Desempenho da consciência fonológica de aprendizes de segunda língua, bilíngues e monolíngues

The field of reading has been studied by behavioral scientists. They are now able to predict the performance of students in terms of honological awareness, the ability to manipulate sound elements of speech. In the early years of life, children distinguish universal sounds. Before the native language stimuli, certain phonetic combinations are learned. Literacy in two languages has increased in Brazil, this is referred to as bilingualism. When the acquisition of a second language occurs outside of school, they are called L2 learners. While monolinguals only know one language. The objective of this research was to analyze the performance of phonological awareness in a bilingual school, with monolingual learners, and with L2 learners. The study was attended by 60 children of both sexes aged between 5 and 6 years. All underwent a Predictors of Reading Skills Test (Minervino et al., 2013). The hit percentage and the runtime of the subtests (alliteration, rhyme and segmentation) were analyzed. The results indicate that L2 learners perform better in alliteration and rhyme, while the bilingual students showed higher hit percentage in the segment. Through the analysis of the runtime group, we can say bilinguals were more agile in all iterate capacity and rhyme, except in the segment portion which was better performed by L2 learners. In both comparisons, monolingual participants had results below the averages of the other groups.O domínio da leitura tem sido estudado por meio de provas comportamentais capazes de predizer o desempenho dos escolares, tal como a consciência fonológica, que é a capacidade de manipular elementos sonoros da fala. Nos primeiros anos de vida, as crianças distinguem sons universais e, diante dos estímulos da língua nativa, determinadas combinações fonéticas são aprendidas. A alfabetização em duas línguas tem aumentado no Brasil, tal como a aquisição de uma segunda língua fora da escola, essas crianças são denominadas como bilíngues e aprendizes de L2, respectivamente, enquanto os monolíngues estão sob influência apenas da língua materna. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o desempenho da consciência fonológica em escolares bilíngues, monolíngues e aprendizes de L2. Participaram 60 crianças de ambos os sexos com idade entre 5 e 6 anos. Todos foram submetidos ao Teste de Habilidades Preditoras da Leitura (Minervino e cols., 2013). O percentual de acerto e o tempo de execução dos subtestes (aliteração, rima e segmentação) foram analisados. Os resultados indicam que aprendizes de L2 apresentam melhor desempenho em aliterar e rimar, enquanto os bilíngues demonstram maior percentual de acerto na segmentar, na análise do tempo de execução o grupo dos bilíngues foram mais ágeis na capacidade de aliterar e rimar, exceto na segmentar, melhor executada pelos aprendizes de L2, em ambas comparações os monolíngues obtiveram resultados abaixo da média dos demais grupos

Genetic diversity and structure in Arapaima gigas populations from Amazon and Araguaia-Tocantins river basins

Background Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) is the largest freshwater scaled fish in the world, and an emerging species for tropical aquaculture development. Conservation of the species, and the expansion of aquaculture requires the development of genetic tools to study polymorphism, differentiation, and stock structure. This study aimed to investigate genomic polymorphism through ddRAD sequencing, in order to identify a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to simultaneously assess genetic diversity and structure in wild (from rivers Amazon, Solimões, Tocantins and Araguaia) and captive populations. Results Compared to many other teleosts, the degree of polymorphism in A. gigas was low with only 2.3% of identified RAD-tags (135 bases long) containing SNPs. A panel of 393 informative SNPs was identified and screened across the five populations. Higher genetic diversity indices (number of polymorphic loci and private alleles, Shannon’s Index and HO) were found in populations from the Amazon and Solimões, intermediate levels in Tocantins and Captive, and very low levels in the Araguaia population. These results likely reflect larger population sizes from less urbanized environments in the Amazon basin compared to Araguaia. Populations were significantly differentiated with pairwise FST values ranging from 0.086 (Amazon × Solimões) to 0.556 (Amazon × Araguaia). Mean pairwise relatedness among individuals was significant in all populations (P

Clinical, economical and safety impact of ferric carboxymaltose use in Patient Blood Management programme in Portuguese National Health Service hospitals

Funding Information: We would like to thank everyone who contributed to the study, namely the teams of participating hospitals who helped us to collect data: Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa (CHTS) – Maria da Anunciação Ruivo, MD; Centro Hospitalar Entre o Douro e Vouga (CHEDV) – Cristina Portal, MD; Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho (CHVNG/E) – Fátima Lima, MD; Unidade Local de Saúde do Nordeste (ULSNE) –Anabela Correia, MD; Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira (CHUCB) – Jorge Martinez, MD; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central (CHULC - Hospital Curry Cabral) – Nuno Diogo, MD; Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca (HFF) – Diana Sousa Mendes, MD. Funding Information: This paper reflects the main results of the O impacto do uso da carboximaltose férrica no consumo de sangue através da otimização pré-operatória da hemoglobina em hospitais portugueses (Patient Blood Management) funded by Vifor Pharma Management Ltd. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) can be used in Patient Blood Management (PBM) to promote the optimization of preoperative haemoglobin (Hb), which aims to minimise the use of allogeneic blood components and improve clinical outcomes, with better cost-effectiveness. This was an observational study conducted in a retrospective and multicentre cohort with adults from elective orthopaedic, cardiac and colorectal surgeries, treated according to local standards of PBM with allogeneic blood product transfusions (ABTs) on demand and with FCM to correct iron deficiency with or without anaemia. In this work, only the first pillar of the PBM model issue by Directorate-General for Health (DGS) was evaluated, which involves optimising Hb in the preoperative period with iron treatment if it’s necessary/indicated. Before the implementation of PBM in Portugal, most patients did not undergo preoperative laboratory evaluation with blood count and iron kinetics. Therefore, the existence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) or Iron Deficiency (ID) without anaemia was not early detected, and there was no possibility of treating these patients with iron in order to optimise their Hb and/or iron stores. Those patients ended up being treated with ABTs on demand. A total of 405 patients from seven hospitals were included; 108 (26.7%) underwent FCM preoperatively and 197 (48.6%) were transfused with ABTs on demand. In the FCM preoperative cohort, there was an increase in patients with normal preoperative Hb, from 14.4 to 45.7%, before and after FCM, respectively, a decrease from 31.7 to 9.6% in moderate anaemia and no cases of severe anaemia after FCM administration, while 7.7% of patients were severely anaemic before FCM treatment. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) before and after correction of preoperative anaemia and/or iron deficiency with FCM in Hb, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation rate (TS). In the ABT group, there were significant differences between pre- and postoperative Hb levels (p < 0.001). Hb values tended to decrease, with 44.1% of patients moving from mild anaemia before transfusion to moderate anaemia in the postoperative period. Concerning the length of hospital stay, the group administered with ABTs had a longer hospital stay (p < 0.001). Regarding the clinical outcomes of nosocomial infection and mortality, there was no evidence that the rate of infection or mortality differed in each group (p = 0.075 and p = 0.243, respectively). However, there were fewer nosocomial infections in the FCM group (11.9% versus 21.2%) and mortality was higher in the transfusion group (21.2% versus 4.2%). Economic analysis showed that FCM could reduce allogenic blood products consumption and the associated costs. The economic impact of using FCM was around 19%. The preoperative Hb value improved when FMC was used. Patients who received ABTs appeared to have a longer hospital stay. The FCM group reported fewer infections during hospitalisation. The economic results showed savings of around €1000 for each patient with FCM administration. The use of FCM as part of the PBM program had a positive impact on patients’ outcomes and on economic results. However, it will be essential to perform studies with a larger sample to obtain more robust and specific results.publishersversionpublishe

Use of Surgical Laser for Excision of a Neurofibroma Associated With Neurofibromatosis Type-1

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects approximately 1/3500 individuals. Various bone manifestations and peripheral nerves neoplastic lesions associated with NF1 are seen in the jaws. Several oral manifestations may occur in this disorder; therefore the dentist’s knowledge and multidisciplinary management of these patients are extremely important.Case Presentation: In the present article, we present the use of a high-power surgical laser to excise a neurofibroma in a patient with several intraoral manifestations associated with NF1.Conclusion: The use of diode laser (808 nm) for excision biopsy of tongue nodules showed no thermal damage to the tissue, allowing an adequate histopathological analysis of the neurofibrom

MODULAÇÃO DOS HORMÔNIOS LEPTINA E GRELINA E SEUS RECEPTORES EM TILÁPIAS-DO-NILO SOB DUAS CONDIÇÕES, JEJUM E RECÉM ALIMENTADAS APÓS CULTIVO EXPERIMENTAL UTILIZANDO DIETAS SUPLEMENTADAS COM PROBIÓTICOS

Com a expansão na produção de tilápias-do-nilo, o contexto aquícola busca por alternativas que auxiliem na prevenção e combate a enfermidades. A décadas, probióticos vem sendo utilizados com a premissa de uma ótima colonização do trato gastrintestinal, colaborando para menor proliferação de microrganismos patogênicos e maior aproveitamento de nutrientes e atividade digestiva. O uso de Lactobacillus plantarum na dieta de tilápias-do-nilo revela benefícios no ganho de peso, eficiência alimentar, resposta imune e resistência a enfermidades. Paralelamente, mecanismos fisiológicos afetados pelos probióticos são influenciados pela ação dos hormônios grelina e leptina, como crescimento, ingestão alimentar, regulação do apetite, metabolismo energético e resposta imune. Neste sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a variação nos marcadores dos hormônios leptina e grelina no tecido hepático e intestinal de tilápias-do-nilo alimentadas com dietas suplementadas de L. plantarum, bem como avaliar efeitos da suplementação sobre o desempenho zootécnico e parâmetros microbiológicos intestinais dos peixes. Ao longo do cultivo experimental de 45 dias, foram utilizados 90 alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo, distribuídos em 10 caixas de polietileno (60L), com filtros biológicos individuais, aeração constante e controle de temperatura. Para a alimentação, as dietas foram preparadas seguindo os protocolos estabelecidos no laboratório, onde as dietas experimentais receberam um inóculo contendo meio de cultura e cepas probióticas L. plantarum, na proporção de 10% do peso da ração (v:g), atingindo um valor final de 1x107 UFC g de ração-1. Na dieta controle, foi adicionado apenas o meio de cultura estéril na mesma proporção. A cada 15 dias foram realizadas pesagens dos animais para a correção da alimentação e os parâmetros de qualidade de água avaliados foram: temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido diariamente; pH e amônia semanalmente; nitrato e alcalinidade no início e final do experimento, para a comprovação do adequado funcionamento dos filtros biológicos. Ao final do cultivo foram avaliados os parâmetros zootécnicos e coleta de amostras teciduais de fígado e intestino para análises de imuno-histoquímica e microbiológicas (apenas o intestino). Na coleta, os animais foram anestesiados com Eugenol® e sacrificados através de concussão medular. As amostras foram armazenadas nas condições ideais para a preservação morfológica e um pool foi realizado para posterior cultivo microbiológico e contagem de bactérias totais. O processamento histológico de rotina e os cortes teciduais foram submetidos a técnica de imuno-histoquímica, com anticorpos monoclonais recém adquiridos pelo grupo de pesquisa. Os resultados do estudo não mostraram diferenças significativas no desempenho zootécnico, porém, os animais que receberam dietas suplementadas apresentaram um ganho de peso numericamente maior quando comparados ao grupo controle. Os parâmetros de qualidade de água não apresentaram oscilações significativas ao longo do experimento, permanecendo nos níveis adequados para espécie. A contagem de bactérias Vibrio ssp. intestinais fora inferior nos animais suplementados, e a contagem de bactérias ácido-láticas fora maior nestes animais. As análises de imunohistoquímica não apresentaram marcações específicas em tecidos com o inóculo do anticorpo monoclonal, fazendo surgir uma nova incógnita quanto ao funcionamento de anticorpos policlonais neste intuito. A realização de novas análises fora impossibilitada devido as recomendações que determinaram o fechamento do campus