Seguimiento de la reforma de edificio residencia de estudiantes

En este proyecto se realiza el seguimiento de las obras de reforma de una residencia de estudiantes en la ciudad de Valencia. El trabajo se compone de los siguientes apartados: estudio y análisis del proyecto, seguimiento constructivo y diario de obra, plan y seguimiento de la calidad, organización de la obra y seguridad y salud, y, por último, programación y seguimiento económico de la ejecución.Borrás Lucas, M. (2013). Seguimiento de la reforma de edificio residencia de estudiantes. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/35635.Archivo delegad

Aphid resistance: an overlooked ecological dimension of nonstructural carbohydrates in cereals

Nonstructural carbohydrates in cereals have been widely investigated from physiological, genetic, and breeding perspectives. Nonstructural carbohydrates may contribute to grain filling, but correlations with yield are inconsistent and sometimes negative. Here we ask if there are hidden functions of nonstructural carbohydrates, advance an ecological dimension to this question, and speculate that high concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates may challenge the osmotic homeostasis of aphids, thus providing a working hypothesis that connects nonstructural carbohydrates with aphid resistance in cereals. In the light of this proposition, the amount and concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates should be regarded as functionally different traits, with amount relevant to the carbon economy of the crop and concentration playing an osmotic role. We conclude with suggestions for experiments to test our hypothesis

Impact of primary NO2 emissions at different urban sites exceeding the European NO2 standard limit

A large part of the European population is still exposed to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels exceeding the European Union (EU) air quality standards, being a key challenge to reduce NO2 concentrations across many European urban areas, particularly close to roads. In this work, a trend analysis of pollutants involved in NO2 processes was done for the period 2003–2014 in traffic sites fromthree Spanish cities (Barcelona,Madrid and Granada) that still exceed the European NO2 air quality standard limits. We also estimated the contributions of primary NO2 emissions and photo-chemically formed NO2 to the observed ambient NO2 concentrations in order to explore their possible role in the observedNO2 concentration trends. TheNOx andNOconcentrations at these traffic sites showed significant decreasing trends during the period 2003–2014, especially at Barcelona (BARTR) andMadrid (MADTR) traffic stations. The NO2 concentrations showed statistically significant downward trends at BARTR and MADTR and remained unchanged at Granada traffic station (GRATR) during the study period. Despite the significant decrease in NO2 concentrations in BCNTR and MADTR during the analysed period, the NO2 concentrations observed over these sites still above the annual NO2 standard limit of 40 μg m−3 and, therefore, more efficient measures are still needed. Primary NO2 emissions significantly influence NO2 concentrations at the three analysed sites. However, as no drastic changes are expected in the after-exhaust treatment technology that can reduce primary NO2 emissions to zero in the near future, only a substantial reduction in NOx emissions will help to comply with the NO2 European air quality standards. Reduction of 78%, 56% and 16% on NOx emissions in Barcelona,Madrid and Granada were estimated to be necessary to comply with the NO2 annual limit of 40 μg m−3

Uso de fertilizantes y dureza y concentración de Zn en granos de maíz de tipo flint

Uso de fertilizantes y dureza y concentración de Zn en granos de maíz de tipo flintFil: Borrás, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Kernel number and kernel weight determination in dent and popcorn maize

Yield formation in maize (Zea mays L.) dent hybrids has been directly linked to the rate of plant biomass accumulation and partitioning of assimilates to the developing grain. Maize popcorn genotypes have been studied less extensively, but their kernels are known to differ in terms of endosperm structure and typical growth patterns. Our objective was to evaluate how variation in plant growth rate (PGR) at different stages of kernel formation and development affected kernel number per plant (KNP), individual kernel weight (KW) and rate and duration of kernel growth in popcorn genotypes, relative to dent ones. We conducted three experiments (two in Ames, Iowa, and one in Pergamino, Argentina) in which PGRs around flowering and during the linear phase of the grain-filling period of four dent and eight popcorn genotypes were altered by plant density, defoliations and thinning treatments. Yield per plant, KNP, KW, rate and duration of kernel growth all showed significant kernel type (popcorns vs. dents) effects (p < 0.01). KNP was highly correlated with ear biomass accumulated around flowering in dents and popcorns, and popcorns showed a higher efficiency for setting kernels per unit of ear biomass accumulated around flowering (p < 0.01). Popcorn inbred R18 in particular showed a significantly higher efficiency, consistent across experiments. Relationships between potential KW at early grain filling or kernel growth rate and the PGR per kernel around flowering were different for dent and popcorn genotypes. Most popcorns established a lower potential KW compared to dent genotypes at similar PGRs per kernel around flowering. Also, popcorn kernels were less prone to decrease KW in response to severe reductions in plant growth during the linear phase of the grain-filling period as promoted by defoliation treatments (significant kernel type × source manipulation treatment interaction, p < 0.001). Despite different patterns of KNP and KW determination, yield variation across dent and popcorn genotypes and environments corresponded closely to the potential sink capacity established by the end of the lag phase 14 days after anthesis. This result emphasizes the importance of the flowering period to establish KN and KW across different maize germplasm.EEA PergaminoFil: Severini, Alan David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; ArgentinaFil: Borrás, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Westgate, Mark E. Iowa State University. Department of Agronomy; Estados UnidosFil: Cirilo, Alfredo Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentin

Quantitative Trait Loci of Plant Attributes Related to Sorghum Grain Number Determination

The genetic basis of grain number determination in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was studied based on canopy growth traits. Traits were crop growth rate (CGR) around flowering, plant reproductive biomass partitioning (PR) to the panicle, and grain-set efficiency (EG) per unit of accumulated panicle biomass. Previous evidence has shown that these traits vary across commercial germplasm and that PR and EG are genotype-specific traits with low environmental effects. Our hypothesis was that PR and EG are highly heritable traits correlated to grain number (and yield) for which environmentally consistent quantitative trait loci (QTL) could be detected. Studied recombinant inbred lines (RILs) showed important variation in yield, grain number per square meter, time to anthesis, plant height, CGR, PR and EG, and growth environments created significant genotype × environment interactions for most. Variability in grain number per square meter was significantly correlated with PR (p 0.05). Heritability estimates for PR and EG were larger than estimates for CGR, grain number per square meter, or yield. A multitrait, multienvironment approach over CGR, PR, and EG identified 12 QTL (LOD ≥ 2.5), explaining 21 to 36% of observed trait variability. No QTL were detected for CGR, while two and one environmentally consistent QTL were found for PR and EG, respectively. Results highlighted relevant information that could be potentially exploited in breeding programs

Quantitative Trait Loci of Plant Attributes Related to Sorghum Grain Number Determination

The genetic basis of grain number determination in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was studied based on canopy growth traits. Traits were crop growth rate (CGR) around flowering, plant reproductive biomass partitioning (PR) to the panicle, and grain-set efficiency (EG) per unit of accumulated panicle biomass. Previous evidence has shown that these traits vary across commercial germplasm and that PR and EG are genotype-specific traits with low environmental effects. Our hypothesis was that PR and EG are highly heritable traits correlated to grain number (and yield) for which environmentally consistent quantitative trait loci (QTL) could be detected. Studied recombinant inbred lines (RILs) showed important variation in yield, grain number per square meter, time to anthesis, plant height, CGR, PR and EG, and growth environments created significant genotype × environment interactions for most. Variability in grain number per square meter was significantly correlated with PR (p 0.05). Heritability estimates for PR and EG were larger than estimates for CGR, grain number per square meter, or yield. A multitrait, multienvironment approach over CGR, PR, and EG identified 12 QTL (LOD ≥ 2.5), explaining 21 to 36% of observed trait variability. No QTL were detected for CGR, while two and one environmentally consistent QTL were found for PR and EG, respectively. Results highlighted relevant information that could be potentially exploited in breeding programs

Quantitative Trait Loci of Plant Attributes Related to Sorghum Grain Number Determination

The genetic basis of grain number determination in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was studied based on canopy growth traits. Traits were crop growth rate (CGR) around flowering, plant reproductive biomass partitioning (PR) to the panicle, and grain-set efficiency (EG) per unit of accumulated panicle biomass. Previous evidence has shown that these traits vary across commercial germplasm and that PR and EG are genotype-specific traits with low environmental effects. Our hypothesis was that PR and EG are highly heritable traits correlated to grain number (and yield) for which environmentally consistent quantitative trait loci (QTL) could be detected. Studied recombinant inbred lines (RILs) showed important variation in yield, grain number per square meter, time to anthesis, plant height, CGR, PR and EG, and growth environments created significant genotype × environment interactions for most. Variability in grain number per square meter was significantly correlated with PR (p 0.05). Heritability estimates for PR and EG were larger than estimates for CGR, grain number per square meter, or yield. A multitrait, multienvironment approach over CGR, PR, and EG identified 12 QTL (LOD ≥ 2.5), explaining 21 to 36% of observed trait variability. No QTL were detected for CGR, while two and one environmentally consistent QTL were found for PR and EG, respectively. Results highlighted relevant information that could be potentially exploited in breeding programs

Crop management options for maximizing Maize Kernel hardness

Special hard endosperm maize (Zea mays L.) adapted for optimum dry milling yields is produced worldwide. Argentine flint maize is internationally known, and specific values for grain vitreousness, floaters, and test weight are demanded by the industry. Agricultural practices aimed to reach these standards, however, are not clear for farmers. Our general objective was to identify possible management options for maximizing the grain quality attributes described by these standards. We tested two flint and two dent kernel type genotypes under contrasting management options and environmental conditions (stand density, N fertilizer, defoliations, years), and studied their yield and grain quality response. Flint genotypes yielded less than dents across all tested field treatments (flint vs. dent, P ≤ 0.001), with larger differences at the lowest yielding conditions. Large differences between kernel types, and for genotypes within each kernel type, were evident for all grain quality traits (test weight, floaters, vitreousness, 8 mm screen retention) and composition (protein, oil, starch). Low N fertilization levels and stressful situations during grain filling where the treatments reducing grain hardness and screen retention the most, especially for some genotypes. Other than genotype selection, adequate N availability and low stand density helped improve test weight, vitreousness, floaters, and screen retention, all traits relevant for maize dry milling industry.Fil: Tamagno, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Greco, Ignacio A.. Dacsa Maicerías Españolas; EspañaFil: Almeida, Helbert. Kellogg Company; Estados UnidosFil: Di Paola, Juan C.. Cotecna Inspección Argentina S.A; ArgentinaFil: Martí Ribes, Francisco. Dacsa Maicerías Españolas; EspañaFil: Borras, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin