Hepatoprotective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Extract on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage in Rats

Moringa oleifera (MO) is reported to have various medicinal properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of MO leaf extract against acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver damage in rats. A dose of 3g/kg APAP was selected to induce liver damage. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=70) were divided into seven groups. Five groups of animals were given various oral pretreatments of 200mg/kg MO, 800mg/kg MO and 200mg/kg Silymarin (Sil) in distilled water at 3ml/day for fourteen days. Meanwhile, two groups served as hepatotoxicity (3g/kgAPAP) and vehicle (40% sucrose) control groups were given distilled water in the similar manner. On day 15, the animals were challenged with 3g/kg APAP in 40% sucrose except for rats in the vehicle (40% sucrose) and MO control groups which received 40% sucrose solution. After 24 and 48 hours blood was withdrawn and livers were harvested. Plasma was prepared and liver function was carried out to determine levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Liver samples were taken for histopathalogical examination, measurement of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities as well as determining malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskall Wallis analysis of variance coupled with the Mann–Whitney U-test. APAP treatment caused significant elevation (p<0.05) of ALT, AST after 24 and 48 hours. Histopathological observations substantiated these findings showing significant (p<0.05) liver damage. APAP treatment caused marked reduction (p<0.05) in hepitic GSH content, GST and GPx. activities coupled with significant increase (p< 0.05) in lipid peroxidation index. The changes observed were time dependent with more changes were noted after 48 hours. Significant (p<0.05) elevation of ALP and significant (p<0.05) decline of GR activity was only noted after 48 hours compared to other groups. 200mg/kg and 800mg/kg MO extract equally showed a significant (p<0.05) amelioration of ALT, AST and ALP levels and a significant reduction (p<0.05) of pathological alteration in a manner similar to Sil. MO extracts showed no signs of toxicity up to a dose level of 800 mg/kg. MO alone significantly increased (p<0.05) GSH content and restored GSH level (p<0.05) in the groups given MO and challenged with APAP. MO alone showed insignificant increase of GST, Gap and GR activities. The significant increase (p<0.05) of these antioxidant enzymes observed in groups received MO extracts and challenged with APAP. Lipid peroxidation was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by the extracts in dose independent manner. A significant (p<0.05) increase of GST activities by 200mg/kg and 800mg/kg MO extracts to the level higher than vehicle group were observed as early as 24 hours in comparison with rats given pretreatment of Silymarin. On the other hand, 200 mg/kg MO significantly (p<0.05) showed similar increase in GPx activity to the level higher than vehicle group in comparison with groups that given 200mg/kg Sil and 800mg/kg MO pretreatment. Prevention of enzyme leakage, preservation of hepatocytes structural integrity, prevention of GSH depletion, restoration of antioxidant enzymes activity that is essential in accelerating detoxification and excretion of APAP toxic metabolites, as well inhibition of lipid peroxidative processes reveals that the extracts of MO leaves possesses potential hepatoprotective activity against APAP induced damage in rats

TARI MANIMBONG DAN MA'DANDAN DALAM UPACARA RAMBU TUKA' DI TORAJA, SULAWESI SELATAN

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berjudul Tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan dalam Upacara Rambu Tuka’ di Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan. Tari Manimbong dan tari Ma’dandan adalah tarian yang tumbuh dan berkembang di daerah Tana Toraja. Tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan yang dewasa ini masih dilakukan oleh masyarakat namun disisi lain secara penemuan sosial masih sangat langkah, disamping itu secara pendokumentasian masih sangat kurang. Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahn tentang asal mula Tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan,gerak, bentuk penyajian, tata rias, tata busana dan iringan pada tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan asal mula tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan, gerak, bentuk penyajian, tata rias, tata busana dan iringan tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan dalam upacara Rambu Tuka’. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka serta analisis data secara triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan berasal dari ungkapan syukur masyarakat Toraja yang telah menyelesaikan seluruh rangkaian adat pada rumah Tongkonan. Tari Manimbong di tarikan oleh kaum laki-laki sedangkan tari Ma’dandan ditarikan oleh para perempuan. Ciri khas gerak dari tari Manimbong adalah mangondo sambil membunyikan simbong, sedangkan tari Ma’dandan memiliki gerak yang sangat sederhana seperti mengayunkan badan ke kanan dan ke kiri sambil memutar tekken yang dipegang para penari. Bentuk penyajian dalam tari ini sangat sederhana, penari hanya berjejer sambil melakukan gerak. Rias yang digunakan dalam tarian ini merupakan rias realis. Busana yang digunakan merupakan pakaian adat khas Toraja. Iringan musik yang ada pada tarian ini menggunakan nyanyian yang di lantunkan oleh para penari. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan masih tetap dilestarikan hal ini dapat dilihat dalam kegiatan tradisi masyarakat yang sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat Toraja. Rias, busana dan iringan musik masih menggunakan pakem tradisi yang sangat kuat. Kata Kunci : Tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan ABSTRACT This study entitled, “Manimbong and Ma’dandan Dance in Rambu Tuka’ Ceremony from Toraja, South Sulawesi”. Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances grow and develop in the Tana Toraja region. Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances are common in the society, yet on the other side, socially, these dances are scarce. Besides, these dances are also rare in the documentation. This study came up with the issues of the origin of Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances, the gestures, the presentation, the cosmetology, the costumes and the accompaniment of Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances. This study intended to delineate the origin of Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances, the presentation, the cosmetology, the costumes and accompaniment of Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances in Rambu Tuka’ ceremony. The descriptive analysis method was applied along with qualitative approach. The data were collected through observation, interview, documentation, literature review, and triangulation of data analysis. The results of this study showed that Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances originated from the locution of gratitude of Toraja society, for they had finished a whole set of customs in Tongkonan house. Manimbong is danced by the menfolk, whilst Ma’dandan is danced by the womenfolk. The unique characteristic of gestures from Manimbong dance is mangondo while chiming simbong. Ma’dandan dance has the very simple gestures like swinging the body to the right and the left while spinning the tekken held by the dancers. The presentation of these dances is very simple. The dancers lined up while dancing. The dressing used in this dance is the realist dressing. Dancers use Toraja traditional clothes. The accompaniment in this dance used the song sung by the dancers. To sum up this study, Manimbing and Ma’dandan dance is still preserved and this could be seen from the community tradition activities often held by Toraja society. Dressing, clothing and accompaniment still apply strong grip of tradition. Keywords: Manimbong and Ma’dandan Danc

Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Ikan Bada (Rasbora sp) di Danau Maninjau, Sumatra Barat

Bada fish is one of the high economic value fish resources that live in Lake Maninjau. Overfishing of bada fish by fishermen without paying attention to aspects of fish biology can lead to population decline. This study aims to analyze the form of bada fish management by looking at its biological aspects. This research was conducted at the Limnology Research Center of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cibinong, Bogor in May-December 2019. Bada fish samples were collected from Lake Maninjau using fishing gear nets, lukah and chart. For the purposes of the analysis, the length and weight of the bada fish were measured and the level of maturity of the gonads. In this study, the t-test (partial) was carried out as an analysis of the parameters of the relationship between length and weight of fish. The results of this study indicate the growth of bada fish in Lake Maninjau based on the results of measurements of length and weight, namely length 21 mm - 124 mm with a weight of 0.01 gr - 13.85 g. The equation of the long relationship weight of female bada fish W = 3.1247L5,4128 , male bada fish W = 3.1296L5,4283 and combined W = 3.163L5,4899. The male dan female bada fish growth pattern is a positive allometric growth pattern. The value of the condition factor was obtained in female and male bada fish, namely 1.3086 and 1.0176. The highest results of bada fishing TKG III and IV were obtained in November. Therefore, it is concluded that the form of management can be carried out by limiting the size of the mesh, prohibiting the operation of non-selective fishing gear, modifying fishing gear, and regulating the catching season

Cultural Re(production) in Maruxa Vilalta’s Pequeña historia de horror (y de amor desenfrenado)

Through the lens of Gérard Genette’s idea of transtextuality, this study looks at Maruxa Vilalta’s representation of cultural manifestations in order to question how they affect social relations. Pequeña historia de horror (y de amor desenfrenado) is analyzed as a theatrical version of “Susanna and the Elders” precisely to show Vilalta’s broader concern with cultural reproduction. This study brings to light the interconnectedness between this play and other cultural texts ranging from Chopin’s “Polonaise Heroic” to Mexican pop culture figure El Monje Loco. I thus show Vilalta’s innovative questioning of artistic value and, more importantly, its social implications through the “distorted mirror” she creates in this particular play

Penggunaan pakan makroalga yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup abalon (Haliotis sp)

Abalon merupakan komoditas perikanan yang memiliki potensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan. Dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi abalon, dapat dikembangkan melalui&nbsp; usaha budidaya. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan usaha budidaya adalah pakan untuk abalon. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahuipakah pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup abalon dipengaruhi oleh pemberian pakan makroalga yang berbeda dan untuk mengetahui jenis pakan makroalga yang optimal untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup abalon. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama dua bulan di perairan laut Lewoleba, Kabupaten Lembata dengan memanfaatkan makroalga Gracilaria sp, Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Ulva sp sebagai pakan abalon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukan ketiga jenis pakan yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu Gracilaria sp, Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Ulva sp memberikan pertumbuhan yang relatif sama. Ketiga pakan tersebut dapat dimakan dengan respon yang normal oleh abalon, tidak meracuni dan membuat abalon stres sehinggah jenis makroalga tersebut dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai pakan utama untuk abalon (Haliotis sp). &nbsp; Kata Kunci : Pakan makroalga, pertumbuhan, abalo

Teknik fertilisasi buatan pada pembenihan kerang darah (Anadara granosa)

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui derajat penetasan pada kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dengan teknik fertilisasi buatan dan mengetahui presentase telur yang mencapai stadia juvenil dari hasil fertilisasi buatan. Penelitian dilakukan selama 1 bulan di&nbsp; UPT Lab Lapangan Terpadu Lahan Kering Kepulauan , Universitas Nusa Cendana. Kerang darah yang diambil dari pantai Tanah Merah, desa Tanah Merah, kecamatan Kupang Tengah, kabupaten Kupang. Kerang darah diaklimatisasi pada wadah penelitian selanjutnya cangkang kerang darah dibuka sedemikian rupa untuk melihat gonad kerang kerang jantan dan betina yang sudah matang gonad. Sperma dan telur kerang dikumpulkan pada cawan petrik dan diaduk hingga rata kemudian dimasukan kedalam akuarium secara merata yang sudah berisi air bersih. Derajat dari hasil fertilisasi telur terbuahi 124.000% telur,&nbsp; Menetas 85.000% sel, dan juvenil 70.000 % sel pada akuarium. presentasi jumlah larva yang mencapai stadia juvenil sebanyak 56,45% individu dan jumlah larva yang mengalami kematian sebanyak 43,8%. &nbsp; Kata kunci : Fertilisasi, kerang darah, pemijahan buata

KOLABORASI PEMBELAJARAN ASSERTIVE TRAINING DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN PERILAKU ASERTIF SISWA TUNARUNGU

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang perkembangan perilaku Asertif siswa tunarungu melalui kolaborasi pembelajaran Assertive Training dan Aktivitas Fisik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain The Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa tunarungu di SLB Negeri Citeureup Kota Cimahi yang berjumlah 24 Orang dengan 14 orang laki-laki dan 10 orang perempuan. Data diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran pretest dan posttest menggunakan angket perilaku asertif. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan T-Paired test. Skor pretest kelompok eksperimen diperoleh rata-rata 80,67, dan skor rata-rata posttest 84,25. Sedangkan skor pretest kelompok kontrol diperoleh rata-rata 80,92 dengan rata-rata posttest 82,67. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok eksperimen diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,02 < 0,05 artinya kolaborasi pembelajaran Assertive Training dan aktivitas fisik memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perkembangan perilaku Asertif siswa tunarungu. Sedangkan kelompok kontrol pembelajaran aktivitas fisik tanpa Assertive Training berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan perilaku Asertif siswa tunarungu dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,04. < 0,05 artinya H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima.;---This study is intended to shed a light on the development of assertive behavior of students with deafness by means of incorporating assertive training and physical activities. This study is an experimental study with The Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. This study draws a sample of 24 students with deafness from a public school for the disabled in Cimahi consisting of 14 male students and 10 female students. A questionnaire measuring assertive behavior was used as pretest and posttest to collect data. The data was calculated using T-Paired test. The experimental group achieved the average score of 80,67 in the pre-test, and 84,25 in the posttest. Meanwhile, the control group had the average scores of 80,92 and 82,67 in the pre-test and posttest subsequently. Further calculation reveals that the experimental group achieved value of significance 0,02 < 0,05 indicating that the combination of assertive training and physical activities significantly influences the development of assertive behavior of students with deafness. In the control group, physical activities without assertive training influenced the development of assertive behavior of the students with deafness with value of significance 0,04. < 0,05 instantiating that H0 is rejected, and H1 is accepted

Potensi dan Keragaman Bakteri Endofit sebagai Agens Pemacu Pertumbuhan dan Biokontrol Anggrek

Soft rot disease in orchid plants is a factor in decreasing orchid production. One way of biological control that has the potential to spur growth is to utilize endophytic bacteria. This study aims to describe the diversity of orchid endophytic bacteria that have the potential as growth promoters and biocontrol agents. Observation parameters include indole acetic acid (IAA) production, inorganic phosphate dissolution, ammonia production of orchid endophytic bacteria, and antagonism of endophytic bacteria to pathogenic bacteria that cause soft rot in vitro. The diversity of orchid endophytic bacteria was analyzed using rep-PCR with BOX-A1R primer. The results showed that 10 isolates of orchid endophytic bacteria were able to produce IAA with a concentration of 79–321 μg/mL, able to dissolve phosphate, and produce ammonia. In antagonism testing against soft rot-causing bacteria, all isolates were able to form an inhibitory zone with a diameter of 3–7.2 cm. Furthermore, diversity analysis using rep-PCR showed that isolates of endophytic bacteria DnPh5, BgCt2, BgVt10, DnLp7, DnBl1, and DnAr4 had a uniform DNA band pattern so that they were grouped together. Meanwhile, isolates of TbPh7, IbtPhm1, DnDr2, and AkOc1 showed different DNA band patterns, indicating that the four isolates were different species or subspecies of bacteria. In dendrogram analysis, DnPh5, BgCt2, BgVt10, DnLp7, DnBl1, and DnAr4 isolates have a similarity of 100%. The similarity of isolates IbtPhm1, DnDr2, and AkOc1 was 90%, 79%, and 68%, respectively, against the other six isolates. TbPh7 isolate is an isolate with a low level of similarity to other isolates, which is about 51%. &nbsp; Keywords: orchid, endophytic bacteria, growth promoter, biocontrol agent, rep-PC

The Effect of JOOX Music Application on Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at SMA Swasta Setia Budi Binjai,English Education Proam

JOOX Music Application is a music application that uses song lyrics, this is very easy for students when listening to English songs. With JOOX Music students can learn pronunciation, writing, and especially to increase their English Vocabulary. The lowest- ability of vocabulary makes it difficult for students to communicate their ideas. This researcher employed quantitative research. The subject of the research was the tenth grade of SMA Swasta Setia Budi Binjai in the academic year 2021/2022. The total population was 122 students and the researcher took 29 students for the experimental class and 20 students for the control class which means 49 students as a total of sample. In collecting the data, the researcher used tests in the form of multiple-choice as the instrument. The tests were Pre-test which was given before the treatment and posta -test which was given after treatment. Then, the data obtained were analyzed by using a t-test in SPSS IBM 22 with 5% (0.05) significant level. The result of the t-test is -11.238 if the t-test is compared with the t-table with degrees of freedom 20 and 29 as stated by the hypothesis that t-test is -11.238 higher. Based on the hypothesis tester Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. It means that there is a significant difference between the average pre-test and post-test scores. It can be concluded that students get good achievements in vocabulary mastery after being taught with the JOOX Music application