Diversité structurelle et fonctionnelle des communautés bactériennes de la phycosphère des cyanobactéries proliférant au sein des écosystèmes lacustres

Potentially toxic cyanobacteria blooms often occur in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems. While many studies have been published on their ecology and toxicity, few have investigated the interactions between cyanobacteria and their associated chimiotrophic bacteria within the phycosphere. This latter is the subject of this thesis. Using both natural ecosystems and laboratory approaches, we show that the structure and composition of bacterial communities (BC) associated with cyanobacteria are different from those that are not under the direct influence of the cyanobacteria. These associated communities are dominated by bacteria that have a high affinity for organic matter (OM) and are composed of specialist species that are always found in association with cyanobacteria and generalist species that can grow in any OM rich environments. Our results also revealed that the associated BC differs structurally and functionally between diazotrophic and non- diazotrophic cyanobacteria. We also specifically investigated the bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle knowing that this element, with phosphorus, is often limiting for the growth of cyanobacteria. Our results show that several essential steps in this cycle appear to be rather done by the BC that is not under the direct influence of cyanobacteria, which suggests the existence of a decoupling between the MO and nitrogen cycles between associated and non-associated BC.Les écosystèmes aquatiques eutrophes sont souvent perturbés par des proliférations de cyanobactéries potentiellement toxiques. Si de nombreux travaux ont été publiés sur leur écologie et leur toxicité, peu d'entre eux concernent leurs interactions avec les bactéries chimiotrophes qui leur sont associées au sein de la phycosphère, ce qui a motivé cette thèse. Par des travaux réalisés sur des écosystèmes naturels et des approches en laboratoire, nous montrons que les communautés bactériennes (CB) associées aux cyanobactéries ont une structure et une composition différentes de celles qui ne subissent pas leur influence directe. Ces communautés associées sont dominées par des bactéries ayant une forte affinité pour la matière organique (MO) et réunissant des espèces spécialistes toujours retrouvées en association avec des cyanobactéries et des espèces généralistes capables de se développer dans tous les environnements riches en MO. Nos travaux ont aussi révélé que les CB présentent des différences structurelles et fonctionnelles selon le genre de cyanobactéries auquel elles sont associées, et notamment selon leur capacité à fixer ou non l'azote atmosphérique. Enfin, un focus particulier a été porté sur les bactéries impliquées dans le cycle de l'azote sachant que cet élément est avec le phosphore, souvent limitant pour la croissance des cyanobactéries. Nos résultats montrent que plusieurs étapes essentielles de ce cycle semblent être plutôt effectuées par la CB qui n'est pas sous l'influence directe des cyanobactéries ce qui suggère l'existence d'un découplage dans l'exploitation de la MO et dans le cycle de l'azote entre CB associées et non associées aux cyanobactéries

Management of Perinatal Testicular Torsion: A Single Centre Experience

Perinatal testicular torsion (PTT) is a rare entity. The management of PTT is controversial, due to the low viability of the testis and the possibility of bilateral torsion. This is a review of our experience with six cases of PTT, highlighting diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of this condition

Permanent improved high-quality draft genome sequence of Nocardia casuarinae strain BMG51109, an endophyte ofactinorhizal root nodules of Casuarina glauca

Here, we report the first genome sequence of aNocardiaplant endophyte, N. casuarinaestrain BMG51109, isolated fromCasu-arina glaucaroot nodules. The improved high-quality draft genome sequence contains 8,787,999 bp with a 68.90% GC contentand 7,307 predicted protein-coding genes

Permanent draft genome sequence of Nocardia sp. BMG111209, an actinobacterium isolated from nodules of Casuarina glauca

Nocardia sp. strain BMG111209 is a non-Frankia actinobacterium isolated from root nodules of Casuarina glauca in Tunisia. Here, we report the 9.1-Mbp draft genome sequence of Nocardia sp. strain BMG111209 with a G + C content of 69.19% and 8,122 candidate protein-encoding genes

A Comparative Analysis between Right and Left Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare congenital anomaly of the diaphragm with an incidence of 1:2000-5000 of live births. This study retrospectively evaluated patients who had been operated on for CDH at our department of Pediatric Surgery between January 2013 and December 2016. The Demographic Data and outcomes of right CDH cases (Group 1) were compared with left CDH cases (Group 2)

Structural and functional diversity of bacterial communities of bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterial phycosphere

Les écosystèmes aquatiques eutrophes sont souvent perturbés par des proliférations de cyanobactéries potentiellement toxiques. Si de nombreux travaux ont été publiés sur leur écologie et leur toxicité, peu d'entre eux concernent leurs interactions avec les bactéries chimiotrophes qui leur sont associées au sein de la phycosphère, ce qui a motivé cette thèse. Par des travaux réalisés sur des écosystèmes naturels et des approches en laboratoire, nous montrons que les communautés bactériennes (CB) associées aux cyanobactéries ont une structure et une composition différentes de celles qui ne subissent pas leur influence directe. Ces communautés associées sont dominées par des bactéries ayant une forte affinité pour la matière organique (MO) et réunissant des espèces spécialistes toujours retrouvées en association avec des cyanobactéries et des espèces généralistes capables de se développer dans tous les environnements riches en MO. Nos travaux ont aussi révélé que les CB présentent des différences structurelles et fonctionnelles selon le genre de cyanobactéries auquel elles sont associées, et notamment selon leur capacité à fixer ou non l'azote atmosphérique. Enfin, un focus particulier a été porté sur les bactéries impliquées dans le cycle de l'azote sachant que cet élément est avec le phosphore, souvent limitant pour la croissance des cyanobactéries. Nos résultats montrent que plusieurs étapes essentielles de ce cycle semblent être plutôt effectuées par la CB qui n'est pas sous l'influence directe des cyanobactéries ce qui suggère l'existence d'un découplage dans l'exploitation de la MO et dans le cycle de l'azote entre CB associées et non associées aux cyanobactéries.Potentially toxic cyanobacteria blooms often occur in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems. While many studies have been published on their ecology and toxicity, few have investigated the interactions between cyanobacteria and their associated chimiotrophic bacteria within the phycosphere. This latter is the subject of this thesis. Using both natural ecosystems and laboratory approaches, we show that the structure and composition of bacterial communities (BC) associated with cyanobacteria are different from those that are not under the direct influence of the cyanobacteria. These associated communities are dominated by bacteria that have a high affinity for organic matter (OM) and are composed of specialist species that are always found in association with cyanobacteria and generalist species that can grow in any OM rich environments. Our results also revealed that the associated BC differs structurally and functionally between diazotrophic and non- diazotrophic cyanobacteria. We also specifically investigated the bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle knowing that this element, with phosphorus, is often limiting for the growth of cyanobacteria. Our results show that several essential steps in this cycle appear to be rather done by the BC that is not under the direct influence of cyanobacteria, which suggests the existence of a decoupling between the MO and nitrogen cycles between associated and non-associated BC

Correction: Structural Diversity of Bacterial Communities Associated with Bloom-Forming Freshwater Cyanobacteria Differs According to the Cyanobacterial Genus

International audienc

The phyto-bacterioplankton couple in a shallow freshwater ecosystem: Who leads the dance?

International audienceBloom-forming phytoplankton dynamics are still unpredictable, even though it is known that several abiotic factors, such as nutrient availability and temperature, are key factors for bloom development. We investigated whether biotic factors, i.e. the bacterioplankton composition (via 16SrDNA metabarcoding), were correlated with phytoplankton dynamics, through a weekly monitoring of a shallow lake known to host recurrent cyanobacterial blooms. We detected concomitant changes in both bacterial and phytoplankton community biomass and diversity. During the bloom event, a significant decrease in phytoplankton diversity, was detected, with a first co-dominance of Ceratium, Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, followed by a co-dominance of the two cyanobacterial genera. In the same time, we observed a decrease of the particle-associated (PA) bacterial richness and the emergence of a specific bacterial consortium that was potentially better adapted to the new nutritional niche. Unexpectedly, changes in PA bacterial communities occurred just before the development the emergence of the phytoplanktonic bloom and the associated modification of the phytoplanktonic community composition, suggesting that changes in environmental conditions leading to the bloom, were first sensed by the bacterial PA community. This last was quite stable throughout the bloom event, even though there were changes in the blooming species, suggesting that the association between cyanobacterial species and bacterial communities may not be as tight as previously described for monospecific blooming communities. Finally, the dynamics of the freeliving (FL) bacterial communities displayed a different trajectory from those of the PA and phytoplankton communities. This FL communities can be viewed as a reservoir for bacterial recruitment for the PA fraction. Altogether, these data also highlight s that the spatial organization within these different microenvironments in the water column is a relevant factor in the structuring of these communities

Structural Diversity of Bacterial Communities Associated with Bloom-Forming Freshwater Cyanobacteria Differs According to the Cyanobacterial Genus

International audienceThe factors and processes driving cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems have been extensively studied in the past decade. A growing number of these studies concern the direct or indirect interactions between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. The presence of bacteria that are directly attached or immediately adjacent to cyano-bacterial cells suggests that intense nutrient exchanges occur between these microorganisms. In order to determine if there is a specific association between cyanobac-teria and bacteria, we compared the bacterial community composition during two cyanobac-teria blooms of Anabaena (filamentous and N 2-fixing) and Microcystis (colonial and non-N 2 fixing) that occurred successively within the same lake. Using high-throughput sequencing, we revealed a clear distinction between associated and free-living communities and between cyanobacterial genera. The interactions between cyanobacteria and bacteria appeared to be based on dissolved organic matter degradation and on N recycling, both for N 2-fixing and non N 2-fixing cyanobacteria. Thus, the genus and potentially the species of cyanobacteria and its metabolic capacities appeared to select for the bacterial community in the phycosphere