Genetic diversity in cultivated and wild Hordeum species

Phenotypic selection can be tested by comparing the inter-population variation in quantitative traits (QST) against inter-population variation in neutral molecular markers (FST). A trait is considered under divergent selection when QST \u3e FST, under stabilizing selection when QST \u3c FST, and selectively neutral when QST = FST. This approach assumes the form of selection to be consistent across populations and can fail to detect selection mosaics in which this consistency is lacking. The overall objectives of this work are to improve the methodology for comparing QST and FST, and to study the relationship between QST and FST in cultivated and wild barley. First, we develop a methodology to detect situations in which the form of selection is heterogenous. The methodology simulates pair-wise QST under neutrality and focuses on the distribution of QST and FST. Our results indicate that studies employing traditional QST and FST methods are insensitive to mixtures of disruptive and stabilizing selection and that more powerful inference concerning the form of selection may be gained via the methods introduced here. Second, we use overall and pair-wise estimates to study the evolutionary history of quantitative traits in wild barley. We evaluate 14 traits and 56 SSR markers in 280 genotypes from 23 populations of wild barley from the Fertile Crescent. We find that a combination of overall and pair-wise comparisons is better suited than the former alone to understand the evolutionary processes that shape populations. Third, we propose the use of QST and F ST studies in cultivated barley. We use 66 polymorphic SSR and 20 quantitative traits in 353 genotypes of barley from 23 breeding programs distributed worldwide. By simultaneously estimating population structure at morphological traits and neutral molecular markers, we identify compatible breeding programs for germplasm exchange, and breeding programs with unique characteristics worth preserving. However, caution is advised in the use of this methodology for fitness-related traits, traits with important GxE, and germplasm with strong artificially-imposed structure especially in an artificial selection context as in breeding programs. In summary, we develop a methodology that is effective for detecting selection mosaics and we provided ample evidence of the occurrence of this phenomenon in both wild and cultivated barley

Diseño de un programa de educación para la salud: aspectos psicologicos de los cuidados de enfermería al paciente terminal y su familia

Un enfermero basa sus cuidados en la formación que previamente ha adquirido, promoviendo, manteniendo y restableciendo la salud de las personas y la autonomía de sus funciones vitales, tanto físicas como psíquicas. Cuando se trata de pacientes terminales, la finalidad no es la misma ya que no se restablece la salud de la persona; pero siempre hay algo que podemos hacer y en este caso es conseguir la calidad de vida del paciente hasta el momento de su fallecimiento. Por lo tanto, se precisa de unos conocimientos y unas habilidades diferentes para el abordaje de estos pacientes, donde el aspecto psicológico cobra un papel importante en los cuidados. Pese a todo esto, la mayoría de los profesionales de enfermería que día a día trata con estos pacientes y su familia, no tienen una formación específica en cuidados paliativos, incluso cuando este ámbito requiere de unas habilidades específicas más complejas, donde el cuidado tiene que considerar los aspectos físicos, psicológicos, sociales y espirituales del paciente como una unidad indivisible. Por ello, mediante la elaboración de este trabajo, se quiere establecer un Diseño de un Programa de educación para la salud dirigido al personal de enfermería sobre los aspectos psicológicos de los cuidados al paciente terminal y su familia, organizado en sesiones teóricas con el fin de aumentar la calidad de vida de los pacientes terminales y su familia mejorando las habilidades y conocimientos de los enfermeros en el abordaje con estos pacientes.Grado en Enfermerí

Breves notas sobre un tímpano vitoriano

El artículo se centra en el estudio de un timpano, redescubierto con las labores de restauración de la Catedral de Santa María de Vitoria, en 1962. Se precisa la representación iconográfica fijada en la obra. Se precisa la filiación estilística del conjunto, con una dependencia directa de la catedral de Burgos, pero con algunas sugerencias y ecos leoneses. Se apura una cronología. Y se cuestiona el destino -funerario o monumental- del citado tímpanoArtikulua 1962.urtean Gasteizko Santa Maria Katedraleko berriztatze lanetan berraurkitutako ikerketa bat da. Lanean oinarritutako errepresentazio ikonografiko zehatza egiten da. Osotasunaren tankera jorratzen da, Burgoseko katedralearen menpetasun zuzenarekin, baina iradokizun eta Leongo xehetasun batzuekin. Kronologia finkatzen da. Eta aipatutako tinpanoaren helburua -ehorzketa monumentala- liskartzen daL'article met I'accent sur L'étude d'un tympan qu'on avait redécouvert en 1962 pendant la restauration de la Cathédrale "Santa María" de Vitoria. On précise la representation iconographique fixée dans I'oeuvre. On fait eu plus la révision de la filiation stylistique de I'ensemble, en dépendence directe de la cathédrale de Burgos mais avec quelques suggestions et échos de celle du León. On épuise une chronologie et on met en question le destin -funéraire, monumental- du tel tympa

Sepulcros góticos de la Catedral de Vitoria

Este estudio se centra en el conjunto funerario de la capilla de Santa Ana, en la Catedral de Santa María de Vitoria. Correspondientes a las familias Vazterra e Iñiguez, son los primeros sepulcros góticos conservados en Alava. Se precisa la iconografía y la iconología de los mismos. Se establece la filiación castellana del modelo genérico que lo informa, apurando la cronología de los tres ejemplaresLan honetan Gasteizko Santa Maria Katedraleko Santa Ana kaperako hilobi-multzoari aztertzen da. Hilobiok Vazterra eta Iñiguez familienak dira eta Araban kontserbatzen diren lehen hilobi gotikoak ditugu. Beraien ikonografia eta ikonologia zehazten dira. Eredu orokorrean gaztelaniar jatorria adierazten da, hiru aleen kronologia zehazten saiatzen delarikThis study concentrates on the funerary ensemble in the Santa Ana Chapel of the Santa María de Vitoria Cathedral. The tombs corresponding to the Vazterra and Iñiguez families are the earliest Gothic sepulchres still standing in Alava. The study also gives a detailed iconography and iconology. The Castilian filiation of the generic model giving information on the subject is also defined, as is a chronology of the three sample

La primitiva portada occidental de San Juan de Laguardia.

Sin resume

Promoción y patronato religioso en el Gótico en Álava

En este artículo se aborda una lectura de la actividad gótica en Álava desde la óptica de los protagonistas que dirigen el encargo artístico. Se pretende ofrecer un panorama global de su plástica desde el enfoque del comitente que se sume a los estudios centrados en la promoción, el patronato, la clientela y el mecenazgo aparecidos en la historiografía artística medieval hispana, como la organización de congresos y exposiciones —más o menos recientes— evidencian.This article discusses a reading of the Gothic activity in Álava from the perspective of the protagonists who direct the artistic commission. Its objective is to offer a global vision of its art from the approach of the client and it is added to the studies focused on promotion, patronage, clientele and patronage appeared in medieval Hispanic artistic historiography, such as the organization of conferences and exhibitions -more or less recent- evidence.peerReviewe

Development of a microencapsulated functional ingredient formulated with the neurotransmitter GABA and the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K16 produced through biotechnological processes

208 p.This PhD thesis has developed a new functional ingredient characterised by the novelty of combining anew L. plantarum K16 strain, isolated from the fermented food Kimchi, with the postbiotic metaboliteGABA produced by a fermentation process using agri-food by-products as substrate media. According tothe scientific literature, this functional ingredient intends to exert a beneficial effect on human health byacting in the intestine, guaranteeing a synergistic effect of the probiotic and GABA. The first step in thedeveloping process was focused on isolating and characterising a GABA-producer lactic acid strain fromfermented food kimchi. Then, am evaluation of the ability to produce GABA by this strain wasconducted, firstly, using commercial MRS broth where the effect of different parameters was assessed.Next, several agri-food by-products have been selected to be used as fermentation media due, on onehand, to their high environmental impact and, on the other hand, to their nutritional value for developinglow-cost culture media. Finally, one of this agri-food by-products was chosen to grow the isolatedbacteria and to produce GABA with it, for finally develop a microencapsulated functional ingredient.Tecnalia Research and Innovatio

New landscapes in higher education: audio description as a multilayered task in FL teaching

Today, higher education (HE) faces new challenges, such as incorporating consideration of diversity and inclusion into its operations. Such challenges, many of which are part of strategic institutional plans, offer teachers an opportunity to introduce new practices in the classroom. In this paper, we look at introducing language students to the task of audio description (AD) – that is, making visual content available to blind and visually impaired people by verbal means. We first present a framework for evaluating the learning that might derive from such an activity in the context of FL study, and then use this framework to evaluate a sequence of five tasks undertaken with Irish learners of Spanish. The tasks provided opportunities for the students to reflect on the communication needs of blind and visually impaired people and to understand how these could be addressed effectively in AD. The students practised AD in various contexts: both ‘improvised’ or ‘spontaneous’ AD as well as more carefully prepared AD, and undertaking AD in both the L1 (English) and the FL (Spanish). The pedagogic approach investigated here was inherently multidisciplinary and aimed to help learners become self-reflecting agents and mediators in their L1 and FL

Guía del investigador en la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán

El articulo introduce al lector a una caracterización de la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán desde un punto de vista social y cultural y brinda información sobre los acervos de archivos y bibliotecas de interés para los investigadores en historia.Fil: Gutiérrez, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Santos Lepera, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentin

Freshwater gastropods diversity hotspots: Three new species from the Uruguay River (South America)

Background: The Atlantic Forest is globally one of the priority ecoregions for biodiversity conservation. In Argentina, it is represented by the Paranense Forest, which covers a vast area of Misiones Province between the Paraná and Uruguay rivers. The Uruguay River is a global hotspot of freshwater gastropod diversity, here mainly represented by Tateidae (genus Potamolithus) and to a lesser extent Chilinidae. The family Chilinidae (Gastropoda, Hygrophila) includes 21 species currently recorded in Argentina, and three species in the Uruguay River. The species of Chilinidae occur in quite different types of habitats, but generally in clean oxygenated water recording variable temperature ranges. Highly oxygenated freshwater environments (waterfalls and rapids) are the most vulnerable continental environments. We provide here novel information on three new species of Chilinidae from environments containing waterfalls and rapids in the Uruguay River malacological province of Argentina. Materials and Methods: The specimens were collected in 2010. We analyzed shell, radula, and nervous and reproductive systems, and determined the molecular genetics. The genetic distance was calculated for two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I-COI- and cytochrome b -Cyt b-) for these three new species and the species recorded from the Misionerean, Uruguay River and Lower Paraná-Río de la Plata malacological provinces. In addition, the COI data were analyzed phylogenetically by the neighbor-joining and Bayesian inference techniques. Results: The species described here are different in terms of shell, radula and nervous and reproductive systems, mostly based on the sculpture of the penis sheath. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the three new species with those present in the Lower Paraná-Río de la Plata and Uruguay River malacological provinces. Discussion: Phylogenetic analyses confirm the separation between the Uruguay River and the Misionerean malacological provinces in northeast Argentina. These new endemic species from the Uruguay River add further support to the suggestion that this river is a diversity hotspot of freshwater gastropods (with 54 species present in this basin, 15 of them endemic). These endemic species from environments with rapids and waterfalls should be taken into account by government agencies before the construction of dams that modify those ecologic niches in the Uruguay River.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse