Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Préface

« L’avenir est un présent que nous fait le passé »André Malraux Mettre en perspective 663 ans d’existence discontinue de l’université de Perpignan, voilà l’ambition de cet ouvrage dirigé par les professeurs Sagnes et Carmignani et rédigé par Aymat Catafau, Didier Baisset, Michel Cadé et Jean Sagnes lui-même. Sans chercher à paraphraser Auguste Comte qui prônait de « régler le présent d’après l’avenir déduit du passé », j’estime qu’il convient de mieux connaître et s’approprier le passé de l’i..

Consommation de substances et sport (un problème de santé publique)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Sci.Luminy (130552106) / SudocSudocFranceF

L'Université de Perpignan

L’Université de Perpignan, fondée en 1350, est une des plus anciennes universités d’Europe. Le présent ouvrage, richement illustré, présente les grandes étapes de son histoire dans une langue accessible à tous et sans jargon inutile. Interrompue en 1793, comme toutes les universités de France, l’université de Perpignan renaît au milieu du xxe siècle et connaît rapidement un essor important

Cannabis use and patterns of substance use among French sport sciences students

International audienceBackground. Sport participation has been found to be positively associated with alcohol use, especially among students, but negatively associated with illicit drug use, with inconsistent results regarding cannabis use. Objectives. We investigated cannabis use among French sports science students. We studied factors associated to cannabis use, especially sporting characteristics, then we identified various kinds of polydrug use among cannabis users. Methods. We used a questionnaire to survey sports science students from southern France in 2013-2016 (n=1,244). We performed a logistic regression to investigate the correlates of repeated cannabis use (several times in lifetime versus never/just once), and a cluster analysis to identify profiles of substance use among repeated users (n=415). Results. Overall, 33% of participants reported repeated cannabis use. This prevalence was higher among students practicing a team sport other than soccer or a sliding sport, and lower among those practicing at national/international level. Among repeated users, we found various kinds of polydrug use (combining regular or ‘light’ cannabis use, cannabis use for enhancing sportive or non-sportive performances, regular heavy drinking, and consumption of illicit stimulants). These combinations were correlated to respondents’ sporting characteristics and sex. Conclusions/importance. Considering various kind of polydrug use, instead of each use separately, is a promising avenue of research to better understand correlations between sports participation and drugs use. In this article, cannabis use was frequent only among males who also exhibited high levels of alcohol use, and taking into account users’ motives and sporting characteristics fueled our understanding of drugs use in this specific populatio

Le dopage a un bel avenir

Regards croisés sur un phénomène de société ancestral largement présent dans le sport de haut niveau mais aussi chez les sportifs amateurs. Lutter contre le dopage c'est soigner, prévenir et informer

Anza palaeoichnological site, Late Cretaceous, Morocco. Part III: Comparison between traditional and photogrammetric records

International audienceThe present study evaluates a methodological workflow that could identify dinosaur tracks and trackways more comprehensively at outcrop scale. The approach described here is based both on 3D modelling by photogrammetry at different resolutions, and on suitably processed digital elevation models (DEMs). The ichnosite of Anza, Morocco, was chosen to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed pipeline, because 323 dinosaur and pterosaur tracks discovered there have already been published. One subsector containing 89 tracks, identified in the two companion works that followed a traditional approach, was selected and divided into four subzones. By combining different DEM processes (hill-shade, slope, sky-view factor, and positive openness), almost twice as many tracks (175 vs 89) are now identified in these subzones. However, the improvement is not homogeneous. In the first subzone, the previous works reported 25 tracks vs. 22 with the 3D modelling techniques used here, whereas results for the second and third subzones show considerable improvement with 3D (21 vs 38 tracks and 42 vs 81 tracks, respectively). The enhancement is even more dramatic for the fourth subzone, where 34 new tracks are now identified, whereas with the traditional approach, only one track was previously reported. It is likely that such improvements depend on several factors, i.e. the surface conditions of the rocks (e.g. irregularities, cracking, etc.), and on the preservation state and depth of the tracks. Morphometric measurements of tracks and trackways obtained from 3D models are very similar to those derived from traditional fieldwork methods. The digital approach can be applied rapidly at different resolutions, but the models acquired with the pole-mounted camera provide a good compromise, with a resolution high enough (~2 mm/pix) to spot tracks, while respecting computational constraints. Once treated, DEMs greatly facilitate the reproduction of track outlines, drawn according to criteria defined by the operator

Le dopage a un bel avenir

Regards croisés sur un phénomène de société ancestral largement présent dans le sport de haut niveau mais aussi chez les sportifs amateurs. Lutter contre le dopage c'est soigner, prévenir et informer

Efficient spin-flip excitation of a nickelocene molecule

International audienceInelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) within the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) uses current-driven spin-flip excitations for an all-electrical characterization of the spin state of a single object. Usually decoupling layers between the single object, atom or molecule, and the supporting surface are needed to observe these excitations. Here we study the surface magnetism of a sandwich nickelocene molecule (Nc) adsorbed directly on Cu(100) by means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations and show with IETS that it exhibits an exceptionally efficient spin-flip excitation. The molecule preserves its magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy not only on Cu(100), but also in different metallic environments including the tip apex. By taking advantage of this robusteness, we are able to functionalize the microscope tip with a Nc, which can be employed as a portable source of inelastic excitations as exemplified by a double spin-flip excitation process

Efficient spin-flip excitation of a nickelocene molecule

Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) within the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) uses current-driven spin-flip excitations for an all-electrical characterization of the spin state of a single object. Usually decoupling layers between the single object, atom or molecule, and the supporting surface are needed to observe these excitations. Here we study the surface magnetism of a sandwich nickelocene molecule (Nc) adsorbed directly on Cu(100) by means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations and show with IETS that it exhibits an exceptionally efficient spin-flip excitation. The molecule preserves its magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy not only on Cu(100), but also in different metallic environments including the tip apex. By taking advantage of this robusteness, we are able to functionalize the microscope tip with a Nc, which can be employed as a portable source of inelastic excitations as exemplified by a double spin-flip excitation process.This work has been supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Grant Nos. ANR-13-BS10–0016, ANR-11-LABX-0058 NIE, ANR-10-LABX-0026 CSC).Peer Reviewe