Application of high hydrostatic pressures for improving the quality of frozen albacore (Thunnus alalunga)

206 p.Esta tesis se centró en la aplicación de altas presiones hidrostáticas (APH) para mejorar la calidad del atún blanco (Thunnus alalunga) congelado y, más concretamente, para disminuir las pérdidas de peso asociadas a la descongelación. Para ello, se aplicaron diferentes pretratamientos por APH tanto en atún blanco fresco tanto (refrigerado) como congelado (antes de la congelación, antes del almacenamiento en congelación y antes de la descongelación) y se evaluó su impacto en diferentes parámetros de calidad (pérdidas de peso, color, textura, oxidación lipídica, contenido de proteína soluble en solución salina). Los pretratamientos por APH permitieron disminuir las pérdidas de peso asociadas a la descongelación. Concretamente, los pretratamientos a 200 MPa durante 6 min permitieron mantener estables las pérdidas de peso asociadas a la descongelación a lo largo del almacenamiento en congelación, mientras que en las muestras no tratadas, estas fueron aumentando con el almacenamiento en congelación.Por tanto, los pretratamientos por APH son una tecnología de gran utilidad para reducir las pérdidas de peso producidas durante el procesado y el almacenamiento del pescado congelado, mejorando así su calidad

El sol se esconde detrás de una montaña : concepciones alternativas sobre el sistema solar de niños y niñas de diferentes contextos

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo investigativo, tiene como fin analizar la Movilización de las Concepciones Alternativas sobre el Sistema Solar de niños y niñas entre los siete a diez años, que asisten a la Institución Educativa Javiera Londoño-sección escuela Antonia Santos ubicada en la ciudad de Medellín y al Centro Educativo Rural Pescadero en el municipio de Támesis - Antioquia. Para lo anterior, se implementa la metodología de Sistematización de experiencias la cual permitió hacer un análisis profundo y paralelo entre el desarrollo de una Secuencia Didáctica, diseñada a partir de la didáctica de la Astronomía, y la información recolectada, mediante algunos instrumentos de corte cualitativo, sobre las Concepciones que presentan algunos niños, niñas, maestras y acudientes de ambos contextos, lo que permitió reconocer: las Concepciones Alternativas sobre el Sistema Solar, sus posibles orígenes y las estrategias y herramientas más oportunas para la Movilización de las mismas. De donde resulta que la mayoría de Concepciones que presentan los estudiantes de ambas instituciones educativas coinciden entre sí, sin embargo hay factores vinculados a los recursos del contexto que influyen en el acercamiento que los niños y niñas tienen con los postulados científicos, así mismo se encuentra que existen tres orígenes: sensorial, socio-cultural y escolar, de cada uno de estos se pueden desprender diferentes experiencias, creencias y prácticas individuales y sociales que continuamente convergen en las personas, por último se establece que la Movilización de las Concepciones Alternativas requiere de procesos continuos y constantes, por lo cual en esta experiencia investigativa no se puede afirmar que todos los estudiantes movilizan cada una de las Concepciones que se encontraron frente al Sistema Solar, pues si bien hubo avances significativos, resulta necesario continuar trabajando bajo procesos reflexivos y con estrategias didácticas acordes a las particularidades de cada contexto.ABSTRACT : The purpose of this research work is to analyze the mobilization of the Alternative Conceptions on the Solar System of children between seven and ten years old, who attend the Javiera Londoño Educational Institution-Antonia Santos school section located in the city of Medellín and the Pescadero Rural Educational Center in the municipality of Támesis - Antioquia. For the above, the methodology of Systematization of experiences is implemented, which allowed a deep and parallel analysis between the development of a didactic Sequence, designed based on the teaching of Astronomy, and the information collected, through some qualitative instruments , on the Conceptions presented by some children, teachers and legal guardians of both contexts, which allowed to recognize: the Alternative Conceptions about the Solar System, its possible origins and the most appropriate strategies and tools for mobilizing them. From which it turns out that the majority of Conceptions presented by the students of both educational institutions coincide with each other, however there are factors linked to the resources of the context that influence the approach that children have with scientific postulates, likewise it is found that there are three origins of these conceptions: sensory, socio-cultural and school, from each of these different experiences, beliefs and individual and social practices that continually converge in people can be detached, finally it is established that the mobilization of Alternative Conceptions requires of continuous and constant processes, so in this research experience it cannot be stated that all students mobilize each one of the Conceptions that were found regarding the Solar System, because although there were significant advances, it is necessary to continue working under reflective processes and with didactic strategies according to the particularities of each context

Lipophilic 9,10-Dehydrofukinone Action on Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms. Why Is This Main Volatile Metabolite in Senecio?

The effect of a natural sesquiterpene ketone, 9,10-dehydrofukinone (DHF), on pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from chronic infectious processes, was the focus of the present study. Lipophilic DHF produced important antibacterial synergistic effects in association with ciprofloxacin (CPX) against two biofilm-forming strains of S. aureus HT1 (FIC=0.21) and P. aeruginosa HT5 (FIC=0.05). Hence, this mixture constitutes an excellent strategy to combat these biofilm-producing bacteria that overexpress drug efflux pumps as a resistance mechanism. Additionally, a substantial rise in beneficial Lactobacillus biofilm biomass was determined as a very significant finding of this association. Particularly, a non-pathogenic biofilm increment of 119% was quantified when the mixture was added to a probiotic L. acidophilus ATCC SD-5212 culture. A surface activity enhanced in 71% with respect to untreated L. acidophilus culture was also generated by the DHF and CPX association, and therefore, a glycoprotein synthesis induction mediated by the mixture is discussed. The results obtained could help in the development of new selective antibiotics. From an ecological standpoint, the present study strongly suggests that DHF is a polyfunctional organic molecule produced with a high yield in Senecio punae that exerts a positive impact on a non-pathogenic plant bacterium L. plantarum CE105.Fil: Verni, Maria Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; ArgentinaFil: Garay, José A.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Mendoza, Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Bardón, Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Borkosky, Susana Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Arena, Mario Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; ArgentinaFil: Cartagena, Elena. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentin

Genomic Analysis of Molecular Bacterial Mechanisms of Resistance to Phage Infection

[Abstract] To optimize phage therapy, we need to understand how bacteria evolve against phage attacks. One of the main problems of phage therapy is the appearance of bacterial resistance variants. The use of genomics to track antimicrobial resistance is increasingly developed and used in clinical laboratories. For that reason, it is important to consider, in an emerging future with phage therapy, to detect and avoid phage-resistant strains that can be overcome by the analysis of metadata provided by whole-genome sequencing. Here, we identified genes associated with phage resistance in 18 Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains belonging to the ST-2 clonal complex during a decade (Ab2000 vs. 2010): 9 from 2000 to 9 from 2010. The presence of genes putatively associated with phage resistance was detected. Genes detected were associated with an abortive infection system, restriction–modification system, genes predicted to be associated with defense systems but with unknown function, and CRISPR-Cas system. Between 118 and 171 genes were found in the 18 clinical strains. On average, 26% of these genes were detected inside genomic islands in the 2000 strains and 32% in the 2010 strains. Furthermore, 38 potential CRISPR arrays in 17 of 18 of the strains were found, as well as 705 proteins associated with CRISPR-Cas systems. A moderately higher presence of these genes in the strains of 2010 in comparison with those of 2000 was found, especially those related to the restriction–modification system and CRISPR-Cas system. The presence of these genes in genomic islands at a higher rate in the strains of 2010 compared with those of 2000 was also detected. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics could be powerful tools to avoid drawbacks when a personalized therapy is applied. In this study, it allows us to take care of the phage resistance in A. baumannii clinical strains to prevent a failure in possible phage therapy.This study was funded by grants PI16/01163 and PI19/00878 awarded to MT within the State Plan for R + D + I 2013–2016 (National Plan for Scientific Research, Technological Development and Innovation 2008–2011) and co-financed by the ISCIII-Deputy General Directorate of evaluation and Promotion of Research-European Regional Development Fund “A way of Making Europe” and Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER. MT was financially supported by the Miguel Servet Research Programme (SERGAS and ISCIII

Comparative analysis of curricula of associate degree programs in marketing

This work is a comparative analysis of the curricula of associate degree programs in marketing offered by 8 Higher Education Institutions in Colombia registered in the information system of the National Ministry of Education of Colombia. Their study plans and references were compared to establish the courses of interest. Finally, professors in this field participated in a survey. The results show differences in terms of courses per field and number of courses, among other aspects

Molecular studies of phages-Klebsiella pneumoniae in mucoid environment: innovative use of mucolytic agents prior to the administration of lytic phages

Mucins are important glycoproteins that form a protective layer throughout the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. There is scientific evidence of increase in phage-resistance in the presence of mucin for some bacterial pathogens. Manipulation in mucin composition may ultimately influence the effectiveness of phage therapy. In this work, two clinical strains of K. pneumoniae (K3574 and K3325), were exposed to the lytic bacteriophage vB_KpnS-VAC35 in the presence and absence of mucin on a long-term co-evolution assay, in an attempt to mimic in vitro the exposure to mucins that bacteria and their phages face in vivo. Enumerations of the bacterial and phage counts at regular time intervals were conducted, and extraction of the genomic DNA of co-evolved bacteria to the phage, the mucin and both was performed. We determined the frequency of phage-resistant mutants in the presence and absence of mucin and including a mucolytic agent (N-acetyl L-cysteine, NAC), and sequenced them using Nanopore. We phenotypically demonstrated that the presence of mucin induces the emergence of bacterial resistance against lytic phages, effectively decreased in the presence of NAC. In addition, the genomic analysis revealed some of the genes relevant to the development of phage resistance in long-term co-evolution, with a special focus on the mucoid environment. Genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates were mutated in the presence of mucin. In conclusion, the use of mucolytic agents prior to the administration of lytic phages could be an interesting therapeutic option when addressing K. pneumoniae infections in environments where mucin is overproduced.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the projects PI19/00878 and PI22/00323 and co-funded by the European Union, and by the Study Group on Mechanisms of Action and Resistance to Antimicrobials, GEMARA (SEIMC). (SEIMC, http://www.seimc.org/). This research was also supported by CIBERINFEC (CIBER21/13/00095) and by Personalized and precision medicine grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (MePRAM Project, PMP22/00092). MT was financially supported by the Miguel Servet Research Programme (SERGAS and ISCIII). OP, LF-G, and ML were financially supported by the grants IN606A-2020/035, IN606B-2021/013, and IN606C-2022/002, respectively (GAIN, Xunta de Galicia). IB was financially supported by the pFIS program (ISCIII, FI20/00302). Finally, to thank to PIRASOA laboratory which is the reference laboratory for molecular typing of nosocomial pathogens and detection of mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials of health interest in Andalusia, Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville, to send us the clinical isolates. Thanks to Alvaro Pascual and Luis Martínez-Martínez from Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville and Reina Sofia Hospital, Cordoba.S

Phenotypic and Genomic Comparison of Klebsiella pneumoniae Lytic Phages: vB_KpnM-VAC66 and vB_KpnM-VAC13

[Abstract] Klebsiella pneumoniae is a human pathogen that worsens the prognosis of many immunocompromised patients. Here, we annotated and compared the genomes of two lytic phages that infect clinical strains of K. pneumoniae (vB_KpnM-VAC13 and vB_KpnM-VAC66) and phenotypically characterized vB_KpnM-VAC66 (time of adsorption of 12 min, burst size of 31.49 ± 0.61 PFU/infected cell, and a host range of 20.8% of the tested strains). Transmission electronic microscopy showed that vB_KpnM-VAC66 belongs to the Myoviridae family. The genomic analysis of the phage vB_KpnM-VAC66 revealed that its genome encoded 289 proteins. When compared to the genome of vB_KpnM-VAC13, they showed a nucleotide similarity of 97.56%, with a 93% of query cover, and the phylogenetic study performed with other Tevenvirinae phages showed a close common ancestor. However, there were 21 coding sequences which differed. Interestingly, the main differences were that vB_KpnM-VAC66 encoded 10 more homing endonucleases than vB_KpnM-VAC13, and that the nucleotidic and amino-acid sequences of the L-shaped tail fiber protein were highly dissimilar, leading to different three-dimensional protein predictions. Both phages differed significantly in their host range. These viruses may be useful in the development of alternative therapies to antibiotics or as a co-therapy increasing its antimicrobial potential, especially when addressing multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens.This study was funded by grants PI19/00878 awarded to M. Tomás within the State Plan for R+D+I 2013-2016 (National Plan for Scientific Research, Technological Development and Innovation 2008–2011) and co-financed by the ISCIII-Deputy General Directorate for Evaluation and Promotion of Research—European Regional Development Fund “A way of Making Europe” and Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER, Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI, RD16/0016/0001, RD16/0016/0006 and RD16/CIII/0004/0002) and by the Study Group on Mechanisms of Action and Resistance to Antimicrobials, GEMARA (SEIMC, http://www.seimc.org/ accessed on 1 February 2021) and project PID2020-112835RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033, and project SEJIGENT/2021/014 funded by Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital (Generalitat Valenciana). M. Tomás was financially supported by the Miguel Servet Research Programme (SERGAS and ISCIII). O. Pacios, L. Fernández-García and M. López were financially supported by the grants IN606A-2020/035, IN606B-2021/013 and IN606B-2018/008, respectively (GAIN, Xunta de Galicia). I. Bleriot was financially supported by pFIS program (ISCIII, FI20/00302). P. Domingo-Calap was financially supported by a Ramón y Cajal contract RYC2019-028015-I funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033, ESF Invest in your futureGeneralitat Valenciana; SEJIGENT/2021/014Xunta de Galicia; IN606A-2020/035Xunta de Galicia; IN606B-2021/013Xunta de Galicia; IN606B-2018/00

Adaptation of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to the combination of niclosamide with the efflux pump inhibitor phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PaβN): co-resistance to antimicrobials

Objectives: To search for new means of combatting carbapenemase-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae by repurposing the anti-helminth drug niclosamide as an antimicrobial agent and combining it with the efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PaβN). Methods: Niclosamide and PaβN MICs were determined for six clinical K. pneumoniae isolates harbouring different carbapenemases by broth microdilution and chequerboard assays. Time-kill curves in the presence of each drug alone and in combination were conducted. The viability of bacterial cells in the presence of repetitive exposures at 8 h to the treatment at the same concentration of niclosamide and/or PaβN (adapted isolates) was determined. The acrAB-tolC genes and their regulators were sequenced and quantitative RT-PCR was performed to assess whether the acrA gene was overexpressed in adapted isolates compared with non-adapted isolates. Finally, the MICs of several antimicrobials were determined for the adapted isolates. Results: Niclosamide and PaβN had synergistic effects on the six isolates in vitro, but adaptation appeared when the treatment was applied to the medium every 8 h, with an increase of 6- to 12-fold in the MIC of PaβN. Sequencing revealed different mutations in the regulators of the tripartite AcrAB-TolC efflux pump (ramR and acrR) that may be responsible for the overexpression of the efflux pump and the adaptation to this combination. Co-resistance to different antimicrobials confirmed the overexpression of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump. Conclusions: Despite the synergistic effect that preliminary in vitro stages may suggest, the combinations of drugs and EPI may generate adapted phenotypes associated with antimicrobial resistance that must be taken into consideration

Regulation of anti-phage defense mechanisms by using cinnamaldehyde as a quorum sensing inhibitor

BackgroundMultidrug-resistant bacteria and the shortage of new antibiotics constitute a serious health problem. This problem has led to increased interest in the use of bacteriophages, which have great potential as antimicrobial agents but also carry the risk of inducing resistance. The objective of the present study was to minimize the development of phage resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains by inhibiting quorum sensing (QS) and thus demonstrate the role of QS in regulating defense mechanisms.ResultsCinnamaldehyde (CAD) was added to K. pneumoniae cultures to inhibit QS and thus demonstrate the role of the signaling system in regulating the anti-phage defense mechanism. The QS inhibitory activity of CAD in K. pneumoniae was confirmed by a reduction in the quantitative expression of the lsrB gene (AI-2 pathway) and by proteomic analysis. The infection assays showed that the phage was able to infect a previously resistant K. pneumoniae strain in the cultures to which CAD was added. The results were confirmed using proteomic analysis. Thus, anti-phage defense-related proteins from different systems, such as cyclic oligonucleotide-based bacterial anti-phage signaling systems (CBASS), restriction–modification (R–M) systems, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas (CRISPR-Cas) system, and bacteriophage control infection (BCI), were present in the cultures with phage but not in the cultures with phage and CAD. When the QS and anti-phage defense systems were inhibited by the combined treatment, proteins related to phage infection and proliferation, such as the tail fiber protein, the cell division protein DamX, and the outer membrane channel protein TolC, were detected.ConclusionInhibition of QS reduces phage resistance in K. pneumoniae, resulting in the infection of a previously resistant strain by phage, with a significant increase in phage proliferation and a significant reduction in bacterial growth. QS inhibitors could be considered for therapeutic application by including them in phage cocktails or in phage-antibiotic combinations to enhance synergistic effects and reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance

Nuestras Voces : Una apuesta pedagógica para la participación en los procesos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes emberas

Esta cartilla tiene como propósito compartir con maestros y maestras una serie de actividades que promueven la participación de las niñas y los niños embera en la escuela. Su contenido deriva de la investigación “Perspectivas sobre la participación en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes embera chamí de dos instituciones educativas urbanas del municipio de Pereira”, financiada por la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Innovación y Extensión de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Dicha investigación fue ejecutada por los Semilleros de Investigación Diversidad y Educación Inclusiva y Concepciones de Práctica Pedagógica, ambos pertenecientes al Grupo de Investigación Educación y Tecnología de la misma universidad.Proyecto financiado por la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira en el marco de la convocatoria de proyectos de Semilleros de investigación 2020.Vicerrectoria de investigación, innovaión y extensión Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira.Tabla de contenidos Presentación............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 ¿Por qué hablar de participación en el aula?................................................................................................................................. 10 Capítulo 1................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Las expresiones artísticas mediadoras de interculturalidad....................................................................................................... 12 La participación desde las educación artística.............................................................................................................................. 13 1. Libertad, arte y expresión............................................................................................................................................................ 13 2. La magia del Bastón Jai. ............................................................................................................................................................... 14 3. Ocama: Arte curativo.................................................................................................................................................................... 17 4. Confeccionando interculturalidad y folclor. .............................................................................................................................. 19 5. Brisas y sonidos ............................................................................................................................................................................ 21 6. Cafecito con la Dachi Name......................................................................................................................................................... 23 7. Kipará: Trazos corporales en la otredad.................................................................................................................................... 25 Glosario.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Referencias ................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Capítulo 2................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 Un mundo que proteger para protegernos .................................................................................................................................. 29 La participación desde las ciencias naturales ............................................................................................................................... 30 1. Conexión natural: un legado cultural para el cuidado animal................................................................................................ 31 2. Animales y relatos................................................................................................................................................................. 32 3. Relatos de la naturaleza............................................................................................................................................................... 34 4. Leyendas que protegen nuestra tierra ...................................................................................................................................... 36 5. Plantas que cuidamos y nos cuidan........................................................................................................................................... 38 Capítulo 3................................................................................................................................................................................ 42 La enseñanza de las ciencias sociales como espacio de participación en el aula y en la sociedad .......... 42 ¿Cómo promover la participación de los estudiantes embera en las prácticas de enseñanza de las ciencias sociales?.... 43 1. Sapo de otro pozo ................................................................................................................................................................. 44 2. Respeto a la diversidad................................................................................................................................................................ 45 3. Mi familia, tu familia, nuestra familia......................................................................................................................................... 46 4. Una línea a través del tiempo ..................................................................................................................................................... 49 5. El caso de Juan ........................................................................................................................................................................ 53 6. El extraterrestre ...................................................................................................................................................................... 56 7. ¿De la Conquista a la barbarie?................................................................................................................................................... 46 Recursos electrónicos................................................................................................................................................................ 49 Referencias ................................................................................................................................................................................... 49 Capítulo 4................................................................................................................................................................................ 60 Literatura y oralidad: del relato común como fuente de participación........................................................................................ 60 1. Los curanderos de Maya la guacamaya..................................................................................................................................... 62 2. La tienda diversa..................................................................................................................................................................... 65 3. Medicina tradicional: entre recetas y saberes .......................................................................................................................... 66 4. Poetas ancestrales................................................................................................................................................................. 68 5. Historiadores de los acervos culturales de las prácticas curativas ancestrales y populares.............................................. 69 Referencias ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7