Latitudinal and taxonomic patterns in the feeding ecologies of fish larvae : a literature synthesis

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2012. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Systems 109/110 (2013): 69-77, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.05.002.The longtime focus on factors that influence the survival of marine fish larvae has yielded an extensive number of studies on larval fish diets and feeding success. In light of a recent increase in such studies within lower latitudes, results from the peer-reviewed literature were synthesized to examine both latitudinal and taxonomic differences in several trophic-related categories, including feeding incidence, trophic niche breadth, ontogenetic diet shifts, dominant prey types, diet broadness, and larval piscivory. A total of 204 investigations (taxon-article combinations) contained suitable results for at least one of these categories. Feeding incidences (proportions of larvae containing food) were significantly higher in lower latitudes with all taxa combined, as well as only within the order Perciformes. Feeding incidences also differed among orders, with Perciformes and Scorpaeniformes having the highest values. The number of larval taxa exhibiting a significantly increasing niche breadth (SD of the log of prey sizes) with larval size decreased toward lower latitudes, with some taxa in lower latitudes exhibiting a decrease in niche breadth with size. The frequency of exhibiting ontogenetic diets shifts decreased with decreasing latitude, as did relative diet broadness (a function of prey types). The most common dominant prey types in the diets of higher latitude larvae were nauplii and calanoid copepods, with cyclopoids being rare in higher latitudes. Dominant prey types in lower latitudes were more diverse, with nauplii, calanoids, and cyclopoids being equally important. Appendicularians increased in importance with decreasing latitude, and one of the clearest latitudinal distinctions was the display of larval piscivory (almost exclusively by scombroid taxa), which was highly concentrated in lower latitudes. Overall, the latitudinal differences observed for multiple trophic related factors highlight inherent distinctions in larval fish feeding ecologies, likely reflecting differences in the overall structure of planktonic food webs over large latitudinal gradients.This work was supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region

Trophic ecology of barrelfish (Hyperoglyphe perciformis) in oceanic waters of southeast Florida

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of Marine Science 93 (2017): 987-996, doi:/10.5343/bms.2017.1003.Deep-water demersal fishes represent an understudied but ecologically important group of organisms. Select species of demersal fishes rely on pelagic prey items, representing a direct transport of surface carbon to greater depths. Barrelfish Hyperoglyphe perciformis (Mitchell, 1818), which inhabit deep slope waters, are a species that has been suggested to fill this role, as congeners consume primarily pelagic gelatinous zooplankton; however, there is a dearth of information on the trophic ecology of barrelfish. Stomach content and stable isotope analyses were conducted on barrelfish caught by recreational fishers off Miami, Florida to improve our understanding of the feeding of this species. Pyrosoma atlanticum (Péron, 1804), a pelagic, vertically migrating tunicate, represented 89% of the barrelfish diet by weight. Mesopelagic fish and shrimp contributed much smaller proportions. Standard ellipse areas corrected for sample size (SEAc) showed a substantially smaller isotopic niche width for barrelfish (0.606 ‰2) than dolphinfish (2.16 ‰2), king mackerel (3.04 ‰2), or wahoo (1.97 ‰2). Coupled with dependence on a singular prey item, the low SEAc of barrelfish suggests they occupy a limited trophic niche space. Overlap of barrelfish SEAc with dolphinfish (99.5% overlap) and king mackerel (100% overlap) indicate that the carbon sources as well as the number of trophic steps for barrelfish are similar to king mackerel and dolphinfish and are linked to surface waters. This trophic linkage suggests that barrelfish may play a role in carbon export and further study into their behavior and daily consumption rates is warranted for quantifying this role.Funding was provided to JJS from a Small Undergraduate Research Grant Experience (SURGE). JKL was supported as a Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region fellow with funds from NOAA

Movements and spawning of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) off Punta Cana, Dominican Republic

With a focus on white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), a concurrent electronic tagging and larval sampling effort was conducted in the vicinity of Mona Passage (off southeast Hispaniola), Dominican Republic, during April and May 2003. Objectives were 1) to characterize the horizontal and vertical movement of adults captured from the area by using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs); and 2) by means of larval sampling, to investigate whether fish were reproducing. Trolling from a sportfishing vessel yielded eight adult white marlin and one blue marlin (Makaira nigricans); PSAT tags were deployed on all but one of these individuals. The exception was a female white marlin that was unsuitable for tagging because of injury; the reproductive state of its ovaries was examined histologically. Seven of the PSATs reported data summaries for water depth, temperature, and light levels measured every minute for periods ranging from 28 to 40 days. Displacement of marlin from the location of release to the point of tag pop-up ranged from 3l.6 to 267.7 nautical miles (nmi) and a mean displacement was 3.4 nmi per day for white marlin. White and blue marlin mean daily displacements appeared constrained compared to the results of other marlin PSAT tagging studies. White marlin ovarian sections contained postovulatory follicles and final maturation-stage oocytes, which indicated recent and imminent spawning. Neuston tows (n=23) yielded 18 istiophorid larvae: eight were white marlin, four were blue marlin, and six could not be identified to species. We speculate that the constrained movement patterns of adults may be linked to reproductive activity for both marlin species, and, if true, these movement patterns may have several implications for management. Protection of the potentially important white marlin spawning ground near Mona Passage seems warranted, at least until further studies can be conducted on the temporal and spatial extent of reproduction and associated adult movement

Educational attention to diversity and current educational demands

En este volumen, se presentan experiencias y reflexiones para la atención y el apoyo en el desarrollo del pensamiento a niños con Síndrome de Down, experiencias desde el uso las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC), como herramientas para la reflexión y formación docente en un entorno hacia la construcción de la interculturalidad. Se sistematiza el proceso de formación inicial de la función orientadora para la convivencia escolar y la atención a la diversidad en estudiantes universitarios. Se expone, además, el análisis cualitativo de diferentes documentos que revelan logros significativos desde la formación inicial de docentes la motivación profesional; desarrollo de habilidades para la dirección del proceso de atención logopédica integral y desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas desde la practica laboral sistemática y concentrada.  Se destaca, a su vez, la importancia de la educación emocional a través de las neurociencias, el pensamiento creativo y la formación inicial de los educadores que trabajan en este ámbito desde la concepción integradora que implique la intervención fundamental de la familia, la escuela, la comunidad y las instituciones en general.In this volume, experiences and reflections are presented for the care and support in the development of thinking for children with Down Syndrome, experiences from the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), as tools for reflection and teacher training in an environment towards the construction of interculturality. The initial training process of the guiding function for school coexistence and attention to diversity in university students is systematized. It also exposes the qualitative analysis of different documents that reveal significant achievements from the initial training of teachers to professional motivation; development of skills for the direction of the comprehensive speech therapy process and development of investigative skills from systematic and concentrated work practice. At the same time, the importance of emotional education through neurosciences, creative thinking and the initial training of educators who work in this field from the integrative conception that implies the fundamental intervention of the family, the school, the community and institutions in general

Enhancement of Antitumor Vaccination by Targeting Dendritic Cell-Related IL-10

Understanding mechanisms associated to dendritic cell (DC) functions has allowed developing new antitumor therapeutic vaccination strategies. However, these vaccines have demonstrated limited clinical results. Although the low immunogenicity of tumor antigens used and the presence of tumor-associated suppressive factors may in part account for these results, intrinsic vaccine-related factors may also be involved. Vaccines modulate DC functions by inducing activating and inhibitory signals that determine ensuing T cell responses. In this mini review, we focus on IL-10, inhibitory cytokine induced in DC upon vaccination, which defines a suppressive cell subset, discussing its implications as a potential target in combined vaccination immunotherapies

Blended Learning como complemento a la formación presencial en el proceso de enseñanza en la Educación Superior

The scientific-technical revolution has impacted the Pedagogy of Higher Education, specifically in the way that students can assimilate knowledge and in turn has generated a problem, which is how to use these technologies by teachers. That is why the present work presents an experience where a group of methodological procedures are presented to use the virtual classroom as a means of teaching, extensible to the different types of classes that teaching in universities requires. It is based on knowledge management through the use of new learning scenarios and the methodology of the forms of organization of the teaching-learning process of higher education. An analysis is offered on the experiences of the different careers that have built the virtual classrooms of their subject as a result of the different versions of the course.La revolución científico-técnica ha impactado la Pedagogía de la Educación Superior, específicamente en la forma en que los alumnos pueden asimilar el conocimiento y a su vez ha generado un problema, el cual consiste en cómo utilizar esas tecnologías por parte del profesorado. Es por ello que el presente trabajo presenta una experiencia donde se presentan un grupo de procederes metodológicos para utilizar el aula virtual como medio de enseñanza, extensible a los diferentes tipos de clases que exige la didáctica en las universidades. Se fundamenta en la gestión del conocimiento mediante el uso de los nuevos escenarios de aprendizajes y la metodología de las formas de organización del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la Educación superior.  Se ofrece un análisis sobre las experiencias de las diferentes carreras que han montado las aulas virtuales de su asignatura como resultado de las diferentes versiones del curso

El trabajo con las familias ante las drogas porteras con un enfoque de derechos

Los niños y adolescentes se encuentran expuestos al nivel familiar, tienen una diversidad de factores de riesgo y entre ellas se encuentran las drogas porteras. El tabaquismo, desde un enfoque de derecho debe tenerse en cuenta para atenuar esta situación en el marco de la familia. Este trabajo tiene como propósito describir la influencia familiar ante el tabaquismo y las consecuencias que acarrea desde el marco epidemiológico, legal y social

Caracterización de barita cubana y su reducción carbotérmica en horno de microondas

[email protected] barita cubana (BaSO4) se ha caracterizado por difracción de rayos X, análisis químico y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se han identificado sus componentes mayoritarios y así mismo se muestra su morfología característica. Se ha realizado su reducción carbotérmica en horno de microondas con el propósito de mejorar el rendimiento de esta etapa durante el proceso de transformación del mineral en sulfuro de bario (producto intermedio), a partir del cual se obtienen reactivos de bario para diversas aplicaciones.The Cuban Barite (BaSO4) is characterized by X ray diffraction, chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The principal components are identified and its characteristic morphology is shown. Its carbothermic reduction under microwave irradiation is carried out with the purpose of to improve the yield of this stage during the mineral transformation process in reagent of barium of diverse applications