Modelling the EB-PVD thermal barrier coating process: Component clusters and shadow masks

Electron beam-physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) is a commonly employed process for the production of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), used in high performance applications such as gas turbines high-pressure aerofoil blades for the aerospace industry. Computer modelling can contribute to improved control of the coating process, important to support a continuous drive for increased efficiency. This paper considers two aspects associated with the EB-PVD coating of TBCs for commercial application: firstly, that clusters of blades are coated simultaneously in commercial coaters and, secondly, that these parts possess a complex geometry, such that shadow masks need to be taken into account. In this context, a computer model that calculates coating thickness distribution along the surface of different engine components, based on the analysis of the vapour deposition flux around complex geometries, is presented. To validate the predictive capability of the computer model two deposition trials were performed. Firstly, a cluster of components was simulated using three rotating cylinders, as a simple representation of coating multiple blades. Secondly, the effect of shadow masks was studied with an arrangement in which flat plates were welded, in the form of a U-shaped component, but with one side shorter than the other. The predicted results generated by the computer model compare favourably with those measured in the experimental runs presented. For the cluster of three cylinders, an error of 4% was obtained whilst the divergence was around 20% for the simulated shadow mask due to the fact that overall coating thickness was significantly reduced. In spite of this, the results obtained from the model were promising with respect to the degree of fit of the inverse square law. It is thought that a virtual source may be responsible for measurements being generally higher than those predicted by the model

The extracurricular internship in international mobility: a Portuguese-Brazilian experience report

Os programas de mobilidade responsáveis pela mobilidade de um maior número de estudantes para o Instituto Politécnico de Bragança são a Mobilidade Erasmus e Mobilidade Extracomunitária (ou Mobilidade Internacional). A mobilidade internacional de estudantes permite a realização de um período de mobilidade em Institutos de Ensino Superior de países de expressão portuguesa e extracomunitários. Pode ser realizada em ciclos de estudos como licenciatura e mestrado, para frequência de unidades curriculares, realização de estágios extracurriculares e profissionais, entre outros. O presente trabalho relata uma experiência de estudantes e orientadores no âmbito do seu estágio extracurricular que correspondeu a seis ECTS (Sistema Europeu de Transferência e Acumulação de Créditos), no primeiro semestre do ano de 2021-2022, no Centro de Investigação em Educação Básica do IPB, Portugal. Participaram deste tipo de estágio dois alunos brasileiros em mobilidade no período de outubro/2021 a fevereiro/2022 e dois professores orientadores. O estágio compreendeu um projeto de investigação na área de licenciatura dos alunos, a saber: (i) Metodologias Ativas e as Tecnologias Digitais na Aprendizagem (revisão sistemática de trabalhos publicados nesta temática com vista a verificar as potencialidades do uso das tecnologias digitais para suportar as metodologias ativas usadas no processo de aprendizagem do aluno); e (ii) O currículo da área de Ciências da Natureza no Brasil e Portugal no Ensino Básico (estudo comparativo entre os conteúdos de Ciências da Natureza dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental (7o, 8o e 9o), presentes na Base Nacional Comum Curricular do Brasil, e dos conteúdos das Ciências Naturais do 3o Ciclo do Ensino Básico Português, presentes nas Aprendizagens Essenciais da Direção Geral da Educação Portuguesa). A operacionalização da orientação foi feita por recursos digitais de comunicação e colaboração, especificamente na plataforma ZOOM Colibri, para as reuniões de orientações semanais e no aplicativo Documentos da Google, para o desenvolvimento do projeto. Os procedimentos orientados durante o estágio promoveram a participação ativa dos alunos e o desenvolvimento de competências para aprender a aprender, colaborar, ter autonomia e iniciativa pessoal, competências cognitivas, digitais e interpessoais. Como resultado, cada um dos alunos produziu o seu relatório de estágio e o correspondente artigo científico, incluindo a investigação realizada para futura comunicação em Conferência Científica.The mobility programs responsible for the mobility of a greater number of students to the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança are Erasmus Mobility and Extra-Community Mobility (or International Mobility). International student mobility allows mobility for a specific period in Higher Education Institutes in Portuguese-speaking and non-EU countries. It can be carried out in cycles of studies such as bachelor's and master's degrees, for attendance of curricular units, extracurricular and professional internships, among others. The present work reports an experience of students and supervisors within the scope of their extracurricular internship that corresponded to six ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System), in the first semester of the 2021-2022 academic year, at the Research Center in Basic Education of the IPB, Portugal. Two Brazilian mobility students participated in this type of internship from October/2021 to February/2022 and two mentor teachers. The internship comprised a research project in the students' degree area, namely: (i) Active Methodologies and Digital Technologies in Learning (systematic review of published works on this topic in order to verify the potential of the use of digital technologies to support the active methodologies used in the student's learning process); and (ii) The curriculum in the area of Natural Sciences in Brazil and Portugal in Basic Education (comparative study between the contents of Natural Sciences in the final years of Elementary School (7th, 8th and 9th), present in the National Common Curricular Base in Brazil, and in the contents of the Natural Sciences of the 3rd Cycle of Portuguese Basic Education, present in the Essential Learnings of the General Directorate of Portuguese Education). The operationalization of the orientation was done by digital resources of communication and collaboration, specifically in the ZOOM Colibri platform, for the weekly orientation meetings and in the Google Documents application, for the development of the project. The guided procedures during the internship promoted the active participation of students and the development of skills to learn to learn, collaborate, have autonomy and personal initiative, cognitive, digital and interpersonal skills. As a result, each of the students produced their internship report and the corresponding scientific article, including the research carried out for future communication at a Scientific Conference.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Modelo de intervenção multicamadas

Tendo em vista a necessidade de assegurar aos alunos o acesso ao ensino de qualidade, pesquisa-se sobre as contribuições do modelo de intervenção multicamadas, sob a atuação neuropsicopedagógica institucional, para oportunizar estratégias de avaliação e intervenção ao favorecer a adoção de práticas educacionais, baseadas em evidências. Realiza-se uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica par analisar os modelos de intervenções educacionais em diversos níveis de grupos e educandos e que promovam a inclusão. Relata a demanda por orientação de um profissional, que entenda a relação entre o funcionamento do sistema nervoso e a aprendizagem humana, com foco na reintegração pessoal, social e escolar dos envolvidos: o Neuropsicopedagogo. O estudo propõe o diálogo entre o modelo de resposta à intervenção e a intervenção neuropsicopedagógica, tendo em vista suas devidas adequações e/ou adaptações, considerando-se o campo de estudo e atuação do neuropsicopedagogo. Constata-se que o investimento em programas baseados em evidências, que por meio da neuropsicopedagogia auxiliem tanto o professor quanto o aluno com dificuldades de aprendizagem é essencial na construção de um ambiente escolar compatível com o neurodesenvolvimento, inclusivo, que compreenda as potencialidades educacionais de cada indivíduo

Skills in Reading and Mathematics: Perceptions of Teachers about the Possible Impacts of Remote Teaching on Students of the Elementary School, from a Neuropsychopedagogical Perspective

This study analyzed impacts caused by the emergency implementation of distance education, during the COVID 19 Pandemic, through the perceptions of 6th grade teachers in public schools located in Baixada Fluminense, State of Rio de Janeiro. Teachers participated, among the subjects of Portuguese Language and Mathematics, through Google Forms, which made it possible to collect data from those who are on the front line, working directly with our students. Our data proved that the pedagogical losses that occurred during the implementation period of remote teaching are significant. Therefore, we point out paths that are already yielding excellent results through evidence shown in schools, in loco, with the inclusion of Neuropsychopedagogy protocols, the science of learning. The notes and study shown here about the impacts of remote teaching on the learning of our students in basic skills in the curricular components of reading and Mathematics, suggest a great need to intensify studies on the subject and propose a dialogue with the theoretical and methodological contributions of Neuropsychopedagogy

High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Model Does Not Promote Endothelial Dysfunction via Increasing Leptin/Akt/eNOS Signaling

Experimental studies show that the unsaturated high-fat diet-induced obesity promotes vascular alterations characterized by improving the endothelial L-arginine/Nitric Oxide (NO) pathway. Leptin seems to be involved in this process, promoting vasodilation via increasing NO bioavailability. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that unsaturated high-fat diet-induced obesity does not generate endothelial dysfunction via increasing the vascular leptin/Akt/eNOS signaling. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: control (C) and obese (Ob). Group C was fed a standard diet, while group Ob was fed an unsaturated high-fat diet for 27 weeks. Adiposity, hormonal and biochemical parameters, and systolic blood pressure were observed. Concentration response curves were performed for leptin or acetylcholine in the presence or absence of Akt and NOS inhibitor. Our results showed that an unsaturated high-fat diet promoted a greater feed efficiency (FE), elevation of body weight and body fat (BF), and an adiposity index, characterizing a model of obesity. However, comorbidities frequently associated with experimental obesity were not visualized, such as glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The evaluation of the endothelium-dependent relaxation with acetylcholine showed no differences between the C and Ob rats. After NOS inhibition, the response was completely abolished in the Ob group, but not in the C group. Furthermore, Akt inhibition completely blunted vascular relaxation in the C group, but not in the Ob group, which was more sensitive to leptin-induced vascular relaxation. L-NAME incubation abolished the relaxation in both groups at the same level. Although Akt inhibitor pre-incubation reduced the leptin response, group C was more sensitive to its effect. In conclusion, the high-unsaturated fat diet-induced obesity improved the vascular reactivity to leptin and does not generate endothelial dysfunction, possibly by the increase in the vascular sensitivity to leptin and increasing NO bioavailability. Moreover, our results suggest that the increase in NO production occurs through the increase in NOS activation by leptin and is partially mediated by the Akt pathway

Produção e partição de biomassa na cultura do girassol submetido ao déficit hídrico

The great importance of sunflower cultivation is due to the excellent quality of the edible oil that is extracted from its seed, is still tapped in animal feed, for what if obtain elevated productivity is necessary managements based in the local characteristics. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of water replacement levels on the production and biomass participation of sunflower cultivars. We conducted the experiment in a greenhouse, located in the Federal Institute of Goiás, Rio Verde Campus. The variables analyzed were partition of biomass of chapter, leaves+stem and root, total production of achenes, weight of achenes full and weight of achenes voids. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme with 3 replicates, were five levels of water replenishment (RH) (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of RWC) and three cultivars C) of Atlântica Sementes LTDA (Charrua, Aguará - 6 and Olissun - 3). There was a significant effect in relation to water replenishment (RH) and cultivars (C), no significant result was observed for the interaction HR x C. The cultivar Charrua presented higher values for biomass of the root, participation of achenes, participation of full achenes and participation of achenes achy, being more tolerant to the water deficit. The cultivar Aguará - 6 showed a larger partition of leaf + stem biomass. We found higher production of achenes filled in 100% water replenishment. The filling of achenes depends significantly on the partition of biomass from leaf + stem and strand.A grande importância da cultura do girassol deve-se principalmente à excelente qualidade do óleo que se extrai de sua semente e na sua utilização como alimentação animal, no entanto, para que se obtenha produtividades elevadas, faz-se necessário a adoção de manejos hídricos adequados em função das características edafoclimaticas locais e da planta. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de níveis de reposição hídrica sobre a produção e participação de biomassa de cultivares de girassol. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação climatizada, localizado no Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus de Rio Verde. As variáveis respostas foram partição de biomassa do capítulo, das folhas+caule e da raiz, produção total de aquênios, peso de aquênios cheios e peso de aquênios chochos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 com 3 repetições, sendo, cinco níveis de reposição do hídrica (RH) (20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% da CRA) e três cultivares (C) da Atlântica Sementes LTDA (Charrua, Aguará – 6 e Olissun – 3). Ocorreu efeito significativo em relação a reposição hídrica (RH) e cultivares (C), não foi observado resultado significativo para a interação RH x C. A cultivar Charrua apresentou maiores valores para biomassa da raiz, participação de aquênios, participação de aquênios cheios e participação de aquênios chochos, mostrando ser mais tolerante ao déficit hídrico. A cultivar Aguará – 6 apresentou maior partição de biomassa das folha+caule. A maior produção de aquênios cheios foi verificada na reposição hídrica de 100%. O enchimento de aquênios depende significativamente da partição de biomassa de folha+caule e capítulo

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Português

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma condição do neurodesenvolvimento que se manifesta nos primeiros anos de vida, causando perturbações no desenvolvimento neurológico do indivíduo em áreas como: comunicação, comportamento, interação social e aprendizagem, apresentando diferentes graus e incidências. Estudos recentes apontam que cerca de um a dois por cento de crianças e adolescentes em população mundial apresentam o transtorno, com maior ocorrência em indivíduos do sexo masculino. A fim de analisar a relevância do diagnóstico precoce e os instrumentos utilizados para tal, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos que abordavam esses assuntos, indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicas nos periódicos online. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o diagnóstico do TEA é uma tarefa complexa, que exige qualificação e experiência dos profissionais envolvidos e que uma das principais dificuldades para esse diagnóstico refere-se à amplitude do espectro e aos instrumentos disponíveis, que além de suas validações serem recentes no Brasil, a maior parte deles destina-se a avaliar crianças a partir dos três anos. Vale ressaltar que os autores destacam a necessidade do diagnóstico precoce entre o primeiro e segundo ano de vida, para assim, obter resultados mais expressivos e eficazes na intervenção, visto que na faixa etária dos primeiros anos de vida observa-se com maior frequência os aspectos relacionados ao neurodesenvolvimento