Szent remeték mint a szerzetesi élet példaképei: az egri irgalmas rendház 18. századi ablaktáblái Fr. Huetter Lukácstól

Abstract The order of the hospitaller brothers of St John of God worked in Eger from 1726 to 1950. One of them, brother Lucas Huetter (†1760) adorned the window shutters of the monastic cells with paintings between 1749 and 1760. The oil paintings are equally 68×38 cm. The painter in Eger used for his pictures the late 16th century print series by Johannes and Raphael Sadeler made after the works of Antwerp painter Marten de Vos (1532–1603) (titles of the series: “Solitudo sive vitae patrum eremicolarum”, “Sylvae sacrae” and “Trophaeum vitae solitariae”). The twelve scenes on the six window shutters are tightly connected to the monastic way of living. In the first pair of shutters Martinianus and Evagrius exemplify triumph over temptation. The second pair (St Venerius and St Paul the Simple) stresses the importance of obedience. The saint hermits (St Mary the Egyptian, St William of Maleval and Onuphrius) and St Francis of Assisi are paragons of poverty, asceticism and self-denial. The saints on the window shutters of the third cell (St Ignatius of Loyola, St Isidore of Madrid, the hermits Mutius and Simeon) all receive celestial help for the execution of their tasks. In “The Imitation of Christ” Thomas à Kempis presents the holy hermits and sainted founders of the orders as examples to be imitated by the monks and all God-fearing people. The window shutters in Eger did not merely serve as decoration for the cells but filled clearly didactic, exemplary roles: how to overscome the difficulties of the everyday life, to keep focused on God and to become a saint

Agroforestry for the future: motivations behind Tasmanian farmers planting trees

Agroforestry is the act of combining farming and tree planting, and many Tasmanian farmers are starting to plant trees on their properties for multiple reasons. Through conducting 9 interviews with farmers and researchers and visiting field sites, 3 main themes were identified to answer the question: why are Tasmanian farmers planting trees, and what are the benefits and downsides to agroforestry? Interviews help us understand farmers’ perceptions of agroforestry, and field data collection will prove the benefits of agroforestry in the future. Tasmania was chosen as the location of study as it is a state in Australia that largely focuses on agriculture, has a large logging industry, and is home to the ongoing Perennial Prosperity research project that is currently researching many topics relating to agroforestry. The 3 themes identified are benefits agroforestry provides to farmers and ecosystems (1), challenges farmers face with agroforestry or problems not solved by agroforestry (2), and future opportunities positively relating to agroforestry (3). Farmers are planting trees to provide ecosystem services such as erosion control and shelter, increase farm productivity and biodiversity, help reach carbon neutrality, give security in the face of global climate change, improve aesthetics and mental health, and diversify income through supplying timber. Farmers face multiple challenges when using agroforestry, some of which include persisting problems with agricultural systems and costs for tree implementation. Future opportunities such as agroforestry research and shifts towards local agriculture could have positive impacts in various sectors. Agroforestry is likely to increase in the future, and understanding the various benefits trees give to humans and the planet will be important in future agricultural and agroforestry related endeavors

Food safety is truly everyone's business

n/

Clinical characteristics of pollen food allergy syndrome in southern European countries

Background: Worldwide, allergic rhinitis is a disease affecting an estimated 10-30% of the world population and thus having a high socioeconomic impact. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) can be difficult to diagnose, especially in Southern Europe, where pollen seasons are long and often overlap. Amongst patients with SAR, pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is a frequent comorbidity. Yet, due to its heterogeneity in symptoms, triggers, and laboratory results, it is underdiagnosed. As of now, no comprehensive study examining the syndrome in the Mediterranean region has been published. Objectives: To identify the clinical characteristics of PFAS in Southern Europe as well as possible similarities, differences, and unique features within the region. Methods: The @IT.2020 Multicenter Study recruited 815 patients suffering from SAR aged 10 to 60 years from nine Southern European centers. They were included in an initial study visit, during which questionnaires on SAR, comorbidities, family history, and PFAS as well as skin prick and immunoglobulin E (IgE) testing were performed. Afterwards, they participated in a digital monitoring period as well as a second study visit with follow-up questionnaires. The resulting data regarding PFAS was analyzed for this dissertation. Results: 167 out of the 815 patients (20.5%) reported PFAS reactions. Kiwi (58, 34.7%), peach (43, 25.7%), and melon (26, 15.6%) were the most frequently named elicitors. Most of the reported reactions were localized (216/319, 67.7%) and occurred within five minutes after contact with the eliciting food (209/319, 65.5%). The characteristics associated with PFAS included positive IgE results to one or more of the tested panallergen groups (profilin, pathogenesis-related class 10 protein (PR-10), or non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP)), positive maternal history of PFAS, and positive history of asthma. The included centers showed a vast heterogeneity in prevalence of PFAS and its associated clinical characteristics. Conclusions: The current findings portray the clinical relevance of PFAS in Southern Europe. Vast differences within the region were found, which may be due to differing pollen sensitization patterns. The new insights on associated clinical characteristics and common elicitors can aid physicians and patients in diagnosis and therefore food allergen avoidance. The data will also become relevant to clinical life in Germany, as plants currently only found in Southern Europe are predicted to spread north and the length of pollen seasons is predicted to increase due to climate change.Hintergrund: Weltweit ist allergische Rhinitis eine Erkrankung, die geschätzte 10-30% der weltweiten Bevölkerung beeinträchtigt und daher eine hohe sozioökonomische Auswirkung hat. Saisonale allergische Rhinitis (SAR) kann schwer diagnostizierbar sein, vor allem in Südeuropa, da hier die Pollensaisons lange anhalten und häufig überlappen. Bei Patienten mit SAR ist das Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome (PFAS) eine häufige Komorbidität. Die Symptome, Auslöser, und laborchemischen Erkennungsmerkmale fallen sehr heterogen aus, weshalb PFAS häufig unterdiagnostiziert wird. Bislang wurde noch keine umfassende Studie zu PFAS in der mediterranen Region publiziert. Zielsetzung: Die klinischen Charakteristika von PFAS in Südeuropa im Hinblick auf Ähnlichkeiten, Unterschiede und phänotypische Besonderheiten innerhalb der Region zu identifizieren. Methodik: Die @IT.2020 Multicenter Study rekrutierte 815 PatientInnen mit SAR im Alter von 10 bis 60 Jahren in neun südeuropäischen Zentren. Im ersten Schritt wurden PatientInnendaten hinsichtlich SAR, Komorbiditäten, Familienanamnese und PFAS erhoben. Zudem wurden Hautpricktest und Immunglobulin E (IgE)-Messungen durchgeführt. Es schloss sich ein digitaler Überwachungszeitraum, gefolgt von einer zweiten, abschließenden Datenerhebung per Fragebogen an. Die Daten zu PFAS wurden für diese Dissertation analysiert. Ergebnisse: 167 von 815 PatientInnen (20,5%) berichteten über PFAS-Reaktionen. Kiwi (58, 34,7%), Pfirsich (43, 25,7%) und Melone (26, 15,6%) waren die meist genannten Auslöser. Die häufigsten Reaktionen waren lokal (216/319, 67,7%) und traten innerhalb von fünf Minuten nach Kontakt mit dem auslösenden Lebensmittel auf (209/319, 65,5%). Die mit PFAS assoziierten Charakteristika beinhalteten eine positive IgE-Testung auf mindestens eine der eingeschlossenen Panallergengruppen (Profilin, Pathogenesis-Related Class 10 Protein (PR-10) oder Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein (nsLTP)), eine positive maternale Familienanamnese für PFAS und die positive Eigenanamnese für Asthma. Zwischen den beteiligten Zentren zeigte sich eine große Divergenz hinsichtlich der Prävalenz sowie den assoziierten klinischen Charakteristika. Schlussfolgerung: Die aktuellen Ergebnisse zeigen die klinische Relevanz sowie geographisch verteilte Heterogenität von PFAS in Südeuropa. Letztere könnte durch Unterschiede der Pollensensibilisierungsmuster erklärt werden. Die Einblicke in die klinischen Charakteristika und häufigen Auslöser können sowohl ÄrztInnen als auch PatientInnen in der Diagnose sowie im Management von PFAS unterstützen. Die Daten werden auch im klinischen Alltag in Deutschland relevant werden, da vorhergesagt wird, dass aufgrund des Klimawandels Pflanzen, die aktuell primär in südlichen Breitengraden auftreten, sich ausbreiten und die Pollenflugzeiten sich ausdehnen werden

The Politics of User-Driven Innovation: On innovative users, do-able needs, and frugal robots

Users play an increasingly important role in European innovation policy. They are commonly seen as drivers of and active co-creators within innovation processes. However, user-driven innovation remains infused with a number of assumptions about users, technology, and “successful” innovation, which (partly) undermine a more democratic, open approach to innovation. In this contribution, I investigate the interplay between broader policy assumptions in the European discourse on user-driven innovation and its practical performance within an innovation project centring on healthcare robotics. Here, I argue that the politics of user-driven innovation harbours particular assumptions that, in effect, restrict the agency of users while also engendering conflict and contradictory outcomes. Hence, user-driven innovation is not simply about users driving innovation but rather about interfacing users and their concerns with (robotics) developers and their technology. For this, I propose an analytics of interfacing, which draws together literatures on the performative dynamics of participatory processes and more recent work on the political economy of participation. Here, I contend that it is not enough to investigate the construction and performance of publics; rather, it is additionally necessary to follow the manifold practices by which those publics are rendered available for certain technological solutions – and vice versa. Such an analytical approach opens up a fruitful avenue to critically enquire into the politics of participation – sitting in between innovation policy and practice