Eksplorasi, Identifikasi dan Karakterisasi Nematoda Entomopatogen Pada Lahan Jagung dan Padi

Nematoda entomopatogen (NEP) merupakan nematoda yang berpotensi sebagai agen hayati karena bergerak secara aktif mencari serangga hama dan bersifat parasit terhadap inangnya. Ada dua genus NEP yang bisa di gunakan sebagai agen hayati, yaitu genus Steinernema dan Heterohabditis. Untuk mendapatkan isolat lokal maka perlu dilakukan eksplorasi pada lahan yang diduga memiliki potensi sebagai habitat nematoda entomopatogen. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui genus dan populasi nematoda entomopatogen dari lahan pertanian jagung dan padi di Jember dengan melakukan identifikasi dan karakterisasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Populasi NEP dianalisis didengan Uji Independent Sampel T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan NEP yang diperoleh dari lahan jagung dan padi berasal dari genus Steinernema. NEP isolat lahan jagung memiliki karakteristik panjang tubuh 826,77 μm, lebar tubuh 47,14 μm, panjang ekor 73,16 μm sedangkam isolat lahan padi memiliki karakteristik panjang tubuh 840,54 μm, lebar tubuh 37,70 μm, panjang ekor 57,52 μm. Populasi nematoda entomopatogen pada lahan jagung dan padi yaitu berbeda tidak nyat

Studi Anatomi Tumbuhan Pakan Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus) di Taman Nasional Way Kambas

Tumbuhan pakan merupakan salah satu aspek yang menjadi perhatian dalam manajemen konservasi gajah sumatera. Studi anatomi tumbuhan pakan gajah dapat menyediakan data acuan yang diperlukan dalam mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman tumbuhan pakan gajah, khususnya pada penelitian dengan sampel feses. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyediakan data anatomi tumbuhan pakan gajah sumatera. Sampel yang diamati terdiri atas sampel daun dari 24 spesies dan sampel batang dari empat spesies. Sampel dibuat sediaan mikroskopis sayatan paradermal menggunakan metode wholemount. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk sel epidermis persegi panjang dijumpai pada sampel daun Poaceae, daun dan batang Cyperaceae, dan daun Arecaceae. Stomata yang memiliki sel penjaga berbentuk halter hanya dijumpai pada sampel daun Poaceae dan sampel daun dan batang Cyperaceae. Adanya sel silika dan sel gabus membedakan sampel Poaceae dari Cyperaceae. Sampel daun lainnya memiliki ciri anatomi kualitatif lbervariasi berdasarkan dinding antiklinal sel epidermis, tipe stomata, dan trikoma. Ciri kuantitatif ukuran sel epidermis; ukuran, kerapatan, dan indeks stomata; serta kerapatan trikoma digunakan untuk melengkapi deskripsi spesies dan membedakan spesies yang memiliki ciri kualitatif sama

Spatial Variations in Peanut Worm Density on Toronipa Beach, Southeast Sulawesi

The density of peanut worms found in the subtidal coastal area of ​​Toronipa, Southeast Sulawesi, whose relationship is not fully known with the habitat and substrate where they live. This study aims to determine the density of peanut worms in different habitats and substrates at Toronipa Beach, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was carried out at Toronipa Beach, Southeast Sulawesi in June 2020-February 2021 which was divided into 3 stations based on the texture of the substrate and the type of seagrass. Peanut worms were collected by digging the substrate by hand to a depth of 10 cm in a 10x10 m2 squared transect with 9 replications at each station. The worms found were counted. Water quality and substrate texture were taken after sampling the pea worms. Data were analyzed using the standard formula and tested using Mann Whitney and linear regression. The results showed that the highest density of peanut worms was found at station II with a mean value of 1.33 ± 0.3 ind/m2 which was significantly different from stations I and III. There were 5 species of seagrass found, namely Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule uninervis, Halophila minor and Thalassia hemprichii. The number of seagrass species found at stations I, II and III were 1, 2 and 5 species respectively. The density of pea worms is affected by the density of seagrass with a coefficient of determination of 86.45%. Water quality tended to be the same at all research stations except for organic matter which was found to be higher than stations I and II. The dominant fine sand fraction was found at stations I and III, while very coarse sand was dominantly found at station II

Perbaikan Sifat Fisika Tanah dengan Aplikasi Bahan Organik pada Pertanaman Sorgum

This study aimed to determine the role of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart.) organic matter on water retention at pF 2.54 and pF 4.2, available water content, and soil bulk density. The research method used a factorial randomized block design (RAK-factorial). The first factor was the sorghum variety which consisted of 2 levels, namely, V1 (Numbu variety) and V2 (Kawali variety). The second factor was the dose of water hyacinth organic matter which consisted of 5 levels, namely P0 (without the application of water hyacinth organic matter or control), P1 (10 tonnes.ha-1), P2 (20 tonnes.ha-1), P3 (30 to.ha-1), and P4 (40 ton.ha-1). To determine the effect of the treatment, water retention was measured at pF 2.54 and pF 4.2 using a pressure plate apparatus and pressure membrane apparatus, and bulk density using the ring method. The results showed that the treatment of water hyacinth organic matter and varieties had a significant effect on water retention at pF 2.54, available water content, and soil bulk density with the best treatment of 40 tons-1 water hyacinth organic matter and Kawali variety, but had no effect significantly to water retention at pF 4.2. There was no interaction between water hyacinth organic matter and sorghum varieties to improve water retention and bulk density. The highest water retention at pF 2.54 was 32.24% (P4), the highest available water content was 11.67% (P4) but not significantly different from P3 (11.55%), the lowest bulk density value was 1.11 g cm -3 (P4) but not significantly different from P3 (1.13 g cm-3). There is a very strong positive linear correlation between available water content and bulk density with plant height, panicle length, and sorghum yield

The Fungus Pathogenicity Test : that causes Leaf Disease on Sengon in Dramaga Bogor Permanent Nursery

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) is a fast-growing species, and its wood is easily available because it has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. Efforts to propagate sengon plants are carried out through breeding activities in the nursery. The study aimed to identify the fungus that causes leaf disease on sengon plants and calculate the extent and intensity of attacks by the fungus that causes leaf disease on sengon in the Dramaga Bogor Permanent Nursery. This research method carried out pathogenicity test activities, including field observations, Koch's postulates, and the identification of fungal species. The study used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (RALF). The disease symptoms found on around two months of sengon leaves old at the observation site were leaf fall, leaf spot, and leaf blight. The results of identifying the fungus that causes leaf fall were Rhizoctonia sp.. This fungus that causes leaf spots is Colletotrichum sp., and the fungus that causes leaf blight is Fusarium sp.. Fusarium sp. resulted in the highest percentage of attacks, with a disease incidence of 67,34% and disease severity of 57,28%

Rhizophagus intraradices DAN Trichoderma asperellum SEBAGAI BIOPROTEKTAN DAN BIOFERTILIZER PADA BAWANG MERAH: Rhizophagus intraradices AND Trichoderma asperellum AS BIOPROTECTANT AND BIOFERTILIZER ON SHALLOT

Abstrak True Shallot Seed (TSS) merupakan salah satu alternatif teknologi yang potensial untuk dikembangkan dalam upaya mengatasi perbenihan bawang merah di Indonesia. Kendala lain dalam produksi bawang merah adalah penyakit penting yang menginfeksi bawang merah antara lain, penyakit bercak ungu dan penyakit moler. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan kajian tentang potensi pemanfaatan Rhizophagus intraradices dan Trichoderma asperellum sebagai bioprotektan dan biofertilizer. Trichoderma asperellum diaplikasikan dengan cara dicampurkan pada tanah sebelum penanaman bibit, sedangkan Rhizophagus intraradices diaplikasikan pada lubang tanam pada saat pemindahan bibit. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman, intensitas dan insidensi penyakit bercak ungu serta moler pada bawang merah, dan respons ketahanan umbi hasil panen terhadap Fusarium solani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Rhizophagus intraradices dan Trichoderma asperellum cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman, menekan perkembangan penyakit tanaman dan meningkatkan ketahanan umbi bawang merah terhadap patogen Fusarium solani pada periode pascapanen, ditunjukkan dengan perlakuan Rhizophagus intraradices yang memiliki luas infeksi terendah 21.99 mm2, diikuti dengan perlakuan Trichoderma asperellum 26.63 mm2 dan perlakuan kontrol 37.66 mm2. Kata Kunci : Rhizophagus intraradices, Trichoderma asperellum, True Shallot Seed Abstract True Shallot Seed (TSS) is one of the alternative potential technology to solve the availability of seed quality on shallot in Indonesia. Another problem in the production of shallot is infection by purple blotch, and twisted disease. This research studied the potency of Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum as bioprotectant and biofertilizer. Trichoderma asperellum was mixed in the soil before seedling transplanting and Rhizophagus intraradices applied around of the seedling roots at transplanting. Observed parameters is the growth of shallot (the plant height, number of leaves and length of root), plant health (disease incidence and disease intensity), and resistance of the bulb to Fusarium solani. The result showed that Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum could increase plant growth and suppress plant disease. The treatment could increase resistance from the bulb to Fusarium solani. Treatment Rhizophagus intraradices that have wide infection lowest 21.99 mm2, this was followed with by treatment Trichoderma asperellum 26.63 mm2 and control 37.66mm2. Keywords : Rhizophagus intraradices, Trichoderma asperellum, True Shallot See

Isolation, Identification and Production of Rhizopus sp. Mycelium Containing Low Nucleic Acid for Mycoprotein Development

This study aimed to isolate, identify and produce a high quality of Rhizopus sp. mycelium containing  low nucleic acid. Molds are rich in protein, but also contain a high nucleic acid which can be accumulated in the form of uric acid that related with gout disease in human. Mycelium of fungi commonly contains high protein and nucleic acid, whereas the maximum concentration of nucleic acid in food that permitted is not more than 2 %. Rhizopus spp. were isolated from tempeh collected from 12 different areas in Indonesia. Fungal identification was conducted based on morphological characteristics. The fungal isolates were selected based on mycelial growth and production of spores on PDA. Biomass production of mycelium was carried out in soybean extract and potato extract media obtained from 200 gr/L and from 333.3 gr/L, respectively. Each medium was added 6 levels of sucrose concentration: 0, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 gr/L. Reduction of mycelium nucleic acid content used heat treatment method at 50 oC and 60 oC for 15 minutes and  measured by spectrophotometre at 260 nm. Fifty eight isolates that were identified into 3 species were obtained in this experiment. They were Rhizopus oryzae, R. stolonifer and R. microsporus. R. microsporus had higher mycelium biomass and lower spore number compared to the two other spesies. R. microsporus produced a higher mycelium biomass in the soybean extract medium with 5 gr/L additional sucrose. The nucleic acid content of the 50 oC heat treated mycelium was 1.82 %. This was lower that of a maximum standar of nucleic acid content that permitted in food by USDA

Contact Repair of Deterioration Soil Chemical and Mercury Properties with Biocanate Technology

Gold mining is an activity that utilizes natural resources by extracting the economic value of the deposits. Mining activities can produce hazardous pollutants, namely Hg (mercury) which can damage soil quality either physically, biologically, or chemically. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of biokanat application on the chemical properties of ex-mining land and to determine the effect of biokanat in reducing Hg content in Kanagarian Padang Sibusuak, Sijunjung Regerency. This study was a field experiment having 3 treatments (0 Ton/Ha, 10 Ton/Ha, 20 Ton/Ha) with 3 replicates. The experimental 9 units were allocated based on Randomised Block Design (RBD). The data results were statistically analyzed using F-test 5% level of significance. Then, it was continued using DNMRT if F-calculated > F- Tabel. The results showed that the dose of biokanat 20 Ton/Ha could increase the soil pH into 6.08, organic-C into 2.4%, P-available into 11.96 ppm, total-N into 0.23%, CEC into 2.58 cmol/kg, the basic cations especially Ca into  3.53 cmol/kg, Mg into 0.37 cmol/kg, K into 0.26 cmol/kg, and Na into 0.29 cmol/kg. Application of 20 Ton/Ha biokanat reduced the soil mercury (Hg) content into 15.96 ppm.   Keywords: biocanat, mercury, gold mining

The Potential of Trichoderma Sp. Fungus as Maize Waste Decomposer

Penggunaan dekomposer berupa jamur dalam mempercepat proses pengomposan sangat diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui potensi jamur Tricoderma sp. Isolat lokal Gorontalo sebagai dekomposer limbah tanaman jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2022 sampai Januari 2023 di Laboratorium Agens Hayati (LAH) Gorontalo. Penelitian menggunakan enam isolat Trichoderma lokal sebagai perlakuan yaitu TZ11DI1 (T. Asperellum), TZ21BN2 (T. Brevi convenctum), TZ21BT1 (T. virens), TZ12PO1 (T. Ghanence), TZ21DU1 (T. Resei), TZ21LU1 (T. Dorothopus) dan Kontrol (EM4). Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari tiga ulangan, sehingga terdapat 21 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat Trichoderma yang diuji berpotensi sebagai decomposer limbah tanaman jagung dengan kemampuan menghasilkan enzim selulase dan menurunkan C/N rasio limbah jagung berkisar antara 18-34 atau menurun sebesar 20-58 %. Penyusutan bobot limbah jagung sebesar 41-63 %

Karakter Morfo-agronomi Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum Annum L.) Fase Awal Vegetatif pada Kondisi Stres Waterlogging

Budidaya sayuran  dilahan rawa lebak saat ini masih belum optimal disebabkan oleh kendala dinamika air sulit diprediksi. Tanaman cabai merupakan salah satu jenis ayuran buah yang sering dibudidayakan di lahan rawa lebak namun sering terkendala  kondisi jenuh air total (waterlogging) hingga terendam. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari morfo-agronomi varietas tanaman cabai pada kondisi stres waterlogging pada fase vegetatif awal. Kondisi stres waterlogging disimulasikan dengan cara menggenangi media tanam hingga permukaan atau pada pangkal batang tanaman cabai selama 4 (empat) hari kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses pemulihan selama 7 (tujuh) hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Petak Berlajur (Strip Plot Design). Petak utama (A) terdiri atas yaitu (1) Kontrol/ Kondisi Kapasitas Lapang (penyiraman rutin secara manual hingga mencapai kapasitas lapang) dan (2) Waterlogging (seluruh media tanam atau daerah perakaran terendam dalam air). Anak Petak (F) terdiri atas tiga varietas cabai yaitu Laris, Romario dan Takanotsume (asal Jepang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi stres waterlogging berpengaruh nyata pada hasil panjang akar, jumlah daun, total luas daun, kandungan klorofil (SPAD), berat basah akar, berat basah tajuk, berat kering akar dan berat kering tajuk pada saat setelah stres maupun setelah pemulihan, sedangkan varietas cabai hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap total luas daun dan kandungan klorofil (SPAD). Kondisi stres waterlogging memberikan peningkatan yang tidak signifikan terhadap berat kering tanaman dan rasio tajuk-akar antara sebelum stress, setelah stres dan setelah pemulihan pada varietas Romario dan Takanotsume. Varietas Laris merupakan varietas cabai yang termasuk kategori varietas toleran terhadap kondisi stres waterlogging berdasarkan hasil karakteristik morfo-agronomi fase vegetatif. Kata kunci: berat kering tanaman, Capsicum annum L., stres jenuh air, SPA