Socialization to Outdoor life: the socialization entity´s role during adolescence

Bacheloroppgave i folkehelse med vekt på fysisk aktivitet, 2012.Problemstilling: Hvordan kan friluftsliv i oppveksten påvirke våre friluftslivsvaner i voksen alder? Metode: Kvalitativ metode er benyttet i denne oppgaven. Innsamling av data har foregått ved å benytte det individuelle åpne intervju som metode. Resultat: Både familie, venner, grunnskolen, nærområdet og media er instanser som er med på å sosialisere en til friluftsliv. Noen av disse har en viktigere rolle enn andre, og grad av påvirkning varierer i forhold til hvor en er vokst opp, og fra individ til individ. Familien, og da hovedsakelig foreldre, ser ut til å være den viktigste sosialiseringsinstansen for å sikre gode opplevelser til friluftsliv i oppveksten. Det å sikre barnet gode opplevelser, holdninger, verdier og erfaring innen friluftsliv gjør at det vil være lettere for en å nytte seg av friluftslivet senere i livet. God sosialisering til friluftsliv i oppveksten gjør at en blir trygg på de aktivitetene en får erfaring med, og har derfor lettere for å utøve dette friluftslivet på egenhånd i voksen alder, og eventuelt bringe denne kunnskap og kultur videre til egne barn

Statistical learning of tonal cues

This study investigated statistical learning in a natural tonal language, and whether executive functions has an impact on language learning in such learning conditions. In addition, the study investigates whether learning happens with awareness. The 40 adults that participated were exposed for Thai sentences in a language learning experiment. A self-report questionnaire was administered to examine the participants’ awareness. They were then tested with four cognitive tests which measures attention, inhibition, verbal fluency and working memory. The results show that adults are able to discriminate familiarized words from novel words, in addition to having a preference for tonal cues. The results from the self-report questionnaire revealed that those who had detected certain patterns related to tone did not overall perform better in the language learning experiment than those who did not. There were no systematic correlations between executive functions and the results from the language learning experiment. The results support previous statistical learning studies which show that participants are able to discriminate familiarized word from novel words.Denne studien undersøker statistisk læring i et naturlig tonespråk, samt om eksekutive funksjoner har en innvirkning på språklæring i en slik læringssituasjon. I tillegg til dette, undersøker studien i hvilken grad språklæringen skjer ved bevissthet. De 40 voksne som deltok i studien ble eksponert for setninger på thai i et språklæringseksperiment. Et selvrapporteringsskjema ble brukt for å undersøke deltakernes bevissthet (eller fraværet av bevissthet) om læringen. Videre ble de testet med fire kognitive tester som måler oppmerksomhet, inhibisjon, verbal flyt og arbeidsminne. Resultatene viste at voksne var i stand til å skille familiariserte ord fra nye ord, i tillegg til å ha en preferanse for tonale mønstre. Resultatene fra selvrapporteringsskjemaet viste ingen generelle sammenhenger mellom svarene de avga på spørreskjemaet, og hvordan deltakerne gjorde det under språklæringseksperimentet. Det var heller ingen systematiske korrelasjoner mellom eksekutive funksjoner og resultatene av læringseksperimentet. Resultatene støtter tidligere funn i studier på statistisk læring, som viser at deltakere er i stand til å skille familiariserte ord fra nye ord.Masteroppgave i logopediLOGO345MAPS-LOG0

How the kindergarten teacher can meet children with challenging behaviour in a respectful way.

Master i tilpasset opplæring med fordypning i spesialpedagogikk- Nord universitet 202

NFAT5 genes are part of the osmotic regulatory system in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Acknowledgements This study was supported by a grant from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, BB/H008063/1), UK to DGH and SAM. Funding also came from Research Council Norway for project number 241016 for DGH and EJ. This work was carried out as part of a PhD thesis funded by the Marine Alliance of Science and Technology Scotland (MASTS).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Time is a stronger predictor of microbiome community composition than tissue in external mucosal surfaces of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in a semi-natural freshwater environment

Open Access via the Elsevier Agreement This work was supported by the UKRI project ROBUSTSMOLT [grant numbers BBSRC BB/S004270/1 and BB/S004432/1]. There was also co-funding from the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer

This study was funded by the UKRI project ROBUSTSMOLT (BBSRC BB/S004270/1 and BB/S004432/1). There was also cofunding from the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank John Richmond and staff at MOWI and the Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine (CGEBM) at the University of Aberdeen, particularly Dr. Ewan Campbell, for help with amplification protocols, conducting 16S library preparation and sequencing. The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found below: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA729215.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Cyclical DNA Methyltransferase 3a Expression Is a Seasonal and Estrus Timer in Reproductive Tissues

Acknowledgments We thank Gerald Lincoln for his critical feedback on a previous version of this manuscript. Author contributions included the following: T.J.S. conceived the project, designed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. E.W.J.L. conducted the experiments and analyzed the data. C.S.C. conducted the immunocytochemistry. M.L. conducted the HEK293 cell culture assays. E.M.C. and A.S.B. provided technical assistance. This work was supported by the University of Aberdeen College of Life Sciences and Medicine grant (to T.J.S.). E.W.J.L. was supported by a Society for Reproduction and Fertility undergraduate scholarship. Disclosure Summary: The authors have nothing to disclose.Peer reviewedPostprin

Microbiomes in the context of developing sustainable intensified aquaculture

With an ever-growing human population, the need for sustainable production of nutritional food sources has never been greater. Aquaculture is a key industry engaged in active development to increase production in line with this need while remaining sustainable in terms of environmental impact and promoting good welfare and health in farmed species. Microbiomes fundamentally underpin animal health, being a key part of their digestive, metabolic and defense systems, in the latter case protecting against opportunistic pathogens in the environment. The potential to manipulate the microbiome to the advantage of enhancing health, welfare and production is an intriguing prospect that has gained considerable traction in recent years. In this review we first set out what is known about the role of the microbiome in aquaculture production systems across the phylogenetic spectrum of cultured animals, from invertebrates to finfish. With a view to reducing environmental footprint and tightening biological and physical control, investment in “closed” aquaculture systems is on the rise, but little is known about how the microbial systems of these closed systems affect the health of cultured organisms. Through comparisons of the microbiomes and their dynamics across phylogenetically distinct animals and different aquaculture systems, we focus on microbial communities in terms of their functionality in order to identify what features within these microbiomes need to be harnessed for optimizing healthy intensified production in support of a sustainable future for aquaculture

Life-stage-associated remodelling of lipid metabolism regulation in Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon migrates from rivers to sea to feed, grow and develop gonads before returning to spawn in freshwater. The transition to marine habitats is associated with dramatic changes in the environment, including water salinity, exposure to pathogens and shift in dietary lipid availability. Many changes in physiology and metabolism occur across this life-stage transition, but little is known about the molecular nature of these changes. Here, we use a long-term feeding experiment to study transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism in Atlantic salmon gut and liver in both fresh- and saltwater. We find that lipid metabolism becomes significantly less plastic to differences in dietary lipid composition when salmon transitions to saltwater and experiences increased dietary lipid availability. Expression of genes in liver relating to lipogenesis and lipid transport decreases overall and becomes less responsive to diet, while genes for lipid uptake in gut become more highly expressed. Finally, analyses of evolutionary consequences of the salmonid-specific whole-genome duplication on lipid metabolism reveal several pathways with significantly different (p  < .05) duplicate retention or duplicate regulatory conservation. We also find a limited number of cases where the whole-genome duplication has resulted in an increased gene dosage. In conclusion, we find variable and pathway-specific effects of the salmonid genome duplication on lipid metabolism genes. A clear life-stage-associated shift in lipid metabolism regulation is evident, and we hypothesize this to be, at least partly, driven by nondietary factors such as the preparatory remodelling of gene regulation and physiology prior to sea migration

Imprinting methylation in SNRPN and MEST1 in adult blood predicts cognitive ability

Genomic imprinting is important for normal brain development and aberrant imprinting has been associated with impaired cognition. We studied the imprinting status in selected imprints (H19, IGF2, SNRPN, PEG3, MEST1, NESPAS, KvDMR, IG-DMR and ZAC1) by pyrosequencing in blood samples from longitudinal cohorts born in 1936 (n = 485) and 1921 (n = 223), and anterior hippocampus, posterior hippocampus, periventricular white matter, and thalamus from brains donated to the Aberdeen Brain Bank (n = 4). MEST1 imprint methylation was related to childhood cognitive ability score (-0.416 95% CI -0.792,-0.041; p = 0.030), with the strongest effect evident in males (-0.929 95% CI -1.531,-0.326; p = 0.003). SNRPN imprint methylation was also related to childhood cognitive ability (+0.335 95%CI 0.008,0.663; p = 0.045). A significant association was also observed for SNRPN methylation and adult crystallised cognitive ability (+0.262 95%CI 0.007,0.517; p = 0.044). Further testing of significant findings in a second cohort from the same region, but born in 1921, resulted in similar effect sizes and greater significance when the cohorts were combined (MEST1; -0.371 95% CI -0.677,-0.065; p = 0.017; SNRPN; +0.361 95% CI 0.079,0.643; p = 0.012). For SNRPN and MEST1 and four other imprints the methylation levels in blood and in the five brain regions were similar. Methylation of the paternally expressed, maternally methylated genes SNRPN and MEST1 in adult blood was associated with cognitive ability in childhood. This is consistent with the known importance of the SNRPN containing 15q11-q13 and the MEST1 containing 7q31-34 regions in cognitive function. These findings, and their sex specific nature in MEST1, point to new mechanisms through which complex phenotypes such as cognitive ability may be inherited. These mechanisms are potentially relevant to both the heritable and non-heritable components of cognitive ability. The process of epigenetic imprinting-within SNRPN and MEST1 in particular-and the factors that influence it, are worthy of further study in relation to the determinants of cognitive ability