45 research outputs found

    Ionic Liquid Supported Organotin Reagents: Green Tools for Stille Cross-Coupling Reactions with Brominated Substrates

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    Efficiency of ionic liquid supported organotin reagents in Stille cross-coupling reactions involving aryl bromides has been investigated. In a general manner, products were isolated with good yields by using a very simple catalytic system without the need of solvent, ligand, or additives. The organotin compounds were recycled without loss of activity and the contamination by tin was limited and controlled ([Sn] 3 ppm)

    Triorganotin reagents supported on ionic liquid: design and applications

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    Date du colloque : 07/2010</p

    Triorganotin Reagents Rupported on Ionic Liquid: Design and Applications

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    Date du colloque : 09/2010</p

    Environmentally Benign Tribo-systems for Metal Forming:Keynote paper

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    Reactivity of polar organometallic compounds in unconventional reaction media : challenges and opportunities

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    Developing new green solvents in designing chemical products and processes or successfully employing the already existing ones is one of the key subjects in green chemistry and is especially important in organometallic chemistry, which is an interdisciplinary field. Can we advantageously also use unconventional reaction media in place of current harsh organic solvents for polar organometallic compounds? This microreview critically analyses the state of the art with regard to this topic and showcases recent developments and breakthroughs that are becoming new research directions in this field. Because metals cover a vast swath of the Periodic Table the content is organised into three sections discussing the reactivity of organometallic compounds of s-, p- and d-block elements in unconventional solvents

    L’infection par le VIH dans l’ouest guyanais : Ă©tude comparative du statut immunitaire au diagnostic entre les patients dĂ©pistĂ©s au centre hospitalier AndrĂ© Rosemon Ă  Cayenne (CHAR) et ceux dĂ©pistĂ©s au centre hospitalier de l’ouest guyanais Ă  Saint Laurent du Maroni (CHOG) entre 2007 et 2017

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    Introduction. French Guiana is the territory which is the most deeply affected by HIV in France (1.3% of the population in 2009). The distribution of new cases across the territory is scattered. For the last ten years, the virus has spread around the West coast and diagnosis are made at late stages. This study aims at comparing the immune status at diagnosis of HIV infected patients between the CHAR hospital center and the CHOG hospital between 2007 and 2017. The secondary goals are to understand predictive factors of delayed diagnosis for both centers. Methods. We lead an observational retrospective study, based on multicentered cohorts. The primary study endpoint is the immune status, defined by the WHO CDC Classification, and the number of CD4(/mm3) at diagnosis. The diagnosis was defined as delayed if the patients were detected with a stage C or with less than 200/mm3 CD4. Results. The patients of the CHOG’s group were diagnosed later than those from the CHAR’s one (p<0,05 OR 2.06 IC [1.52, 2.80]). The predictive factors of late diagnosis in CHOG’s group were : being a male (OR 3,27 IC [2,01-5,31]), aged 30 to 49 (OR 2,54 IC [1,58-4,08]), and coinfected with HBV and/or HCV (OR 3,40 IC [1,07-10,80]). Pregnancy was a protective factor (OR 0,14 IC [0,06-0,33]). Being born in Suriname was a predictive factor of late diagnosis in the CHAR’s group (OR 2,88 IC[1,11-7,46]). Discussion. Patients from the West of Guiana were diagnosed with a more advanced disease than in Cayenne. Women are detected early thanks to a systematic screening during their pregnancy. Suriname’s permeable border formed by the Maroni river is one of the explanations. Before 2015 in Suriname, the antiretroviral therapy was only indicated for patients with fewer than 200 CD4 leading to an active spreading. Conclusion. French west Guiana must reinforce its systematic screening approach and information campaigns by targeting young men born in Suriname as well as women detected during their first pregnancy.Introduction. En Guyane, l’incidence du VIH est de 896/millions d’habitants soit plus de 4 fois celle de l’üle de France. La rĂ©partition des nouveaux cas sur le territoire est disparate en particulier dans l’Ouest Guyanais qui fait face Ă  une Ă©pidĂ©mie croissante. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de comparer le statut immunitaire des patients sĂ©ropositifs pour le VIH au diagnostic, entre les sujets dĂ©pistĂ©s au CHAR1 et ceux dĂ©pistĂ©s au CHOG2 de 2007 Ă  2017. Les objectifs secondaires Ă©taient d’identifier les facteurs de risques de dĂ©pistage tardif dans les deux centres. MatĂ©riels et mĂ©thodes. Nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude observationnelle rĂ©trospective, Ă  partir d’une cohorte multicentrique. Le critĂšre de jugement principal Ă©tait un critĂšre composite associant le stade CDC et le taux de lymphocytes T CD4. Il Ă©tait considĂ©rĂ© tardif si les CD4 Ă©taient infĂ©rieurs Ă  200/mm3 et/ou si le stade CDC Ă©tait C. RĂ©sultats. Les patients du bras CHOG Ă©taient diagnostiquĂ©s plus tardivement que ceux du CHAR (p<0,05 OR 2.06 IC [1.52, 2.80]). Les facteurs de risques de dĂ©pistage tardif au CHOG Ă©taient le sexe masculin (OR 3,27 IC [2,01-5,31]), un Ăąge entre 30 et 49 ans (OR 2,54 IC [1,58-4,08]), une co infection au VHB et/ou VHC (OR 3,40 IC [1,07-10,80]). La grossesse Ă©tait un facteur protecteur (OR 0,14 IC [0,06-0,33]). Dans le groupe CHAR, ĂȘtre nĂ© au Surinam Ă©tait un facteur de risque de dĂ©pistage tardif (OR 2,88 IC[1,11-7,46]). Discussion. L’infection par le VIH est diagnostiquĂ©e Ă  un stade plus tardif au CHOG qu’au CHAR. Les femmes sont dĂ©pistĂ©es lors de leur premiĂšre grossesse Ă  un stade plus prĂ©coce. Au Suriname avant 2015, la thĂ©rapie anti rĂ©trovirale n’était recommandĂ©e systĂ©matiquement qu’en dessous de 200 CD4/mm3. La frontiĂšre poreuse sĂ©parant l’Ouest Guyanais du Suriname, habitĂ©e de part et d’autre par un mĂȘme peuple apparaĂźt comme un lieu de transmission active. Conclusion. Une politique de dĂ©pistage systĂ©matique et prĂ©coce, ciblant les hommes nĂ©s au Suriname, au mĂȘme titre que les femmes au dĂ©but de leur grossesse doit ĂȘtre instaurĂ©e pour lutter pour faire face Ă  une Ă©pidĂ©mie encore active
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