Antibacterial and coagulant potential of vegetable extracts in the alternative treatment of greywater

The reuse of greywater (GW) from some domestic activities is considered a sustainable technique for water saving, however, GW have high turbidity and bacteriological load. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of extracts obtained from Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle in the alternative treatment of GW, aiming at reducing turbidity and bacteriological load.  For this, extracts obtained from epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and whole fruit were prepared from three extraction methods. Posteriorly, they were applied to GW samples, being monitored the turbidity and heterotrophic bacteria at different time intervals. All extracts showed coagulant and antibacterial properties, reducing turbidity (39-88%) and heterotrophic bacteria (66-93%) after 24 hours of treatment. Thus, the evaluated extracts become an alternative for use in GW reuse systems instead of synthetic chemical agents, presenting advantages such as biodegradability, ease of access, biodegradability and low toxicity of the sludge generated.The reuse of greywater (GW) from some domestic activities is considered a sustainable technique for water-saving; however, GW has high turbidity and bacteriological load. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of extracts obtained from Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle in the alternative treatment of GW, aiming at reducing turbidity and bacteriological load.  Extracts obtained from epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, and whole fruit were prepared from three extraction methods. Posteriorly, they were applied to GW samples, monitoring the turbidity and heterotrophic bacteria at different time intervals. All extracts showed coagulant and antibacterial properties, reducing turbidity (39-88%) and heterotrophic bacteria (66-93%) after 24 h of the treatment. The plant extracts become an alternative for use in GW reuse systems instead of synthetic chemical agents, with biodegradability, ease of access, and low toxicity of the sludge generated

NOTAS E RESENHAS

A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA GEOGRAFIA FÍSICA NA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: O ENSINO DE 1.º E 2.º GRAUS - David Márcio Santos Rodrigues PROBLEMAS EPISTEMOLÓGICOS Y SOCIOLÓGICOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN: EL CASO DE LA GEOGRAFIA - Néstor Sebastian Lizarraga TEMPO LIVRE COMO OBJETO DE CONSUMO E LAZER DIRIGIDO COMO OPORTUNIDADE DE MANIPULAÇÃO - Adyr A. Balastreri Rodrigues VARIAÇÕES MICROCLIMATICAS EM ÁREAS DE MATA TROPICAL E DE REFLORESTAMENTO - Anderson Luís Hebling Christofoletti; Maria Juraci Zani dos Santos UM EXEMPLO DE INTERVENÇÃO DO ESTADO NO ESPAÇO: A BARRAGEM DE ANAGÉ - BAHIA - Lucas Batista Pereira À MARGEM DA GEOGRAFIA: ESPAÇO, PODER E NACIONALIDADE EM EUCLIDES DA CUNHA - Fadel David Antonio Filho; Silvio Carlos Bray CONTRIBUIÇÕES À HISTÓRIA, ÀS CONCEPÇÕES E AOS PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS EM GEOGRAFIA - Antonio Christofoletti  CONTRIBUIÇÕES AO ENSINO E À PESQUISA EM GEOGRAFIA HUMANA - Antonio Christofoletti  PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL AND IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY - 1988 - Antonio Christofoletti  O USO DE COMPUTADORES EM GEOGRAFIA - Amândio Luís de Almeida Teixeir

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Patologias atuais: a compulsão e a sociedade dos excessos: Current pathologies: compulsion and the society of excesses

O artigo em tela tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos biopsicossociais da conduta compulsiva de consumo. Propõe-se a apresentar os elementos psicológicos contidos nesse comportamento, além de verificar quais são os resultados decorrentes dessa compulsão. O consumo compulsivo, também chamado de oniomania, é um transtorno causado pela ansiedade despertada pela necessidade de comprar e saciada, somente, quando é materializada a aquisição daquilo que se deseja comprar. O estudo em questão pode ser classificado como sendo de cunho bibliográfico, a partir da análise de documentos publicados em forma de artigos científicos e livros em formato digital

Tuberculose pulmonar: perfil epidemiológico do sertão Pernambucano, Brasil / Pulmonary tuberculosis: epidemiological profile of sertão Pernambucano, Brazil

Atualmente, observa-se que a tuberculose pulmonar constitui um importante problema de Saúde Pública no mundo, uma vez que esse agravo apresentou, em 2015, 10,4 milhões de casos, dos quais, mais de um milhão de pessoas vieram a óbito. Sob essa perspectiva, o presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um perfil epidemiológico dos casos de Tuberculose Pulmonar notificados no município de Serra Talhada, entre os anos de 2007 a 2017. Foi realizado um estudo de série histórica observacional do tipo transversal, no intervalo de tempo de 2007 a 2017.  No período investigado o número de casos de tuberculose pulmonar foi de 246 casos, o local que teve a maior prevalência foi Serra Talhada, 287 por 100 mil habitantes. Diante dos dados apresentados, é imprescindível concluir, portanto, que esse estudo corrobora o perfil epidemiológico brasileiro para a Tuberculose Pulmonar, o qual indica variabilidade nos índices de acometimento durante o período analisado

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good