Concepções dos acadêmicos sobre a evasão do curso de licenciatura em química na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Campus Medianeira

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014A evasão escolar tem sido tema de diversos estudos no Brasil e têm aumentado significativamente no Ensino Superior. Em média, dois em cada dez estudantes brasileiros desistem do curso superior que iniciaram (SIMAS, 2012). Dessa forma, este trabalho foi realizado com a intenção de analisar o motivo da evasão dos acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Química da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) – Câmpus Medianeira. Para isso foi aplicado um questionário para os acadêmicos do curso. Com a aplicação do questionário, o gosto por química e a perspectivas do mercado de trabalho são motivos determinantes para a permanência dos acadêmicos no curso. Já a dificuldade com as disciplinas de matemática presente nos semestres iniciais do curso e dificuldade de conciliar trabalho e estudos seriam as principais causas da evasã

Part-time hospitalisation and stigma experiences: a study in contemporary psychiatric hospitals

Background: Because numerous studies have revealed the negative consequences of stigmatisation, this study explores the determinants of stigma experiences. In particular, it examines whether or not part-time hospitalisation in contemporary psychiatric hospitals is associated with less stigma experiences than full-time hospitalisation. Methods: Survey data on 378 clients of 42 wards from 8 psychiatric hospitals are used to compare full-time clients, part-time clients and clients receiving part-time care as aftercare on three dimensions of stigma experiences, while controlling for symptoms, diagnosis and clients' background characteristics. Results: The results reveal that part-time clients without previous full-time hospitalisation report less social rejection than clients who receive full-time hospitalisation. In contrast, clients receiving part-time treatment as aftercare do not differ significantly from full-time clients concerning social rejection. No significant results for the other stigma dimensions were found. Conclusion: Concerning social rejection, immediate part-time hospitalisation could be recommended as a means of destigmatisation for clients of contemporary psychiatric hospitals

A URBANIZAÇÃO DE CAXIAS DO SUL COMO PROCESSO TRANSFORMADOR DOS PATRIMÔNIOS NATURAIS DA REGIÃO

Located at the northeast of the Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil, Caxias do Sul is considered oneof the most social-economically developed city of the state, suggesting the union of an organizedindustrial development and a structured social and environmental awareness. The city in questionarose through the work of Italian immigrants, come in search of a better place to live, these wereresponsible for the expansion of agriculture and the construction of roads and railways, bringingdevelopment to the Southern Brazilian mountains. Past 119 years after it's emancipation, Caxiasdo Sul became an industrialized and urbanized local, without losing it's most striking features, likethe abundance of preserved native forests areas, the appearance of small-town, clean andorganized and traces of Italian immigrants present in it's architecture and customs. This studyaimed to identify major changes in the environment that occurred during the urban developmentprocess in Caxias do Sul, highlighting the main environmental impacts from this process, as thegrowing production of waste, deforestation, air pollution and water resources, demonstrating theenvironmental education activities performed in the city through the various ecologicalprojects developed by the State Government. Data were obtained through field research and photographic records, indicating changes in the region sceneryhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611703888Caxias do Sul, situada no Nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, considerada uma das cidades mais desenvolvida sócio-economicamente do estado, o que sugere a união de um desenvolvimento industrial organizado e uma consciência social e ambiental estruturada. O município em questão surgiu através do trabalho de imigrantes italianos, vindos em busca de um lugar melhor para viver, estes foram os responsáveis pela ampliação da agricultura, e pela construção de estradas e ferrovias, trazendo o desenvolvimento a serra gaúcha. Passados 119 anos após sua emancipação, Caxias do Sul tornou-se um local urbanizado e industrializado, sem perder suas características mais marcantes, como a abundância de áreas de mata nativa preservada, o aspecto de cidade pequena, limpa e organizada e os traços da imigração italiana presentes em sua arquitetura e costumes. O presente trabalho objetivou identificar as principais transformações no ambiente ocorridas durante o processo de desenvolvimento urbano de Caxias do Sul, destacando os principais impactos ambientais oriundos desse processo, como a crescente produção de resíduos, o desmatamento, a poluição atmosférica e dos recursos hídricos, demonstrando as atividades de educação ambiental realizadas no município por intermédio dos diversos projetos ecológicos desenvolvidos pelo poder público. Os dados foram obtidos através da pesquisa de campo, e de registros fotográficos, indicando as mudanças na paisagem da região

Corpo e violência na construção das intersubjetividades juvenis no ensino médio: lutas por reconhecimento: Body and violence in the construction of juvenile intersubjectivities in high school: struggles for recognition

Busca-se neste ensaio, apresentar de forma sucinta os primeiros passos de um projeto de tese de doutorado, na intenção de entender a construção da intersubjetividade juvenil e luta por reconhecimento no corpo, na integração pessoal no contexto escolar do ensino médio.  A partir do fenômeno intersubjetivo que os jovens apresentam no ambiente escolar, na tensão potente, dos estereótipos de jovens violentos e apáticos, que dão indícios de patologias sociais na contemporaneidade. Essa transição tem causado uma crise nas formas de viver, de educar e nas instituições tradicionais. No intuito de compreender o jovem e seu discurso contemporâneo marcado pelos sintomas da cultura, fundamentar-se-á na Teoria de Luta por reconhecimento de Axel Honneth e na teoria psicanalítica do Amadurecimento pessoal de Donald Winnicott, uma pesquisa investigativa, exploratória e descritiva. A partir dos dados que serão coletados junto aos jovens do Ensino Médio, através de grupo de discussão, numa fusão de horizontes na perspectiva fenomenológica-hermenêutica em Hans-Georg Gadamer que permita compreender o fenômeno social.&nbsp

The stigma of mental illness in Southern Ghana: attitudes of the urban population and patients’ views

PURPOSE: Stigma is a frequent accompaniment of mental illness leading to a number of detrimental consequences. Most research into the stigma connected to mental illness was conducted in the developed world. So far, few data exist on countries in sub-Saharan Africa and no data have been published on population attitudes towards mental illness in Ghana. Even less is known about the stigma actually perceived by the mentally ill persons themselves. METHOD: A convenience sample of 403 participants (210 men, mean age 32.4 ± 12.3 years) from urban regions in Accra, Cape Coast and Pantang filled in the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) questionnaire. In addition, 105 patients (75 men, mean age 35.9 ± 11.0 years) of Ghana's three psychiatric hospitals (Accra Psychiatry Hospital, Ankaful Hospital, Pantang Hospital) answered the Perceived Stigma and Discrimination Scale. RESULTS: High levels of stigma prevailed in the population as shown by high proportions of assent to items expressing authoritarian and socially restrictive views, coexisting with agreement with more benevolent attitudes. A higher level of education was associated with more positive attitudes on all subscales (Authoritarianism, Social Restrictiveness, Benevolence and Acceptance of Community Based Mental Health Services). The patients reported a high degree of experienced stigma with secrecy concerning the illness as a widespread coping strategy. Perceived stigma was not associated with sex or age. DISCUSSION: The extent of stigmatising attitudes within the urban population of Southern Ghana is in line with the scant research in other countries in sub-Saharan Africa and mirrored by the experienced stigma reported by the patients. These results have to be seen in the context of the extreme scarcity of resources within the Ghanaian psychiatric system. Anti-stigma efforts should include interventions for mentally ill persons themselves and not exclusively focus on public attitudes

The relationship of multiple aspects of stigma and personal contact with someone hospitalized for mental illness, in a nationally representative sample

The stigma of mental illness has been shown to be affected by personal contact with mental illness and by a belief in the genetic heritability of mental illness. We use data from a nationally representative survey to test whether the relationship of stigma with contact remains after taking into account the effects of genetic beliefs and other background characteristics. Contact was defined as a history of psychiatric hospitalization among respondents themselves, their family members, or their friends. Respondents answered questions about a vignette character with a mental illness. We found that respondents with contact felt less anger and blame toward the character, thought that the character had a more serious problem, and would want less social distance from the character, including both casual and intimate aspects of social distance. Respondents with contact were not significantly different from the general population in the degree to which they expressed sympathy, thought the problem would last a lifetime, or wanted to restrict reproduction. Thus, contact is associated with having a less ostracizing, critical attitude toward a stranger with mental illness. The results underscore the importance of this experienced group as a resource in fighting stigma in society. Since many people who have had a psychiatric hospitalization have not told their friends or family members about it, this lower-stigma group could be enlarged

Desempenho forrageiro de híbridos de Paspalum obtidos por meio de cruzamentos interespecíficos

The goal of this study was to assess the variability of Paspalum plicatulum x P. guenoarum interspecific hybrids in terms of agronomic performance and their tolerance to cold conditions, as well as to estimate the correlation of different phenotypic characters associated with forage production. Twenty hybrids plants were used, besides one access P. guenoarum, one of P. plicatulum and the cultivar ‘Pensacola’ (P. notatum). Assessments were performed on individual plants, in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. Paspalum genotypes presented variability in total dry matter, leaf dry mass, leaf: stem ratio, and tolerance to cold. We suggest selection of the hybrids 08Q01 and 08Q44 for new stages within a forage improvement program. Estimates of phenotypic correlation may aid in the selection of genotypes with better agronomic traits.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade de híbridos interespecíficos de Paspalum plicatulum x P. guenoarum por meio do desempenho agronômico e tolerância ao frio, bem como estimar as correlações fenotípicas de diferentes caracteres ligados à produção de forragem. Foram utilizados 20 híbridos, um acesso de P. guenoarum, um de P. plicatulum e a cultivar ‘Pensacola’ (P. notatum). As avaliações foram realizadas em plantas individuais, em delineamento completamente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os genótipos de Paspalum apresentam variabilidade para massa seca total, massa seca de folhas e relação folha: colmo e na tolerância ao frio. É possível selecionar os híbridos 08Q01 e 08Q44 para novas etapas dentro de um programa de melhoramento de forrageiras. As estimativas de correlações fenotípicas podem auxiliar na seleção de genótipos com caracteres agronômicos superiores

Re-structuring of marine communities exposed to environmental change

Species richness is the most commonly used but controversial biodiversity metric in studies on aspects of community stability such as structural composition or productivity. The apparent ambiguity of theoretical and experimental findings may in part be due to experimental shortcomings and/or heterogeneity of scales and methods in earlier studies. This has led to an urgent call for improved and more realistic experiments. In a series of experiments replicated at a global scale we translocated several hundred marine hard bottom communities to new environments simulating a rapid but moderate environmental change. Subsequently, we measured their rate of compositional change (re-structuring) which in the great majority of cases represented a compositional convergence towards local communities. Re-structuring is driven by mortality of community components (original species) and establishment of new species in the changed environmental context. The rate of this re-structuring was then related to various system properties. We show that availability of free substratum relates negatively while taxon richness relates positively to structural persistence (i.e., no or slow re-structuring). Thus, when faced with environmental change, taxon-rich communities retain their original composition longer than taxon-poor communities. The effect of taxon richness, however, interacts with another aspect of diversity, functional richness. Indeed, taxon richness relates positively to persistence in functionally depauperate communities, but not in functionally diverse communities. The interaction between taxonomic and functional diversity with regard to the behaviour of communities exposed to environmental stress may help understand some of the seemingly contrasting findings of past research

On the Convergence of the Electronic Structure Properties of the FCC Americium (001) Surface

Electronic and magnetic properties of the fcc Americium (001) surface have been investigated via full-potential all-electron density-functional electronic structure calculations at both scalar and fully relativistic levels. Effects of various theoretical approximations on the fcc Am (001) surface properties have been thoroughly examined. The ground state of fcc Am (001) surface is found to be anti-ferromagnetic with spin-orbit coupling included (AFM-SO). At the ground state, the magnetic moment of fcc Am (001) surface is predicted to be zero. Our current study predicts the semi-infinite surface energy and the work function for fcc Am (001) surface at the ground state to be approximately 0.82 J/m2 and 2.93 eV respectively. In addition, the quantum size effects of surface energy and work function on the fcc Am (001) surface have been examined up to 7 layers at various theoretical levels. Results indicate that a three layer film surface model may be sufficient for future atomic and molecular adsorption studies on the fcc Am (001) surface, if the primary quantity of interest is the chemisorption energy.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figure