Relación entre motivación, compromiso y autoconcepto en adolescentes: estudio con futbolistas

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las relaciones entre motivación, compromiso deportivo y autoconcepto físico en futbolistas adolescentes de la provincia de Zaragoza en categorías Cadete (14-16 años) y Juvenil (16-18 años) así como atender a posibles diferencias entre las divisiones que las componen, más o menos competitivas. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 512 sujetos pertenecientes a 37 equipos de 12 clubes de la ciudad (M=16,00; DT: 1,465) a quienes se suministró la Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al.,1995) validada y traducida al español por Núñez, Martín-Albo, Navarro y González (2006), Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ), desarrollado por Scanlan, Simons, Carpenter, Schmidt y Keeler (1993), en una versión traducida y validada al castellano por Sousa, Torregrosa, Viladrich, Villamarín y Cruz (2007) y Physical Self-Questionnaire (C-PSQ) de Fox y Corbin (1999) utilizando una versión traducida al castellano de Moreno, Cervelló, Vera y Ruiz (2007) orientada hacia jóvenes. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes niveles de competición así como dos perfiles conductuales; el primero caracterizado por comportamientos más autodeterminados (motivaciones intrínsecas, compromiso adquirido, diversión deportiva, oportunidades de implicación, competencia percibida, autoconfianza…) y otro, de conductas menos adaptativas (motivaciones extrínsecas, amotivación, coacciones sociales, atractivo físico…). The aim of this research was toanalyse the relationships between motivation, sport commitment and physical self-concept among adolescent footballers in the province of Zaragoza in the categories of Juniors I (14-16 years) and Juniors II (16-18 years) as well as exploring possible differences between the more or less competitive divisions. In order to carry this out, a sample of 512 subjects belonging to 37 teams of 12 clubs around the city were involved(M=16,00; SD: 1,465) and who were provided with the Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al., 1995) translated into Spanish by Núñez, Martín-Albo, Navarro y González (2006), the Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ), elaborated by Scanlan, Simons, Carpenter, Schmidt y Keeler (1993), in a version translated into Spanish bySousa, Torregrosa, Viladrich, Villamarín y Cruz (2007), and Fox and Corbin''s (1999) Physical Self-Questionnaire (C-PSQ), using the version of Moreno, Cervelló, Vera y Ruiz (2007) aimed at young people and translated into Spanish. The results showed significant differences among the distinct levels of competitiveness as well as two behavioural profiles: the first one characterised by more selfdetermined behaviour (intrinsic motivation, sport commitment, sport enjoyment, involvement opportunities, competence, self-confidence...) and the second one distinguished by less adaptive behaviour (extrinsic motivation, amotivation, social constraints, attractive body...)

Determination of irrigation needs with saline water in carob tree cultivation

El Mediterráneo es una de las áreas más sensibles del planeta y está altamente expuesto al riesgo de sequía. El cambio climático y la explotación excesiva de los recursos naturales desembocarán en una reducción aún mayor de la disponibilidad de agua, energía y alimentos, así como a un desequilibrio en el ecosistema. Esto tendrá un impacto significativo en la capacidad de adaptación de los sistemas alimentarios y afectará la calidad de vida de la población; por lo que, para hacer frente a esta situación crítica, se requiere la implementación de nuevos sistemas agrícolas. Los principales problemas de la agricultura de la Región de Murcia son la escasez de recursos hídricos y su calidad, principalmente la salinidad. Por ello, es necesario optimizar la gestión de recursos hídricos naturales, sin afectar a la producción, mediante cultivos que puedan desarrollarse bajo estas condiciones, como pueda ser el caso del algarrobo. La información bibliográfica sobre este cultivo es escasa y, la mayoría, se centra en árboles jóvenes en condiciones no semiáridas; por lo que el objetivo de este ensayo es analizar los efectos fisiológicos de regar una parcela comercial de algarrobos (7 años), bajo una estrategia de riego por goteo subterráneo (RGS) con una mezcla de agua de lluvia recogida y agua de pozo salina con una conductividad eléctrica (CE) media de 1,76 dS/m, estableciendo valores umbrales de riego en los periodos fenológicos críticos y ver su efecto en producción y calidad del fruto. Tras diferentes aplicaciones de riego (uno de 12 horas, un segundo riego de 12 horas (dividido en dos períodos de 6 horas) y un tercer riego de 6 horas) y análisis de los datos fisiológicos y de los sensores, observamos que la reacción del cultivo en los dos últimos riegos, es similar. Comprobamos como los niveles de fotosíntesis neta (Pn) y conductancia estomática (gs) aumentaron en el último riego respecto a los anteriores y, en cuanto al potencial hídrico de hoja (Ψl) y la temperatura foliar (Tª), los valores obtenidos disminuyeron en el riegode 6 horas. A nivel de suelo, se observó cómo se mantuvieron niveles de agua similares en las zonas más profundas de desarrollo radicular. Por lo tanto, en base a estos resultados preliminares, establecimos los valores umbrales iniciales de riego hasta la recolección del fruto con riegos de 6 horas, ya que obtuvimos resultados fisiológicos y de contenido de agua en el suelo similares que con un riego de 12 horas (6+6 h), reduciendo así el consumo de agua y esperando obtener una mayor productividad de la misma en término de Kg algarrobo/m3

Theory of Current and Shot Noise Spectroscopy in Single-Molecular Quantum Dots with Phonon Mode

Using the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function technique, we study the current and shot noise spectroscopy of a single molecular quantum dot coupled to a local phonon mode. It is found that in the presence of electron-phonon coupling, in addition to the resonant peak associated with the single level of the dot, satellite peaks with the separation set by the frequency of phonon mode appear in the differential conductance. In the ``single level'' resonant tunneling region, the differential shot noise power exhibit two split peaks. However, only single peaks show up in the ``phonon assisted'' resonant-tunneling region. An experimental setup to test these predictions is also proposed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 eps figures embedde

Supervivencia del injerto tras trasplante hepático: aproximación a un nuevo índice de riesgo español

Introducción: existen diversos indicadores para la valoración de la supervivencia del injerto hepático (DRI americano y ET-DRI europeo, entre otros), pero existen diferencias importantes entre los programas de trasplante de los diferentes países y podría ser que dichos indicadores no sean válidos en nuestro medio. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio es describir un nuevo indicador nacional de riesgo del injerto hepático a partir de los resultados del Registro Español de Trasplante Hepático (RETH) y validar el DRI y el ET-DRI. Metodología: el RETH incluye un análisis de Cox de los factores relacionados con la supervivencia del injerto. En base a sus resultados se define el indicador graft risk index (GRI). Las variables que contempla dependen del proceso de donación: edad, causa de muerte, compatibilidad sanguínea y tiempo de isquemia fría; y del receptor: edad, enfermedad de base, virus C, número de trasplante, estado UNOS y técnica quirúrgica. Se obtuvo la curva de la regresión logística y se calcularon las curvas de supervivencia del injerto por estratificación. La precisión se evaluó mediante el área ROC. Resultados: un GRI de 1 se corresponde con una probabilidad de pérdida del injerto del 23, 25%; cada punto de aumento del GRI supone que la probabilidad se multiplica por 1, 33. El GRI mostró la mejor discriminación por estratificación. El área ROC del DRI fue 0, 54 (95% IC, 0, 50-0, 59) y del ET-DRI, 0, 56 (95% IC, 0, 51-0, 61), frente al GRI 0, 70 (95% IC, 0, 65-0, 73) (p < 0, 0001). Conclusiones: el DRI y el ET-DRI no parecen útiles en nuestro medio y sería necesario disponer de un indicador propio. El GRI requiere un estudio nacional que perfile más el indicador y realice una validación más amplia. Introduction: several indicators are available to assess liver graft survival, including the American DRI and the European ET-DRI. However, there are significant differences between transplant programs of different countries, and the previously mentioned indicators might be not valid in our setting. Objectives: the aim of the study was to describe a new national liver graft risk indicator based on the results obtained from the Registro Espanol de Trasplante Hepatico (RETH) and to validate the DRI and ET-DRI indicators. Methods: the RETH includes a Cox analysis of factors associated with graft survival; the graft risk index (GRI) indicator was defined based on these results. The variables considered are dependent upon the donation conditions (age, cause of death, blood compatibility and cold ischemia time) and the transplant recipient (age, underlying disease, hepatitis C virus, transplant number, UNOS status and surgical technique). A logistic regression curve was obtained and graft survival curves were calculated by stratification. Precision was assessed using the ROC analysis. Results: a GRI of 1 represents a probability of graft loss of 23.25%; each point increase in the GRI score multiplies this probability by 1.33. The best discrimination of GRI was obtained by stratification.The DRI ROC area was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.50-0.59) and the ET-DRI ROC area was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.51-0.61), compared to 0.70 (95% CI, 0.65-0.73) (p < 0.0001) for the GRI. Conclusions: both the DRI and ET-DRI do not seem to be useful in our setting. Hence a national indicator is more desirable.The GRI requires a national study in order to further streamline and assess this indicator

High serum levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 during the first week of a malignant middle cerebral artery infarction in non-surviving patients

Background: Higher circulating levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 early after ischemic stroke have been associated with lower survival. The objectives of this study were to determine serum TIMP-1 levels during the first week of a severe cerebral infarction in surviving and non-surviving patients, and whether those levels during the first week could be used as a mortality biomarker for these patients. Methods: We included patients with severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) defined as computer tomography showing ischaemic changes in more than 50% of the middle cerebral artery territory and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 8. We measured serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 and TIMP-1. End-point study was 30-day mortality. Results: We found higher TIMP-1 concentrations at days 1 (p < 0.001), 4 (p = 0.001), and 8 (p = 0.03) of MMCAI in nonurviving (n = 34) than in surviving (n = 34) patients. We found lower serum MMP-9 concentrations at day 1 (p = 0.03) of MMCAI and no significant differences at days 4 and 8. ROC curve analysis of TIMP-1 concentrations performed at days 1, 4, and 8 of MMCAI showed an area under curve to predict 30-day mortality of 81% (p < 0.001), 80% (p < 0.001) and 72% (p = 0.07) respectively. Conclusions: The new findings of our study were that non-surviving MMCAI patients showed higher serum TIMP-1 levels during the first week of MMCAI that surviving patients, and those levels during the first week of MMCAI could be used as mortality biomarkers

Thermal conductivity measurements of macroscopic frozen salt ice analogues of Jovian icy moons in support of the planned JUICE mission

14 páginas, 16 figuras, 2 tablascThe study of thermal properties of frozen salt solutions representative of ice layers in Jovian moons is crucial to support the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) (ESA) and Europa Clipper (NASA) missions, which will be launched in the upcoming years to make detailed observations of the giant gaseous planet Jupiter and three of its largest moons (Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto), due to the scarcity of experimental measurements. Therefore, we have conducted a set of experiments to measure and study the thermal conductivity of macroscopic frozen salt solutions of particular interest in these regions, including sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 ), sodium sulphate (Na2 SO4 ), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2 ). Measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 0 to −70 ◦C in a climatic chamber. Temperature and calorimetry were measured during the course of the experiments. An interesting side effect of these measurements is that they served to spot phase changes in the frozen salt solutions, even for very low salt concentrations. A small sample of the liquid salt-water solution was set aside for the calorimetry measurements. These experiments and the measurements of thermal conductivity and calorimetry will be valuable to constrain the chemical composition, physical state, and temperature of the icy crusts of Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto.This project received financial support of The European Space Agency (ESA) contracts No.: RFP/3-15589/18/ES/CM and 4000126441/19/ES/CM: ‘Measurements of thermal and dielectric properties of ices in support to future radar measurements of Jovian Icy moons’, The Unidad de Excelencia ‘Mar ́ıa de Maeztu’ MDM-2017-0737– Centro de Astrobiolog ́ıa (INTA-CSIC), The Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities AYA2017-85322-R and PID2020-118974GB-C21 (AEI/FEDER, UE), Retos Investigaci ́on BIA2016-77992-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), and ‘Explora Ciencia y Explora Tecnolog ́ıa’ [AYA2017-91062- EXP]. We are grateful to Anezina Solomonidou for assistance in the project proposal. The view expressed in this article can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Space Agency. We thank the reviewer of this article for his constructive comments.Peer reviewe

The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Spatially resolving the environmental quenching of star formation in GAMA galaxies

We use data from the Sydney-AAO Multi-Object Integral Field Spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey to investigate the spatially-resolved signatures of the environmental quenching of star formation in galaxies. Using dust-corrected measurements of the distribution of Hα emission we measure the radial profiles of star formation in a sample of 201 star-forming galaxies covering three orders of magnitude in stellar mass (M∗M∗; 108.1-1010.95 M⊙) and in 5th nearest neighbour local environment density (Σ5; 10−1.3- 102.1 Mpc−2). We show that star formation rate gradients in galaxies are steeper in dense (log10(Σ5/Mpc2) > 0.5) environments by 0.58 ± 0.29 dex re−1 in galaxies with stellar masses in the range 1010 1.0). These lines of evidence strongly suggest that with increasing local environment density the star formation in galaxies is suppressed, and that this starts in their outskirts such that quenching occurs in an outside-in fashion in dense environments and is not instantaneous

The LEGA-C and SAMI galaxy surveys: quiescent stellar populations and the mass-size plane across 6 Gyr

Galaxie

Association between serum tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels and mortality in patients with severe brain trauma injury

OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a role in neuroinflammation after brain trauma injury (TBI). Previous studies with small sample size have reported higher circulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with TBI, but no association between those levels and mortality. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether serum TIMP-1 and MMP-9 levels are associated with mortality in patients with severe TBI. METHODS: This was a multicenter, observational and prospective study carried out in six Spanish Intensive Care Units. Patients with severe TBI defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) lower than 9 were included, while those with Injury Severity Score (ISS) in non-cranial aspects higher than 9 were excluded. Serum levels of TIMP-1, MMP-9 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and plasma levels of tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 plasma were measured in 100 patients with severe TBI at admission. Endpoint was 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Non-surviving TBI patients (n = 27) showed higher serum TIMP-1 levels than survivor ones (n = 73). We did not find differences in MMP-9 serum levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum TIMP-1 levels were associated 30-day mortality (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.001-1.013; P = 0.03). Survival analysis showed that patients with serum TIMP-1 higher than 220 ng/mL presented increased 30-day mortality than patients with lower levels (Chi-square = 5.50; P = 0.02). The area under the curve (AUC) for TIMP-1 as predictor of 30-day mortality was 0.73 (95% CI = 0.624-0.844; P<0.001). An association between TIMP-1 levels and APACHE-II score, TNF- alpha and TF was found. CONCLUSIONS: The most relevant and new findings of our study, the largest series reporting data on TIMP-1 and MMP-9 levels in patients with severe TBI, were that serum TIMP-1 levels were associated with TBI mortality and could be used as a prognostic biomarker of mortality in TBI patients

Assessment of plasma chitotriosidase activity, CCL18/PARC concentration and NP-C suspicion index in the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C: A prospective observational study

Background: Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The diagnosis of NP-C remains challenging due to the non-specific, heterogeneous nature of signs/symptoms. This study assessed the utility of plasma chitotriosidase (ChT) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18)/pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC) in conjunction with the NP-C suspicion index (NP-C SI) for guiding confirmatory laboratory testing in patients with suspected NP-C. Methods: In a prospective observational cohort study, incorporating a retrospective determination of NP-C SI scores, two different diagnostic approaches were applied in two separate groups of unrelated patients from 51 Spanish medical centers (n = 118 in both groups). From Jan 2010 to Apr 2012 (Period 1), patients with =2 clinical signs/symptoms of NP-C were considered ''suspected NP-C'' cases, and NPC1/NPC2 sequencing, plasma chitotriosidase (ChT), CCL18/PARC and sphingomyelinase levels were assessed. Based on findings in Period 1, plasma ChT and CCL18/PARC, and NP-C SI prediction scores were determined in a second group of patients between May 2012 and Apr 2014 (Period 2), and NPC1 and NPC2 were sequenced only in those with elevated ChT and/or elevated CCL18/PARC and/or NP-C SI =70. Filipin staining and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) measurements were performed in all patients with NP-C gene mutations, where possible. Results: In total across Periods 1 and 2, 10/236 (4%) patients had a confirmed diagnosis o NP-C based on gene sequencing (5/118 4.2%] in each Period): all of these patients had two causal NPC1 mutations. Single mutant NPC1 alleles were detected in 8/236 (3%) patients, overall. Positive filipin staining results comprised three classical and five variant biochemical phenotypes. No NPC2 mutations were detected. All patients with NPC1 mutations had high ChT activity, high CCL18/PARC concentrations and/or NP-C SI scores =70. Plasma 7-KC was higher than control cut-off values in all patients with two NPC1 mutations, and in the majority of patients with single mutations. Family studies identified three further NP-C patients. Conclusion: This approach may be very useful for laboratories that do not have mass spectrometry facilities and therefore, they cannot use other NP-C biomarkers for diagnosis