Los soldados del presidio de Gran Canaria en el siglo XVI

El estudio de las milicias en el archipiélago canario ha sido un tema recurrente en la historiografía insular, abordada por distintos autores en amplitud y profundidad, al abarcar no solo la organización de las mismas sino incluso la estrategia y las armas utilizadas en la defensa, en momentos de peligro. Sin embargo, la presencia de los presidios en Canarias ha contado con menos opciones, al ser tropas profesionales, de paso y de refuerzo, que operan en las islas en momentos puntuales. El objetivo, por tanto, que perseguimos en este estudio es contraponer en el desarrollo de la defensa de la isla de Gran Canaria a los dos tipos de fuerzas que operaron en su territorio y sus características y consecuencias

Sexual violence in the Canary Islands in the 16th century: Rape and false report

La situación de la mujer en Canarias, tras la conquista del archipiélago, continuó con los parámetros europeos y especialmente castellanos. Así, su vida tenía como objetivo la búsqueda de realizarse, como esposa y como madre, que eran los papeles que la sociedad le había asignado, de tal modo que la mujer desde su más tierna infancia conoce la senda que la sociedad le tenía adjudicada. De acuerdo con estos parámetros, vamos a centrarnos en dos aspectos delictivos que se dieron en la sociedad canaria, al igual que en otros lugares de la geografía española y europea, que recaían en víctimas del sexo femenino y que forman parte de lo que conocemos como violencia sexual: el estupro y la violación, lo que viene a demostrar que en los albores del mundo moderno, tal como sucedió en la etapa medieval, diferentes tipos de violencia que acompañaban al deseo se instalaron en el archipiélago canario.The situation of women in the Canary Islands, after the conquest of the archipelago, continued with European and especially Castilian parameters. Thus, her life aimed to seek to fulfill, as a wife and as a mother, which were the roles that society had assigned them, in such a way that women from their earliest childhood know the path that society had awarded them. In accordance with these parameters, we are going to focus on a criminal aspect that occurred in Canarian society, as in other parts of the Spanish and European geography, which fell of the female victims and which are part of what we know as sexual violence: rape, which goes to show that at the dawn of the modern world, as it happened in the medieval period, different types of violence that accompanied desire were installed in the Canary archipelago

Don Carlos y doña Juana de Austria : una relación complicada

El nacimiento del príncipe Carlos supuso para la infanta Juana, hija de Carlos V y hermana de Felipe II, una novedad en su vida que le mantuvo alerta y entregada a su persona. Esta relación que se vincula desde el nacimiento del infante estuvo marcada por una situación delicada y hasta cierto punto contradictoria, llegando a situaciones complicadas que iban desde el afecto que ambos se tuvieron hasta el desafecto que mostró el príncipe Carlos hacia su tía a partir del momento en que le abandona para viajar a Lisboa a contraer matrimonio con el príncipe lusitano don Juan Manuel.The birth of Prince Charles was a novelty in the life of Infanta Juana, daughter of Charles V and sister of Philip II. It kept her alert and dedicated to his figure. This relationship, which was established from the birth of the Prince, was marked by a delicate and, to a certain extent, contradictory situation. Complicated situations developed, ranging from the affection that both shared, to the disaffection that Prince Charles showed his aunt from the moment she left him to go to Lisbon to marry the Portuguese Prince Don Juan Manuel

Los "Otros" a partir de la obra de Domínguez

Tomando como punto de partida las investigaciones de A. Domínguez Ortiz, se hace un balance de los estudios publicados en España con posterioridad a aquellas sobre tres tipos de marginados sociales: esclavos, expositos y gitanos.Starting,from the research work of A. Domínguez Ortiz, the authors draw up a balance of all subsequent studies published in Spain centred on three types of social outsiders: slaves, foundlings and gipsies

Cognitive clusters in first-episode psychosis

Impairments in a broad range of cognitive domains have been consistently reported in some individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Cognitive deficits can be observed during the prodromal stage. However, the course of cognitive deficits is still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify cognitive subgroups over time and to compare their sociodemographic, clinical and functional profiles. A total of 114 patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders were included in the present study. We assessed subjects through psychiatric scales and eight neuropsychological tests at baseline and at two-year follow-up visit. We performed the Partition Around Medoids algorithm with all cognitive variables. Furthermore, we performed a logistic regression to identify the predictors related to the different cognitive clusters at follow-up. Two distinct subgroups were found: the first cluster characterized by cognitive impairment and a second cluster had relatively intact cognition in comparison with norms. Up to 54.7% of patients with cognitive deficits at baseline tended to improve during the first two years of treatment. Patients with intact cognition at follow-up had a higher socioeconomic status, later age of onset, lower negative symptoms and a higher cognitive reserve (CR) at baseline. CR and age of onset were the baseline variables that predicted cognitive impairment. This research allows us to obtain a better understanding of the heterogeneous profile of psychotic disorders. Identifying the characteristics of patients who will present a cognitive impairment could improve early detection and intervention. These results suggest that enhancing CR could contribute to improving the course of the illness

Cognitive clusters in first-episode psychosis

Impairments in a broad range of cognitive domains have been consistently reported in some individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Cognitive deficits can be observed during the prodromal stage. However, the course of cognitive deficits is still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify cognitive subgroups over time and to compare their sociodemographic, clinical and functional profiles. A total of 114 patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders were included in the present study. We assessed subjects through psychiatric scales and eight neuropsychological tests at baseline and at two-year follow-up visit. We performed the Partition Around Medoids algorithm with all cognitive variables. Furthermore, we performed a logistic regression to identify the predictors related to the different cognitive clusters at follow-up. Two distinct subgroups were found: the first cluster characterized by cognitive impairment and a second cluster had relatively intact cognition in comparison with norms. Up to 54.7% of patients with cognitive deficits at baseline tended to improve during the first two years of treatment. Patients with intact cognition at follow-up had a higher socioeconomic status, later age of onset, lower negative symptoms and a higher cognitive reserve (CR) at baseline. CR and age of onset were the baseline variables that predicted cognitive impairment. This research allows us to obtain a better understanding of the heterogeneous profile of psychotic disorders. Identifying the characteristics of patients who wil

Cliocanarias III

Este número de Cliocanarias ofrece un conjunto de artículos de investigación y divulgación relativos a muy diversos temas y ámbitos territoriale

Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial

Aims The objective of the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT) was to determine whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, would improve post-discharge outcomes in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Pre-specified subgroup analyses suggested potential heterogeneity in post-discharge outcomes with aliskiren in patients with and without baseline diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and results ASTRONAUT included 953 patients without DM (aliskiren 489; placebo 464) and 662 patients with DM (aliskiren 319; placebo 343) (as reported by study investigators). Study endpoints included the first occurrence of cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 and 12 months, all-cause death within 6 and 12 months, and change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 1, 6, and 12 months. Data regarding risk of hyperkalaemia, renal impairment, and hypotension, and changes in additional serum biomarkers were collected. The effect of aliskiren on cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 months (primary endpoint) did not significantly differ by baseline DM status (P = 0.08 for interaction), but reached statistical significance at 12 months (non-DM: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99; DM: HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47; P = 0.03 for interaction). Risk of 12-month all-cause death with aliskiren significantly differed by the presence of baseline DM (non-DM: HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; DM: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33; P < 0.01 for interaction). Among non-diabetics, aliskiren significantly reduced NT-proBNP through 6 months and plasma troponin I and aldosterone through 12 months, as compared to placebo. Among diabetic patients, aliskiren reduced plasma troponin I and aldosterone relative to placebo through 1 month only. There was a trend towards differing risk of post-baseline potassium ≥6 mmol/L with aliskiren by underlying DM status (non-DM: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.71-1.93; DM: HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30-4.42; P = 0.07 for interaction). Conclusion This pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ASTRONAUT trial generates the hypothesis that the addition of aliskiren to standard HHF therapy in non-diabetic patients is generally well-tolerated and improves post-discharge outcomes and biomarker profiles. In contrast, diabetic patients receiving aliskiren appear to have worse post-discharge outcomes. Future prospective investigations are needed to confirm potential benefits of renin inhibition in a large cohort of HHF patients without D

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions