Taxocenose de anuros (Amphibia: Anura) em uma área de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Sul do Brasil

A riqueza de espécies, o uso de habitat e a identificação das principais ameaças sobre uma taxocenose de anfíbios anuros foram determinadas ao longo de 19 meses, em uma localidade originalmente coberta de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no município de Morretes, Paraná, Brasil. Foram registradas 32 espécies de anuros pertencentes a 10 famílias. A anurofauna local apresenta 58% das espécies associadas à ambientes de área aberta e 42% associadas à ambientes florestais. Dentre todos os modos reprodutivos registrados, o modo tipo um - ovos e larvas exotróficas em habitats lênticos, foi o mais comum, especialmente em Hylidae. A atividade de desmatamento, que atualmente é umas das causas de maior efeito negativo sobre populações de anfíbios, ocorre a pelo menos 28 anos nessa região. Iniciativas de conservação e o manejo adequado da área são necessários para que a diversidade de anuros possa ser preservada.Assemblage of anurans (Amphibia, Anura) in a locality of dense Atlantic rain forest, Morretes, Paraná, Brazil. The species richness, habitat use and main environmental impacts on a taxocenose of anurans were determined during 19 months, in a region originally covered by dense Atlantic rain forest at Morretes municipality. Thirty-two species of anurans, belonging to ten families, were registered. In the local anuran fauna, 58% of these species were associated with open areas, and 42% of the species were associated to forests. Among all species, the most frequently observed reproductive mode was mode 1 - eggs and exotrophic larvae in lentic water, mainly presented by the family Hylidae. The deforestation, which today has the major negative impact on this amphibian assemblage, is present in the region for at least 28 years. Environmental management programs are necessary to keep the diversity of anurans.Universidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia AnimalUniversidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Anima

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Science diplomacy. Using global environmental change as an opportunity for public diplomacy

Public diplomacy involves explaining US policy and perspectives and building relationships to foster greater collaboration and understanding of the US and the world. Science and technology increasingly permeate daily life in a multitude of ways, from providing healthy food, clean water, and new materials to enabling highly complex medical procedures and technological advances. As a result, public diplomacy relies on supplementing traditional diplomatic exchanges of education and culture with science and technology to foster international collaboration. Public diplomacy can use these scientific and technological advances to connect citizens, students, and scientific communities around the world as never before. Global environmental challenges (e.g., climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, food and water insecurity) encompass a series of interconnected issues that increase risks to well-being and security. These common threats unite people around the world in new ways and forge connections to scientists, educators, and entrepreneurs in the search for sustainable and just solutions. Global challenges do not recognize national borders and cannot be solved by individual nations, meaning that diplomats occupy solution spaces where they enable trusted relationships and cultural understanding among scientists, policymakers, and communities by integrating science and technology into public diplomacy activities. Solutions that provide benefits from science and technology to human societies require productive relationships among stakeholder groups, including public engagement with science to promote collective action from citizens and policymakers at local, regional, subnational, or national levels (Biden, 2021). Here, we capitalize on the opportunity to contribute a chapter on science diplomacy with a focus on global environmental challenges to illustrate the positive outcomes and impact that can be achieved by integrating science with public diplomacy