency Optimization of Buildings in Romanian Major Urban Agglomerations SMART-RAD-EN of the POC Programme

Disminución de la reserva de flujo coronario en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca no isquémica

Introduction and objectives. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is impaired not only in ischemic heart disease, but also in cardiac diseases that may or may not course with heart failure. The aim of the present study was to determine if the severity of heart failure can influence CFR impairment. Methods. Forty patients with non-ischemic heart disease and heart failure were studied 41 times. Four groups were established: 1. 10 patients in functional class III-IV; 2. 10 patients in functional class II not taking beta-blockers; 3. 11 patients in class II treated with carvedilol, and 4. 10 patients in class I. These patients had a history of heart failure and systolic dysfunction. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and N-13 ammonia at rest (r) and during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion. Results. MBF and CFR were significantly higher in group 4 (1.95 ± 0.58 and 2.40 ± 0.95 ml/min/g) than in group 1 (1.02 ± 0.52 and 1.46 ± 0.48 ml/min/g). CFR tended to be higher in groups 2 (1.73 ± 0.72), and 3 (1.89 ± 0.75) vs group 1. No significant correlation was found between CFR and the following variables: age, systolic blood pressure, ventricular mass index, ventricular volume indexes, and ejection fraction. Conclusions. Coronary microvascular function is impaired in non-ischemic heart failure, and the impairment is related to functional class, regardless of the underlying responsible heart disease