Cytogenetics of Melitoma segmentaria (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera, Apidae) reveals differences in the characteristics of heterochromatin in bees.

To date, more than 65 species of Brazilian bees (of the superfamily Apoidea) have been cytogenetically studied, but only a few solitary species have been analyzed. One example is the genus Melitoma Lepele?tier & Serville, 1828, for which there is no report in the literature with regard to cytogenetic studies. The objective of the present study is to analyze the chromosome number and morphology of the species Melitoma segmentaria (Fabricius, 1804), as well as to determine the pattern of heterochromatin dis?tribution and identify the adenine?thymine (AT)- and guanine?cytosine (GC)-rich regions. Melitoma segmentaria presents chromosome numbers of 2n=30 (females) and n=15 (males). With C-banding, it is possible to classify the chromosomes into seven pseudo-acrocentric pairs (AM), seven pseudo-acrocentric pairs with interstitial heterochromatin (AMi), and one totally heterochromatic metacentric pair (Mh). Fluo?rochrome staining has revealed that heterochromatin present in the chromosomal arms is rich in GC base pairs (CMA3+) and the centromeric region is rich in AT base pairs (DAPI+). The composition found for Melitoma diverges from the pattern observed in other bees, in which the heterochromatin is usually rich in AT. In bees, few heterochromatic regions are rich in GC and these are usually associated with or localized close to the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). Silver nitrate impregnation marks the heterochromatin present in the chromosome arms, which makes identification of the NOR in the chromosomes impos?sible. As this technique reveals proteins in the NOR, the observation that is made in the present study suggests that the proteins found in the heterochromatin are qualitatively similar to those in the NOR

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for carcass composition on swine chromosome six

Uma popula??o de su?nos, composta de 550 animais F2, foi produzida a partir do intercruzamento da gera??o F1, obtida pelo cruzamento divergente de dois machos da ra?a nativa brasileira Piau com 18 f?meas comerciais. O objetivo do trabalho foi mapear locos de caracter?sticas quantitativas (QTL) associados a cortes de carca?a. Os animais foram genotipados para 13 marcadores microssat?lites, distribu?dos no cromossomo 6 de su?nos. As caracter?sticas avaliadas foram: peso total do pernil, peso do pernil sem pele e sem capa de gordura, peso total da copa, peso da copa sem pele e sem capa de gordura, peso total da paleta, peso da paleta sem pele e sem capa de gordura, peso total do carr?, peso do lombo, peso total do bacon, peso das costelas, peso total da papada, peso do filezinho e peso da banha rama. Utilizou-se o m?todo de regress?o por intervalo de mapeamento por meio do programa QTL Express. Foram encontrados indicativos de QTL para peso de pernil limpo, peso de paleta, peso de lombo e peso de filezinho. A regi?o gen?mica deve ser saturada com marcadores adicionais para confirmar a presen?a de QTL reais.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)A swine population of 550 F2 animals was produced by outbred cross using two sires of the native Brazilian breed Piau and 18 commercial dams. The animals were genotyped for 13 microsatellite markers. The evaluated composition traits of carcass were: ham weight, skinless and fatless ham weight, boston shoulder weight, skinless and fatless boston shoulder weight, picnic shoulder weight, skinless and fatless picnic shoulder weight, total loin (bone-in) weight, loin weight, bacon weight, rib weight, jowl weight, sirloin weight, and belly fat weight. Data were analyzed by multiple regression interval mapping, using the QTL Express software. Suggestive QTL were found for skinless and fatless ham weight, picnic shoulder weight, loin weight, and sirloin weight. However, the genomic region should be saturated with additional markers in order to confirm the presence of real QTL

Urinary incontinence related to perineal muscle strength in the first trimester of pregnancy: cross-sectional study

Objective To analyze pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS), urinary continence and quality of life related to urinary incontinence (UI) of women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Method Cross-sectional study with a sample of 500 women who started prenatal care in a complementary healthcare facility in Guarulhos, state of São Paulo, from 2012 and 2013. Pelvic floor muscle strength was evaluated through perineometry. The pregnant women who presented UI answered the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Results It was found that maternal age (OR=1.06; CI95% 1.02-1.11) and prior UI (OR=15.12; 95%CI 8.19-27.92) are the variables that, in tandem, best explain the occurrence of UI at the beginning of pregnancy. The mean score on the ICIQ-SF was 8.2 (SD=3.9), considered a moderate impact on quality of life. Conclusion Older pregnant women with prior UI are more likely to have UI in the first trimester of pregnancy.
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Review of the missed opportunities for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The present literature review aims to highlight gaps in the treatment of preventative motherto-child HIV transmission and the risk factors in Brazil. METHODS: Among the 425 articles identified in SciELO and PubMed searches, 59 articles published between 1994 and 2016 were selected for reading and data extraction, and 33 articles were included in the present review. RESULTS: The rates of vertical HIV transmission described in the studies varied widely, from 1.8% to 27.8%, with a significant reduction over the years. However, recent rates were also found to be variable in different regions of Brazil, and despite the significant reduction in mother-to-child transmission, many gaps remain in prevention services. A failure to attend prenatal care is the main factor associated with the increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV, hindering early maternal diagnosis and the completion of preventative measures during the prenatal period and, often, the peripartum and postnatal periods. A small number of studies discussed the sociodemographic factors, including a low level of education for pregnant women and the inadequacies of health services, such as difficulties scheduling appointments and undertrained staff, associated with vertical transmission. As such, the current challenge is to better define the sociodemographic and infrastructural factors that increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV to provide the necessary investments to promote an earlier inclusion of these populations in prevention services. CONCLUSIONS: This review may serve as a guide for future programs to focus efforts on the prevention of vertical HIV transmission

Prevalência de insatisfação corporal em praticantes de atividade física

Introduction: The practice of physical exercise has been used by individuals dissatisfied with their body image, for gain or loss of weight. However, a negative body image may, paradoxically, reduce the motivation to practice physical activities or increase engagement in exercise programs. Objective: This article aims to carry out a literature search about the prevalence of body dissatisfaction among physical activity practitioners. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review. To search for and select the studies, the following databases were used: Scielo and Ebscohost and the Google academic search engine, allowing the selection of 9 articles, which were published between 2017 and 2019, articles published in Portuguese and English. Results and discussion: In all studies analyzed it was possible to verify that there is a great dissatisfaction with the body image among physical activity practitioners, a fact that can be due to the high social collection of friends, family and the strong influence of the media in the search and idealization of the perfect stipulated body. Conclusion: It is necessary to carry out more studies, which approach the subject, in order to understand the self perception of body image among physical activity practitioners, body dissatisfaction can cause future problems due to this search for an ideal body.Introdução: A prática de exercício físico tem sido utilizada por indivíduos insatisfeitos com sua imagem corporal, para ganho ou perda de peso. Contudo, uma imagem corporal negativa pode, paradoxalmente, reduzir a motivação para a prática de atividades físicas ou aumentar o engajamento em programas de exercícios. Objetivo:  O presente artigo tem por finalidade realizar uma busca bibliográfica sobre a prevalência de insatisfação corporal entre praticantes de atividade física. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. Para busca e seleção dos estudos utilizou-se as bases de dados: Scielo e Ebscohost e o buscador Google acadêmico, permitindo a seleção de 9 artigos, os quais foram publicados entre os anos de 2017 a 2019, pesquisou-se artigos publicados em português e inglês. Resultados e discussão: Em todos os estudos analisados foi possível verificar que há grande insatisfação com a imagem corporal, entre os praticantes de atividade física, fato este, que pode ser decorrente da elevada cobrança social de amigos, familiares e a forte influência da mídia pela busca e idealização do corpo estipulado perfeito. Conclusão: É necessário a realização de mais estudos, que abordem a temática, no intuito de compreender a auto percepção da imagem corporal entre praticantes de atividade física, a insatisfação corporal pode provocar problemas futuros, devido a essa busca por um corpo ideal

COVID-19 and the support network of the National Pastoral of the Elderly

The objective of this study, carried out by the Center for the Study and Research of Aging at PUC-SP, Brazil, in partnership with Staffordshire University – England, UK, was to analyze the action of volunteers from the National Pastoral of the Elderly, in terms of practical support and loving accompaniment. during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study is cross-sectional, quantitative, with a non-probabilistic sample, and involved 4,114 volunteers, mostly women, through telephone interviews done on a 7 period in May 2020