256 research outputs found
Delayed hepatic uptake of multi-phosphonic acid poly(ethylene glycol) coated iron oxide measured by real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging
We report on the synthesis, characterization, stability and pharmacokinetics
of novel iron based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Statistical copolymers combining multiple phosphonic acid groups and
poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized and used as coating agents for 10
nm iron oxide nanocrystals. In vitro, protein corona and stability assays show
that phosphonic acid PEG copolymers outperform all other coating types
examined, including low molecular weight anionic ligands and polymers. In vivo,
the particle pharmacokinetics is investigated by monitoring the MRI signal
intensity from mouse liver, spleen and arteries as a function of the time,
between one minute and seven days after injection. Iron oxide particles coated
with multi-phosphonic acid PEG polymers are shown to have a blood circulation
lifetime of 250 minutes, i.e. 10 to 50 times greater than that of recently
published PEGylated probes and benchmarks. The clearance from the liver takes
in average 2 to 3 days and is independent of the core size, coating and
particle stability. By comparing identical core particles with different
coatings, we are able to determine the optimum conditions for stealth MRI
probes.Comment: 19 pages 8 figures, RSC Advances, 201
Les esters en cosmétologie : généralités et fonctionnalités
Esters belong to the large family of lipids where they are famous for their role as emollients. After briefly talking about their synthesis, we will study their functionality and particulary their different uses as « émollient, émulsifiant, et co-émulsifiant ». We will also talk about their use in specific areas such as sun care products or making-up. Lastly, we will present them as innovative products, with unusual chemical structures, destined to awake consumers senses
Mono- versus Multi-phosphonic Acid Based PEGylated Polymers for Functionalization and Stabilization of Metal (Ce, Fe, Ti, Al) Oxide Nanoparticles in Biological Media
International audienceFor applications in nanomedicine, particles need to be functionalized to prevent protein corona formation and/or aggregation. Most advanced strategies take advantage of functional polymers and assembly techniques. Nowadays there is an urgent need for coatings that are tailored according to a broad range of surfaces and that can be produced on a large scale. Herein, we synthesize mono-and multi-phosphonic acid based poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers with the objective of producing efficient coats for metal oxide nanoparticles. Cerium, iron, titanium and aluminum oxide nanoparticles of different morphologies (spheres, platelets, nanoclusters) and sizes ranging from 7 to 40 nm are studied in physiological and in protein rich cell culture media. It is found that the particles coated with mono-functionalized polymers exhibit a mitigated stability over time ( months). With the latter, PEG densities in the range 0.2-0.5 nm-2 and layer thickness about 10 nm provide excellent performances. The study suggests that the proposed coating allows controlling nanomaterial interfa-cial properties in biological environments
Preventing corona effects: multi-phosphonic acid poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers for stable stealth iron oxide nanoparticles
When disperse in biological fluids, engineered nanoparticles are selectively
coated with proteins, resulting in the formation of a protein corona. It is
suggested that the protein corona is critical in regulating the conditions of
entry into the cytoplasm of living cells. Recent reports describe this
phenomenon as ubiquitous and independent of the nature of the particle. For
nanomedicine applications however, there is a need to design advanced and
cost-effective coatings that are resistant to protein adsorption and that
increase the biodistribution in vivo. In this study, phosphonic acid
poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers were synthesized and used to coat iron oxide
particles. The copolymer composition was optimized to provide simple and
scalable protocols as well as long-term stability in culture media. It is shown
that polymers with multiple phosphonic acid functionalities and PEG chains
outperform other types of coating, including ligands, polyelectrolytes and
carboxylic acid functionalized PEG. PEGylated particles exhibit moreover
exceptional low cellular uptake, of the order of 100 femtograms of iron per
cell. The present approach demonstrates that the surface chemistry of
engineered particles is a key parameter in the interactions with cells. It also
opens up new avenues for the efficient functionalization of inorganic surfaces.Comment: 21 page, 7 figures,Biomacromolecules 201
Information Guide: Cyprus. March 2015
A guide to information sources on the Republic of Cyprus, with hyperlinks to information within European Sources Online and on external websites (For other language versions of this record click on the original url
Tratado de equitación [Manuscrito]
Enc. en piel con filigranas doradasPerteneció a la biblioteca de Sebastián Soto Cortés y posteriormente a la de Roque PidalALas lám. son dibujos a pluma con tinta negr
UV-crosslinked Polymeric Materials for Encapsulation of ZnO Nanowires in Piezoelectric Fingerprint Sensors
The work presented here describes new UV-crosslinkable thin layer polymeric materials for the encapsulation of ZnO nanowires (NWs) in multi-NWs pressure based fingerprint sensors. Such innovative sensor is a novel technology for fingerprint capture developed within the PiezoMAT FP7 European project. The sensing principle is based on the piezoelectric property of ZnO NWs, on which a potential difference is generated when they undergo compression and/or bending forces. Since the pressure induced by the finger cannot be directly applied on the NWs, the deformation is applied through a polymeric material that aims at transferring forces from the finger onto the array of NWs without altering their integrity. Besides, since it is dedicated to be in direct contact with human finger or oil pollutants, the encapsulation layer must also exhibit chemical inertness, as well as hydrophobicity and oleophobicity
Polymer coated cerium oxide nanoparticles as oxidoreductase-like catalysts
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been shown to mimic oxidoreductase enzymes by
catalyzing the decomposition of organic substrates and reactive oxygen species.
This mimicry can be found in superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxides,
harmful molecules produced in oxidative stress asso-ciated diseases. Despite
the fact that nanoparticle functionalization is mandatory in the context of
nanomedicine, the influence of polymer coatings on their enzyme-like catalytic
activity is poorly understood. In this work, six polymer coated cerium oxide
nanoparticles are prepared by associa-tion of 7.8 nm cerium oxide cores with
two poly(sodium acrylate) and four poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafted
copolymers with different terminal or anchoring end groups, such as phosphonic
acids. The superoxide dismutase-, catalase-, peroxidase- and oxidase-like
catalytic activities of the coated nanoparticles were systematically studied.
It is shown that the polymer coatings do not af-fect the superoxide
dismutase-like, impair the catalase-like and oxidase-like and surprisingly
im-proves peroxidase-like catalytic activities of cerium oxide nanoparticles.
It is also demonstrated that the particles coated with the PEG-grafted
copolymers perform better than the poly(acrylic acid) coated ones as
oxidoreductase-like enzymes, a result that confirms the benefit of having
phosphon-ic acids as anchoring groups at the particle surface.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, 3 table
Marine Citizen Science: Current State in Europe and New Technological Developments
Marine citizen science is emerging with promising opportunities for science, policy and
public but there is still no comprehensive overview of the current state in Europe.
Based on 127 projects identified for the North Sea area we estimate there might be
as much as 500 marine and coastal citizen science projects running in Europe, i.e.,
one marine citizen science project per 85 km of coastline, with an exponential growth
since 1990. Beach-based projects are more accessible and hence most popular (60%
of the projects), and the mean duration of the projects is 18–20 years. Current trends,
topics, organizers, aims, and types of programme in terms of participation are presented
in this overview. Progress in marine citizen science is specially enabled and promoted
through technological developments. Recent technological advances and best practise
examples are provided here, untapping the potential of smart mobile apps, do-it-yourself
(DIY) technologies, drones, and artificial intelligence (AI) web servicesVersión del edito
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