Farnesol-Like Endogenous Sesquiterpenoids in Vertebrates: The Probable but Overlooked Functional ?Inbrome? Anti-Aging Counterpart of Juvenile Hormone of Insects?

Literature on the question whether the juvenile stage of vertebrates is hormonally regulated is scarce. It seems to be intuitively assumed that this stage of development is automated, and does not require any specific hormone(s). Such reasoning mimics the state of affairs in insects until it was shown that surgical removal of a tiny pair of glands in the head, the corpora allata, ended larval life and initiated metamorphosis. Decades later, the responsible hormone was found and named ?juvenile hormone? (JH) because when present, it makes a larva molt into another larval stage. JH is a simple ester of farnesol, a sesquiterpenoid present in all eukaryotes. Whereas vertebrates do not have an anatomical counterpart of the corpora allata, their tissues do contain farnesol-like sesquiterpenoids (FLS). Some display typical JH activity when tested in appropriate insect bioassays. Some FLS are intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of cholesterol, a compound that insects and nematodes (=Ecdysozoa) cannot synthesize by themselves. They ingest it as a vitamin. Until a recent (2014) reexamination of the basic principle underlying insect metamorphosis, it had been completely overlooked that the Ca2+-pump (SERCA) blocker thapsigargin is a sesquiterpenoid that mimics the absence of JH in inducing apoptosis. In our opinion, being in the juvenile state is primarily controlled by endogenous FLS that participate in controlling the activity of Ca2+-ATPases in the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SERCAs), not only in insects but in all eukaryotes. Understanding the control mechanisms of being in the juvenile state may boost research not only in developmental biology in general, but also in diseases that develop after the juvenile stage, e.g., Alzheimer?s disease. It may also help to better understand some of the causes of obesity, a syndrome that holometabolous last larval insects severely suffer from, and for which they found a very drastic but efficient solution, namely metamorphosis

P17-23. Enhanced expression of HIV antigens and improved antigen presentation after infection with replication competent attenuated vaccinia virus in vitro

1 página.-- Presentación de póster presentation.-- Este artículo es parte del suplemento: AIDS Vaccine 2009.Peer reviewe

S04-04 OA. HIV-specific responses induced by anti-CD40 targeting antibodies

International audiencen.

Contenido de minerales en algunas especies forrajeras presentes en el pastizal natural de un sistema silvopastoril en el bajo delta del Río Paraná

We analyzed the content of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total ash (Cen) and insoluble ash (Insol), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in forage species growing wild in silvopastoral system of the Lower Delta of the Parana River after planting forest. 10 plants were harvested from the following species: Glyceria multiflora (Cebadilla de agua), Deyeuxia viridiflavescens (Pasto plateado), Melilotus officinalis (Trébol de olor amarillo), Phalaris angusta (Alpistillo), Lolium multiflorum (Ray gras), Lathyrus pubescens (Arvejilla), Vicia gramínea (Vicia) y Leersia hexandra (Arrocillo). They were dried, incinerated and ashes dissolved in acid. Mineral determinations were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and colorimetry. Mineral contents in the species studied here were lower than values informed previously of forage species of temperate weather and, in some cases, mineral requirements for cattle.Se realizó el análisis del contenido de fósforo (P), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), hierro (Fe), cobre (Cu), zinc (Zn) y cenizas totales (Cen) e insolubles (Insol), en especies forrajeras que crecen naturalmente en el sistema silvopastoril del Bajo Delta del Río Paraná,  luego de la plantación forestal. Se cosecharon 10 plantas de cada una de las siguientesespecies: Glyceria multiflora (Cebadilla de agua), Deyeuxia viridiflavescens (Pasto plateado), Melilotus officinalis (Trébol de olor amarillo), Phalaris angusta (Alpistillo), Lolium multiflorum (Ray gras), Lathyrus pubescens (Arvejilla), Vicia gramínea (Vicia) y Leersia hexandra (Arrocillo). Se secaron y calcinaron, resuspendiendo las cenizas en ácido. Las determinaciones de minerales se realizaron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (EAA) y colorimetría. Las concentraciones determinadas fueron inferiores a las informadas para forrajeras de clima templado y, en algunos casos, a los requerimientos establecidos para ganado bovino

Co- and multimorbidity patterns in primary care based on episodes of care: results from the German CONTENT project

Contains fulltext : 69171.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Due to technological progress and improvements in medical care and health policy the average age of patients in primary care is continuously growing. In equal measure, an increasing proportion of mostly elderly primary care patients presents with multiple coexisting medical conditions. To properly assess the current situation of co- and multimorbidity, valid scientific data based on an appropriate data structure are indispensable. CONTENT (CONTinuous morbidity registration Epidemiologic NeTwork) is an ambitious project in Germany to establish a system for adequate record keeping and analysis in primary care based on episodes of care. An episode is defined as health problem from its first presentation by a patient to a doctor until the completion of the last encounter for it. The study aims to describe co- and multimorbidity as well as health care utilization based on episodes of care for the study population of the first participating general practices. METHODS: The analyses were based on a total of 39,699 patients in a yearly contact group (YCG) out of 17 general practices in Germany for which data entry based on episodes of care using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) was performed between 1.1.2006 and 31.12.2006. In order to model the relationship between the explanatory variables (age, gender, number of chronic conditions) and the response variables of interest (number of different prescriptions, number of referrals, number of encounters) that were applied to measure health care utilization, we used multiple linear regression. RESULTS: In comparison to gender, patients' age had a manifestly stronger impact on the number of different prescriptions, the number of referrals and number of encounters. In comparison to age (beta = 0.043, p < 0.0001), multimorbidity measured by the number of patients' chronic conditions (beta = 0.51, p < 0.0001) had a manifestly stronger impact the number of encounters for the observation period. Moreover, we could observe that the number of patients' chronic conditions had a significant impact on the number of different prescriptions (beta = 0.226, p < 0.0001) as well as on the number of referrals (beta = 0.3, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Documentation in primary care on the basis of episodes of care facilitates an insight to concurrently existing health problems and related medical procedures. Therefore, the resulting data provide a basis to obtain co- and multimorbidity patterns and corresponding health care utilization issues in order to understand the particular complex needs caused by multimorbidity

Структура вірусних діарей у дітей на Сумщині

Гострі кишкові інфекції (ГКІ) стійко посідають одне з провідних місць серед усіх інфекційних захворювань, характеризуються широкою поширеністю, високою частотою розвитку тяжких форм і ускладнень. Прогрес у галузі лабораторних методів діагностики дозволив істотно розширити уявлення про етіологічні чинники хвороби: у країнах, що розвиваються, домінують діарейні інфекції бактерійної етіології, а в економічно розвинених країнах - вірусної. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3228