Research Notes : Oviposition of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in F1 soybean plants of crosses between PI 229,358 and commercial varieties

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is an important vector of virus diseases of cotton, soybean, bean, tomato and other crops. Soybean is a good host for this insect and the increase in the soybean acreage in Brazil has brought an uprise in the whitefly population and whitefly-transmitted viruses. The introduction of resistance against this whitefly in soybean commercial varieties may benefit many crops in Brazil

Dimensionamento Ótimo de Pilares Mistos Preenchidos de Aço e Concreto

A utilização de perfis de aço de seções tubulares para pilares mistos preenchidos é uma solução interessante para a construção civil. Este tipo de perfil, devido a sua forma geométrica, apresenta grande resistência aos esforços solicitantes de maneira geral, possuindo três tipos de geometrias de seções transversais disponíveis, retangular, quadrangular e circular, com ou sem armaduras longitudinais. No Brasil, o dimensionamento de pilares mistos preenchidos é coberto pela NBR 8800:2008 Projeto de estruturas de aço e de estruturas mistas de aço e concreto de edifícios. Porém, tendo em vista que os perfis tubulares apresentam certas particularidades, a Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas publicou a NBR 16239:2013 Projeto de estruturas de aço e estruturas mistas de aço e concreto de edificações com perfis tubulares, com o intuito de apresentar cálculos mais precisos para estes tipos de perfis. Na Europa, o dimensionamento é coberto pelo Eurocódigo 4:2004 Projeto de estruturas mistas aço-betão Parte 1-1: Regras gerais e regras para edifícios. Assim, visto que os pilares são elementos essencialmente comprimidos e podem estar sujeitos a flexo-compressão, deve-se verificar a viabilidade de utilização dessas resistências no dimensionamento dos mesmos. Dessa forma, com o intuito de reduzir custos, no geral, em virtude do carregamento existente, deseja-se definir uma geometria ótima. Deste modo, este trabalho visa reunir os critérios para o dimensionamento de pilares mistos preenchidos e utilizar o software Matlab para fazer a otimização, pelo Método dos Pontos Interiores, Método da Programação Quadrática Sequencial e Método do Algoritmo Genético. Os resultados encontrados pelo software elaborado demonstraram que o Método dos Pontos Interiores e o Método da Programação Quadrática Sequencial obtiveram os menores custos enquanto os resultados encontrados para o Método do Algoritmo Genético foram relativamente superiores devido a utilização de catálogos de perfis tubulares

Evaluating categories of resistance in soybean genotypes from the United States and Brazil to \u3ci\u3eAphis glycines\u3c/i\u3e (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the soybean aphid, has become an important pest of soybeans, leading to significant yield losses in the United States. Host plant resistance is a viable alternative for managing A. glycines. The objectives of this study were to identify and categorize sources of resistance in soybean to A. glycines on genotypes from the United States and Brazil. An antixenosis assay was initially conducted with 8 genotypes to evaluate attractiveness to A. glycines. The selected soybean genotypes were further evaluated in a colonization assay to investigate the resistance of the genotypes at V1 (fully developed leaves at unifoliate node, 1st trifoliate leaf unrolled) and V3 (fully developed leaf at 2nd trifoliate node, 3rd trifoliate leaf unrolled) stages. An antibiosis assay was also conducted, in which multiple biological parameters of A. glycines were recorded. In the antixenosis assay, PI 200538, IAC 24, and IAC 17 genotypes were least attractive to adults of A. glycines, indicating moderate levels of antixenosis. The colonization assay showed that genotypes infested at the V3 stage had greater resistance when compared with the respective plants infested at the V1 stage. In addition, high levels of antibiosis to A. glycines were found in UX 2569-159, PI 200538, and PI 243540 genotypes. The identification of soybeans with resistance to A. glycines is of importance for the integrated pest management of this insect pest in the United States. Moreover, this research represents the first report on potential sources of resistance to A. glycines in soybeans from Brazil. O pulgão-da-soja, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), tornou-se uma importante praga da soja, levando a significativas perdas de produção nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA). A resistência de plantas é considerada uma alternativa viável para o manejo de A. glycines. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar e categorizar fontes de resistência em soja a A. glycines, avaliando genótipos dessa leguminosa do Brasil e EUA. Um ensaio de antixenose foi conduzido inicialmente com oito genótipos de soja a fim de avaliar a atratividade de A. glycines. Os genótipos selecionados foram posteriormente avaliados em um ensaio de colonização, visando verificar sua resistência nos estádios V1 (folhas do primeiro nó totalmente desenvolvidas; primeiro trifólio aberto) e V3 (folhas do segundo trifólio totalmente desenvolvidas; folhas do terceiro trifólio abertas). Um ensaio de antibiose também foi realizado, avaliando-se diversos parâmetros biológicos de A. glycines. No ensaio de antixenose, os genótipos PI 200538, IAC 24 e IAC 17 foram menos atrativos a adultos de A. glycines, indicando níveis moderados de antixenose. O ensaio de colonização mostrou que genótipos de soja infestados no estádio V3 apresentam maior resistência em comparação com plantas infestadas no estádio V1. Em adição, este estudo constatou altos níveis de antibiose para A. glycines nos genótipos UX 2569-159, PI 200538 e PI 243540. A identificação de genótipos de soja com resistência a A. glycines é importante para os programas de manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) nos EUA. Em adição, esta pesquisa apresenta o primeiro registro de genótipos de soja brasileiros como potenciais fontes de resistência ao pulgão-da-soja

The effectiveness of educational interventions to develop patient safety knowledge, skills, behaviours, and attitudes in undergraduate nursing students: a systematic review [Abstract]

Background and aim: Nurses are crucial in ensuring patient safety, coordinating care and developing organisational structures to improve health outcomes. Therefore, undergraduate nursing education programs should be designed to provide future nurses with the knowledge, skills, behaviours, and attitudes that align with patient safety principles and improve the quality of healthcare systems. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions in developing patient safety knowledge, skills, behaviours and attitudes in undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A systematic review of effectiveness was conducted following The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Published studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish were searched from July 2011 to January 2022 across seven databases. Grey literature was also assessed. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts and appraised the full text using standardised JBI tools. Data was extracted using an adapted instrument from JBI. Due to heterogeneities in intervention characteristics, studies methodologies and outcomes measures, meta-analysis was not feasible, and the findings were presented narratively. Results: Thirty quantitative studies met the review criteria. They were rated from low to moderate risk of bias. Several teaching methods were applied, and the effectiveness of these interventions was inconsistent with increasing patient safety knowledge, skills, behaviours and attitudes across nursing students in all years of the programme. Conclusion: More robust research is recommended to understand the impact of interventions to teach patient safety to undergraduate nursing students. Incorporating safety principles into the curriculum and maintaining a consistent focus throughout the nursing student's education is paramount

Stab Injury to the Preauricular Region With Laceration of the External Carotid Artery Without Involvement of the Facial Nerve: a Case Report

BACKGROUND: Open injuries to the face involving the external carotid artery are uncommon. These injuries are normally associated with laceration of the facial nerve because this nerve is more superficial than the external carotid artery. Hence, external carotid artery lesions are usually associated with facial nerve dysfunction. We present an unusual case report in which the patient had an injury to this artery with no facial nerve compromise. CASE PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old Portuguese man sustained a stab wound injury to his right preauricular region with a broken glass. Immediate profuse bleeding ensued. Provisory tamponade of the wound was achieved at the place of aggression by two off-duty doctors. He was initially transferred to a district hospital, where a large arterial bleeding was observed and a temporary compressive dressing was applied. Subsequently, the patient was transferred to a tertiary hospital. At admission in the emergency room, he presented a pulsating lesion in the right preauricular region and slight weakness in the territory of the inferior buccal branch of the facial nerve. The physical examination suggested an arterial lesion superficial to the facial nerve. However, in the operating theater, a section of the posterior and lateral flanks of the external carotid artery inside the parotid gland was identified. No lesion of the facial nerve was observed, and the external carotid artery was repaired. To better understand the anatomical rationale of this uncommon clinical case, we dissected the preauricular region of six cadavers previously injected with colored latex solutions in the vascular system. A small triangular space between the two main branches of division of the facial nerve in which the external carotid artery was not covered by the facial nerve was observed bilaterally in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: This clinical case illustrates that, in a preauricular wound, the external carotid artery can be injured without facial nerve damage. However, no similar description was found in the reviewed literature, which suggests that this must be a very rare occurrence. According to the dissection study performed, this is due to the existence of a triangular space between the cervicofacial and temporofacial nerve trunks in which the external carotid artery is not covered by the facial nerve or its branches.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sensitive electrochemical determination of yohimbine in primary bark of natural aphrodisiacs using boron-doped diamond electrode

For the first time, a simple and sensitive analytical method for the direct determination of yohimbine is presented using differential pulse voltammetry with a boron-doped diamond electrode. Two irreversible oxidation peaks, a distinct one at +0.80 and a second poorly-defined one at +1.65 V, were observed when cyclic voltammetry was carried out in Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 7 (vs. Ag/AgCl). With optimized differential pulse voltammetric parameters (pulse amplitude 100 mV, pulse time 25 ms, step potential 5 mV and scan rate 10 mV s(-1)), the current response of yohimbine at +0.80 V was linearly proportional to the concentration in the range from 0.25 to 90.9 mu mol L-1 with a low detection limit of 0.13 mu mol L-1 (0.046 mg L-1) and a good repeatability (relative standard deviation of 2.5% at 18.4 mu mol L-1 for n = 6). The practical applicability of the developed method was demonstrated by the assessment of the total content of yohimbine in extracts of the primary bark of natural aphrodisiacs such as Pausinystalia yohimbe and Rauvolfia serpentina with recoveries in the range of 92-97%. The proposed electrochemical procedure represents an inexpensive and effective analytical alternative for the quality control analysis of products containing yohimbine and other biologically and structurally related alkaloids used as natural dietary supplements

Research Notes : Oviposition of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in F1 soybean plants of crosses between PI 229,358 and commercial varieties

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is an important vector of virus diseases of cotton, soybean, bean, tomato and other crops. Soybean is a good host for this insect and the increase in the soybean acreage in Brazil has brought an uprise in the whitefly population and whitefly-transmitted viruses. The introduction of resistance against this whitefly in soybean commercial varieties may benefit many crops in Brazil.</p