Filhos surdos e pais ouvintes: desafios e possibilidades nos processos comunicativos e interacionais à luz da abordagem sociointeracionista

Considering that most deaf subjects are born in hearing homes and that, consequently, it demands that the family adopt LIBRAS as a mechanism to establish communication with this subject, the present study addresses the relationship between deaf children and hearing parents from the sociointeractionist point of view, with the aim of identifying the challenges and possibilities that permeate such a relationship. The bibliographic research was developed in a qualitative and exploratory way. The theoretical contribution was based on books, theses, dissertations and scientific journals, which underwent a careful selection. The theoretical basis of the research is composed, among others, by the following authors: Goldfeld; Skliar; Frames; Wild; Dalcin; Silva; Cappellini and Rego. The research reveals that there is a lack of dialogue between deaf children and hearing parents and this gap in communication, combined with the lack of a common language, constitutes the challenges faced by them in the family context. In addition, the results demonstrate that there are possibilities in the communicative and interactional process between these subjects, for this, it is necessary that the parents see deafness from a sociocultural perspective and that they aim at the insertion of the deaf subject in the deaf community so that they establish a relationship with their peers, as well as trying to learn sign language, because when there is a language capable of mediating the relationship between deaf children and their parents in the domestic environment, the subject's higher functions present a more complete development and, therefore, the family relationship improvesConsiderando que a maioria dos sujeitos surdos nascem em lares ouvintes e que consequentemente demanda que a família adote a LIBRAS como mecanismo para estabelecer comunicação com esse sujeito, o presente estudo aborda a relação de filhos surdos e pais ouvintes sob a visão sociointeracionista, com o objetivo de identificar os desafios e possibilidades que permeiam tal relação. A pesquisa, de cunho bibliográfico, foi desenvolvida sob a forma qualitativa e exploratória. O aporte teórico teve como base, livros, teses, dissertações e periódicos científicos, que passaram por uma seleção criteriosa. A base teórica da pesquisa é composta, dentre outros, pelos seguintes autores: Goldfeld; Skliar; Quadros; Silvestre; Dalcin; Silva; Cappellini e Rego. A pesquisa revela que há ausência de diálogo entre filhos surdos e pais ouvintes e essa lacuna na comunicação aliada à falta de uma língua comum constituem os desafios enfrentados por eles no âmbito familiar. Além disso, os resultados demonstram que existem possibilidades no processo comunicativo e interacional entre esses sujeitos, para isso, é necessário que os pais vejam a surdez sob a ótica sociocultural e que objetivem a inserção do sujeito surdo na comunidade surda para que estabeleça relação com seus pares, bem como busque aprender a língua de sinais, pois quando há uma língua capaz de mediar a relação entre filhos surdos e seus pais no ambiente doméstico as funções superiores do sujeito apresentam desenvolvimento mais completo e, por conseguinte, melhora a relação familiar

On a parabolic strongly nonlinear problem on manifolds

In this work we will prove the existence uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of weak solutions for the system (*) involving the pseudo Laplacian operator and the condition $\displaystyle\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} + \sum_{i=1}^n \big|\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\big|^{p-2}\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\nu_i + |u|^{\rho}u=f$ on $\Sigma_1$, where $\Sigma_1$ is part of the lateral boundary of the cylinder $Q=\Omega \times (0,T)$ and $f$ is a given function defined on $\Sigma_1$

Prednosti i izazovi prava intelektualnog vlasništva u vezi s procesom brodogradnje

The shipbuilding sector benefits greatly from the technological advances that engineers and shipyards attempt to introduce in vessels. Innovations normally come from the fields of industrial inventions, improvements in construction techniques and the design given to certain pieces of the ships. These developments may be protected through rights belonging to the intellectual property family. However, this protection may turn into an obstacle to international maritime traffic if patent holders in a port State enforce their rights against a vessel that enters that port. To avoid these barriers, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property established an exception to the patent right regarding components that are used solely to cover the needs of the vessel (Art. 5ter of the Convention). The exclusion was extended subsequently to industrial designs through European regulation. Moreover, some improvements in vessels do not enter an Intellectual Property (IP) registry (through a patent or a design). Many times, they are kept secret by the shipbuilders. Some of these considerations have been crystallised in the most common international contracting forms regarding the construction of ships that we treat in the second part of this work. Thus, in the paper, we attempt to make a full analysis of the existing legal framework at an international, European and Spanish level, as well as of the most common forms used to shape the shipbuilding contract and process.Sektor brodogradnje ima velike koristi od tehnološkog napretka koji inženjeri i brodogradilišta pokušavaju uvesti kad je riječ o plovnim objektima. Inovacije obično dolaze iz područja industrijskih izuma, poboljšanja tehnika gradnje i dizajna određenih dijelova brodova. Ove inovacije mogu biti zaštićene pravima intelektualnog vlasništva. Međutim, pravna se zaštita može pretvoriti u prepreku međunarodnom pomorskom prometu ako nositelji patenta u državi luke provode svoja prava protiv broda koji ulazi u tu luku. Kako bi se izbjegle ove prepreke, Pariška konvencija za zaštitu industrijskog vlasništva utvrdila je iznimku od patentnog prava kad je riječ o komponentama koje se koriste isključivo za potrebe brodova (čl. 5ter Konvencije). Izuzetak je naknadno proširen na industrijski dizajn putem prava EU-a. Štoviše, neka poboljšanja na brodovima ne ulaze u registar intelektualnog vlasništva (putem patenta ili dizajna). Često ih brodograditelji drže u tajnosti. Neka od ovih razmatranja iskristalizirala su se u najčešćim međunarodnim ugovornim obrascima vezanim uz gradnju brodova koje obrađujemo u drugom dijelu ovog rada. Stoga, u radu nastojimo iznijeti cjelovitu analizu postojećeg pravnog okvira na međunarodnoj i europskoj razini te na razini španjolskog nacionalnog prava, kao i najčešćih ugovornih obrazaca koji se koriste za oblikovanje ugovora u sklopu procesa brodogradnje

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Electrocardiogram for Detection of Atrial and Ventricular Overloads in Dogs

Background: Analysis of the electrocardiogram may suggest atrial and ventricular overloads. However, it has a low sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of cardiac chamber overload. The accuracy of electrocardiographic interpretation can be improve using new cut-offs for the duration and amplitude of the electrocardiographic waves. Our objective was to evaluate the use of the electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of atrial and ventricular overload, using echocardiography as the gold standard test for the diagnosis of atrioventricular overload. We aimed to define new cut-off values that would increase the sensitivity and specificity of the electrocardiogram for diagnosis of chamber overload in dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Eletrocardiogram records were obtained in 81 dogs divided into 3 groups: Group 1A (healthy dogs 10 kg); Group 1B (dogs 10 kg with mitral or tricuspid valve disease); Group 2 (dogs weighing between 10.1 and 20 kg) and Group 3 (dogs > 20.1 kg). Duration in milliseconds (ms) and amplitude in millivolts (mV) of P waves and QRS complexes, PR and QT segment, T wave amplitude and ST segment were evaluated in lead DII. Using leads I and III, the mean cardiac electrical axis in the frontal plane, expressed in degrees, was determined as the mean of three consecutive measurements. For Group 1A and 1B the duration of P wave was < 45 ms and QRS duration < 55 ms. In Group 2 the duration of P wave was < 47 ms and QRS duration < 57 ms. In Group 3 the duration of P wave was < 50 ms and duration QRS < 64 ms. These values (duration of P wave and QRS duration) were compared with echocardiographic measurements of the left atrium, considering the reference value AE/Ao < 1.4 and measurements of the left ventricle in M-mode according to the body weight, respectively. A P wave amplitude < 0.4 mV suggested that the right atrium size was normal and this was compared with the area of the right atrium measured on the echocardiogram. The right ventricle was assessed using the amplitude of S wave and right axis deviation and compared with the right ventricular area obtained by echocardiography. The reference value of the right atrium and right ventricle is according to the body weight. For both the right and left atria, there was concordance between the diagnoses with electrocardiography and echocardiography. For the right and left ventricle was no agreement between the diagnoses. All criteria examined had low sensitivities, usually with high specificities. But it was not possible to determine a new cut-off that would improve the sensitivity of the electrocardiogram for diagnosis of atrial and ventricular overload in dogs. Discussion: The electrocardiogram analysis produced false interpretations for the measures indicative of atrioventricular overloads and should not be used alone, for diagnosis of cardiac chamber overload. The standard electrocardiographic reference values, for P wave duration and amplitude, were excellent for identification of normal atrial size. However, QRS duration, R wave amplitude (dependent of the dog’s weight) and S wave amplitude, associated with cardiac electrical axis cannot be used for diagnosis of ventricle overload. Electrocardiographic analysis should not be used as a tool to assess cardiac chamber overload, which should be diagnosed by echocardiography and clinical investigation. Based on our findings echocardiogram is the gold standard test indicated to identify overload of cardiac chambers

Variación e cambio lingüístico en tempo aparente: o galego do Ribeiro

A tese de doutoramento ten como finalidade abordar o estudo da variación e do cambio lingüístico no galego da comarca ourensá do Ribeiro, desde a perspectiva da análise en tempo aparente. Os estudos de cambio en tempo aparente céntranse na comparación das características lingüísticas de grupos de diferentes idades. Con este fin, empregouse un cuestionario para facer unha enquisa a informantes de idades diferentes (3 xeracións). Tamén se recolleu discurso libre a través da súa gravación. Posteriormente, realizada a transcrición dos datos, estes foron estudados desde a perspectiva da variación e do cambio lingüístico en tempo aparente. O obxectivo principal é determinar os factores internos e externos que inflúen nos cambios lingüísticos observados

A study of Galician-Castilian contact based on the verb morphology of dialects of the Ribeiro district

Relatorio presentado no International Conference on Language Variation in Europe 8 (ICLaVE). Leipzig (Alemaña), 27-29 maio 201

La protección de los emojis mediante derechos de la propiedad industrial.

Los emojis han despertado gran interés en los usuarios de las aplicaciones de mensajería y redes sociales y han traspasado estos usos, incorporándose a productos distintos. En este artículo nos preguntamos sobre la posibilidad y conveniencia de proteger los emojis a través de los derechos de marca y diseñ