A vantagem em casa no futebol: comparação entre Copa Libertadores da América e UEFA Champions League

The home advantage in soccer: comparision between Libertadores of American Cup and UEFA Champions LeagueThe objective of this study was to compare the home advantage (HA) in Libertadores of American Cup (LAC) and UEFA Champions League (UCL). We analyzed all matches of group phase (n = 1536) from 2004 to 2011 seasons. To quantify the HA, we use the methodology of recovery percentage points, proposed by POLLARD3, considered HA, values greater than 50%. There were a significant difference (p = 0.010) between LAC (67.8 ± 4%) and UCL (60.5 ± 5%). The magnitude of the mean (mean difference = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.020 to 0.127) was large (h2 = 0.35). We concluded that the HA was higher in LAC than in UCL in this seasons and the factors such as altitude, distance traveled fans characteristics and referee behavior it will be able to help to explain this phenomenon in future studies.O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a vantagem em casa (VC) entre Copa Libertadores da América (CLA) e UEFA Champions League (UCL). Foram analisadas todas as partidas da fase de grupos (n = 1536) das temporadas 2004 a 2011. Para quantificar a VC, foi utilizada a metodologia de aproveitamento percentual de pontos proposta por POLLARD3, sendo considerado VC valores maiores que 50%. Houve diferença significativa (p = 0,010) para a VC na CLA (67,8 ± 4%) em relação a UCL (60,5 ± 5%). A magnitude das diferenças das médias (diferença média = 0,73; IC 95%: 0,020 a 0,127) foi grande (h2 = 0,35). Conclui-se que a VC foi maior na CLA do que na UCL nas temporadas analisadas e que fatores como altitude, distância de viagem, característica das torcidas e comportamento arbitral poderá ajudar a explicar esse fenômeno em futuros estudos

Differences between 48 and 72-hour intervals on match load and subsequent recovery: a report from the Brazilian under-20 national football team

PurposeTo compare the external and internal load and subsequent recovery of football players after international tournament matches separated by 48 h vs. 72 h.MethodsA total of 14 male football players from the Brazilian National Team, competing in the 2019 South American Under-20 Championship, participated in the study. Match load was quantified using GPS variables and perceived exertion ratings (1). Additionally, before and 13–15 h after each match, players answered questions about the number of hours and quality of sleep, recovery status, and muscle soreness (0–10) and provided a blood sample for creatine kinase and reactive C-protein analysis. Values of all variables were compared between matches played with 48-h intervals (matches 1–4) and 72-h intervals (matches 5–8).ResultsNo significant differences in performance or perceptual parameters were observed between matches (p = 0.136–0.953). However, CK was higher in matches 1–4 compared to matches 5 and 6; and ΔPCR was higher in matches 2 and 3 compared to matches 5 and 6, and in match 4 compared to matches 5 and 8.ConclusionsAfter matches with a 48-h rest interval, players showed increased markers of inflammation and muscle damage compared to matches with a 72-h rest interval

Differences between 48 and 72-hour intervals on match load and subsequent recovery: a report from the Brazilian under-20 national football team.

To compare the external and internal load and subsequent recovery of football players after international tournament matches separated by 48 h vs. 72 h. A total of 14 male football players from the Brazilian National Team, competing in the 2019 South American Under-20 Championship, participated in the study. Match load was quantified using GPS variables and perceived exertion ratings (1). Additionally, before and 13-15 h after each match, players answered questions about the number of hours and quality of sleep, recovery status, and muscle soreness (0-10) and provided a blood sample for creatine kinase and reactive C-protein analysis. Values of all variables were compared between matches played with 48-h intervals (matches 1-4) and 72-h intervals (matches 5-8). No significant differences in performance or perceptual parameters were observed between matches (  = 0.136-0.953). However, CK was higher in matches 1-4 compared to matches 5 and 6; and PCR was higher in matches 2 and 3 compared to matches 5 and 6, and in match 4 compared to matches 5 and 8. After matches with a 48-h rest interval, players showed increased markers of inflammation and muscle damage compared to matches with a 72-h rest interval

Influência da música e comando verbal no desempenho de exercícios de abdominais “Crunch”

BACKGROUND: The practice of physical exercises has become more and more frequent, as well as external motivational strategies during their performance, such as music or other auditory resources. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of musical and verbal stimuli when compared to silence, without interference of sound or speech on performance during the abdominal crunch. METHODS: Third young volunteers participated in the study, 15 males and 15 females, trained for at least 6 months in bodybuilding, mean age 23.7±3.0 without intercurrence of injuries in the region abdominal. The volunteers were submitted to the execution of sit-ups “crunch”, these being on the random influence of three situations in the test: 1) Musical Stimulus; 2) Verbal Stimulation; 3) Silence. At the end of the application of each test, the volunteers responded to the Adapted Scale of Perceived Exertion. RESULTS: Without specifying one of the variables, comparing between genders, men performed better than women (p<0.05), however, between groups, the stimuli “silence”, “music” and “verbal command” did not showed significant effect (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Music and verbal commands do not influence performance while performing abdominal exercises.INTRODUÇÃO: A prática de exercícios físicos tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente, assim como estratégias motivacionais externas durante a realização dos mesmos como as músicas ou outros recursos auditivos. OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência de estímulos musicais e verbais quando comparados ao silêncio, sem interferência de som ou fala no desempenho durante a realização do abdominal “crunch”. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 30 voluntários jovens, sendo estes 15 indivíduos do sexo masculino e 15 indivíduos do sexo feminino, treinados a pelo menos 6 meses na modalidade de musculação, média de idade 23,7±3,0 sem intercorrência de lesões na região abdominal. Os voluntários foram submetidos à realização de abdominais “crunch”, sendo estes sobre a influência aleatória a três situações no teste: 1) Estímulo Musical; 2) Estímulo Verbal; 3) Silêncio. Ao final da aplicação de cada teste, os voluntários responderam a Escala Adaptada de Percepção subjetiva de Esforço. RESULTADOS: Sem a especificação de uma das variáveis, comparando entre gênero, os homens apresentaram melhor desempenho que as mulheres (p<0,05), no entanto entre grupos, os estímulos “silêncio”, “música” e “comando verbal” não apresentaram efeito significativo (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A música e o comando verbal não demonstram influência no desempenho durante a realização de exercícios abdominais

Perfil do Personal Trainer e sua percepção sobre a avaliação física antes de iniciar um programa de treinamento

BACKGROUND: Physical Exercise (PE) is today a primary source in the search for a better quality of life and health, fighting sedentary lifestyle and bringing benefits related to its practice. Regular exercise can reduce the development of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and hypertension. In addition, it promotes the loss of fat mass, develops cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and endurance, reduces depression and improves cognitive functions. However, many people cannot adhere to a PE program without the help of the Personal Trainer, who is a Physical Education professional (PEF) responsible for individualized training and also for evaluating/re-evaluating the health conditions of individuals in order to propose adequate PE. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile of the Personal Trainer in the city of Divinópolis and the importance of primary physical assessment of its students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 40 PEF, mean age of 33.7±7.52 years who worked as a Personal Trainer. A previously structured questionnaire was applied, with 24 questions prepared by the authors. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation were performed using the Microsoft Office Excel program. RESULTS: Among those surveyed, 67.5% (n=27) were women, 50% (n=20) have been in the market for more than 10 years and only 45% (n=18) have specialization. As for the physical evaluation before the beginning of the training, 95% (n=38) of the professionals demand or do the evaluation and 85% (n=34) see great importance and try to make a complete and detailed evaluation. CONCLUSION: The professionals have been working in the follow-up for more than 10 years, serve a diverse audience, have the gyms as their main place of action and have partnerships with other health professionals. Most participants consider the primary physical assessment of their students to be of paramount importance and perform it before the start of training.INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício físico (EF) é hoje fonte primária na busca por maior qualidade de vida e saúde, combatendo o sedentarismo e trazendo benefícios relacionados à sua prática. O EF regular pode atuar reduzindo o desenvolvimento de doença coronariana, acidente vascular cerebral, diabetes, dislipidemia, síndrome metabólica e hipertensão. Além disso, promove a perda da massa gorda, desenvolve a aptidão cardiorrespiratória, a força e resistência muscular, atua na redução de depressão e melhora as funções cognitivas. Porém muitas pessoas não conseguem aderir a um programa de EF sem o auxílio do Personal Trainer, que é um profissional de Educação Física (PEF) responsável pelo treinamento individualizado e também por avaliar/reavaliar as condições de saúde dos indivíduos a fim de propor EF adequado. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil do Personal Trainer na cidade de Divinópolis e a importância da avaliação física primária de seus alunos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 40 PEF, idade média de 33,7±7,52 anos que atuavam como Personal Trainer. Foi aplicado um questionário previamente estruturado, com 24 perguntas elaboradas pelos autores. Na análise dos dados, foi realizada a estatística descritiva, média e desvio padrão, utilizando o programa Microsoft Office Excel. RESULTADOS: Dentre os pesquisados, 67,5% (n=27) eram mulheres, 50% (n=20) estão no mercado a mais de 10 anos e apenas 45% (n=18) possuem especialização. Quanto a avaliação física antes do início do treinamento, 95% (n=38) dos profissionais exigem ou fazem a avaliação e 85% (n=34) vê grande importância e procura fazer uma avaliação completa e detalhada. CONCLUSÃO: Os profissionais atuam no seguimento há mais de 10 anos, atendem um público diversificado, têm as academias como principal local de atuação e possuem parcerias com outros profissionais da saúde. A maioria dos participantes consideram a avaliação física primária dos seus alunos de suma importância e a realizam antes do início dos treinamentos

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Brain temperature and thermoregulatory adjustments in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to exercise until fatigue in warm environment

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a temperatura cerebral e os ajustes termorregulatórios em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) durante o exercício físico nos ambientes temperado e quente. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética no Uso de Animais da UFV (#58/2012). Dezenove ratos Wistar (383 ± 11 g, 120 ± 3 mmHg) e dezoito SHR (324 ± 6 g, 196 ± 4 mmHg) com 16 semanas de idade foram usados nos experimentos. Esses animais tiveram a pressão arterial medida por meio de pletismografia de cauda antes das sessões de exercício. Em seguida, os ratos foram submetidos ao implante de um sensor de temperatura abdominal e de uma cânula guia no córtex frontal direito (AP: +3 mm; ML: -3 mm, DV: -1.8 mm), que foi usada para inserção do termorresistor e medida da Tcer. Após a recuperação das cirurgias, os animais foram familiarizados a correr em uma esteira rolante (15m/min) por 5 minutos, por 5 dias consecutivos. Em seguida, os animais foram submetidos aos exercícios progressivo (velocidade inicial de 10m/min; o aumento da velocidade foi de 1m/min a cada 3 minutos) ou constante (60% da velocidade máxima durante todo exercício) até a fadiga no ambiente temperado (25 oC) e quente (32 oC). As temperaturas cerebral (Tcer), abdominal (Tabd), e da pele da cauda (Tpele) foram medidas a cada minuto durante toda sessão de exercício. Os dados referentes a temperatura corporal foram analisados usando ANOVA two- way com parcelas subdivididas e apresentadas como média ± EPM (&#945;=5%). Durante o exercício progressivo no ambiente temperado, o grupo SHR apresentou maior Tcer comparado ao grupo Controle do 15o minuto até a fadiga, maior Tabd do 13o minuto até a fadiga e menor Tpele entre o 12o e 27o minuto. No ambiente quente, o grupo SHR apresentou maior Tcer comparado ao grupo Controle entre o 7o e 14o minuto e na fadiga e maior Tabd do 10o minuto até a fadiga. Durante o exercício constante no ambiente temperado, o grupo SHR apresentou maior Tcer comparado ao grupo Controle entre o 13o e 35o minuto, maior Tabd entre o 19o e 52o minuto e menor Tpele entre o 4o e 16o minuto. No ambiente quente, o grupo SHR apresentou maior Tcer comparado ao grupo Controle entre o 11o e 24o minuto e maior Tabd entre o 9o e o 36o minuto. Além disso, os SHRs apresentaram menor desempenho físico durante o exercício progressivo e constante em ambos ambientes. Em conclusão, os animais hipertensos apresentam um aumento exacerbado das temperaturas cerebral e abdominal durante o exercício físico nos ambientes temperado e quente.The aim of this study was to evaluate brain temperature and thermoregulatory adjustments in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during exercise in temperate and warm environments. All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use at UFV (# 58/2012). Nineteen male Wistar rats (383 ± 11 g, 120 ± 3 mmHg) and eighteen SHR (324 ± 6 g, 196 ± 4 mmHg) with 16 weeks of age were used in the experiments. These animals had their blood pressure measured by tail plethysmography prior to exercise trials. Then, the rats underwent implantation of an abdominal temperature sensor and a guide cannula in the right frontal cortex (AP: +3 mm; ML: -3 mm, DV: -1.8 mm), that allowed us to insert a themorresistor and measure Tbrain. After recovery from surgery, the animals were familiarized to run on a treadmill (15 m/min) for 5 minutes for 5 consecutive days. Then, the animals were subjected to incremental- (initial speed of 10 m/min; speed was increased by 1 m/min every three minutes) or constant-speed (60% of maximal speed throughout the exercise) exercise until they were fatigued in a temperate (25 °C) and warm (32 °C) environment. The brain (Tbrain), abdominal (Tabd) and tail skin (Tskin) temperatures were measured every minute throughout the exercise trials. Data regarding body temperatures were analyzed using two- way ANOVA with split plot and presented as means ± SEM (&#945;=5%). During incremental speed-exercise in temperate environment, the SHR group exhibited greater Tbrain as compared to controls from the 15th min until fatigue, higher Tabd from the 13th min until fatigue and lower Tskin from the 12th to 27th min of exercise. In warm environment, the SHR group presented greater Tbrain from the 7th and 14th min and at fatigue and higher Tabd from the 10th min until fatigue. During constant speed-exercise in temperate environment, the SHR group showed greater Tbrain than controls from 13th and 35th min, higher Tabd from the 19th and 52th min, and lower Tskin from the 4th and 16th min of exercise. In warm environment, the SHR group exhibited greater Tbrain from the 11th and 24th min and higher Tabd from the 9th and 36th min. In addition, SHRs showed lower physical performance in incremental- and constant- speed exercise in both environments. In conclusion, hypertensive animals show an exacerbated increase in brain and abdominal temperatures during acute exercise in temperate and hot environments.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

A vantagem em casa no futebol: comparação entre Copa Libertadores da América e UEFA Champions League

O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a vantagem em casa (VC) entre Copa Libertadores da América (CLA) e UEFA Champions League (UCL). Foram analisadas todas as partidas da fase de grupos (n = 1536) das temporadas 2004 a 2011. Para quantificar a VC, foi utilizada a metodologia de aproveitamento percentual de pontos proposta por POLLARD3, sendo considerado VC valores maiores que 50%. Houve diferença significativa (p = 0,010) para a VC na CLA (67,8 ± 4%) em relação a UCL (60,5 ± 5%). A magnitude das diferenças das médias (diferença média = 0,73; IC 95%: 0,020 a 0,127) foi grande (h2 = 0,35). Conclui-se que a VC foi maior na CLA do que na UCL nas temporadas analisadas e que fatores como altitude, distância de viagem, característica das torcidas e comportamento arbitral poderá ajudar a explicar esse fenômeno em futuros estudos