Fortrolige voksne i de unges liv

Fortrolige voksne i de unges liv belyser unges behov for og forventninger til fortrolige voksne. Rapporten har særligt fokus på den del af unges tilværelse, der byder på negative udfordringer og hvor der kan være behov for at få adgang til en fortrolig voksen. Rapporten stiller skarpt på hvilke forventninger unge i udskolingen har til deres professionelle voksne, og hvilke emner og problemstillinger de netop knytter til fortroligheden med dem. Rapportens råd og analyser henvender sig til de professionelle voksne, som udskolingseleverne møder i institutionelle sammenhænge – og de voksne enkelte elever vil møde i myndighedssammenhænge

Etiology of facial fractures in elderly Finns during 2006-2007

Objective. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the trauma mechanisms and resulting facial fractures in geriatric patients and to compare them with those of younger adults. Study Design. A cohort of 117 geriatric patients was compared with 136 patients aged 20 to 50 years. The statistical significance of differences between the age groups was evaluated with c2 tests. Results. Falls on the ground were significantly more frequent among geriatric patients (P < .001), whereas assault was more frequent in controls (P < .001). Accident rates in geriatric patients were significantly higher during the winter months (P = .04). Fractures of the midface in general (P = .001) and of the nasal bone (P = .004) and orbit (P = .015) in particular were more frequent in geriatric patients. Conclusions. Age-related factors and preexisting medical problems predispose the elderly to falls and subsequent fractures. Footwear traction devices are recommended during the cold season. Orbital fractures should be strongly suspected in the elderly.Tutkimuksen tarkoitus on selvittää millä vammamekanismilla ja minkä tyyppisiä kasvomurtumia geriatriset potilaat saavat, sekä verrata löydöksiä nuorten aikuisten kasvomurtumalöydöksiin Tutkimukseen kerättiin 117 ikääntynyttä (ikä vähintään 65 -vuotta) ja 136 nuorta (ikä 20 – 50 -vuotta) kasvomurtumapotilasta. Tulosten ja ryhmien välistä tilastollista eroavaisuutta arvioi-tiin Chin-neliötestillä. Tutkimustuloksina todettiin että geriatrisen potilaan kasvomurtuma syntyy tilastollisesti merkittävästi useammin kaatumisen seurauksena, kun taas nuorilla aikuisilla välivalta on merkitsevästi yleisempää, (P < .001). Vammojen esiintyvyys oli huomattavasti korkeampi talvikuukausien aikana geriatrisilla potilailla kuin nuorilla aikuispotilailla, (P = .04). Keskikasvomurtumat (P = .001) ja erityisesti nenäluun (P = .004) sekä silmäkuopan (P = .015) -murtumat olivat tilastollisesti merkitsevästi yleisempiä ikääntyneillä kuin nuorilla aikuispotilailla. Yhteenvetona ikään liittyvät tekijät ja olemassa olevat perussairaudet altistavat vanhuspotilaan kaatumiselle ja sen seurauksena syntyville kasvomurtumille. Liukastumista estäviä kävelyvarusteita voidaan suosittaa kylminä vuodenaikoina kasvomurtumien estämiseksi. Potilaan tutkivan lääkärin tulisi epäillä vahvasti ja poissulkea erityisesti silmäkuopan murtumat ikääntyneellä kasvovammapotilaalla

Isolated Orbital Fractures Are Severe Among Geriatric Patients

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to clarify the reasons for, types of, and degree of involvement of the orbital wall and the severity of orbital fractures in geriatric patients and to compare the differences between geriatric and younger adult patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study of geriatric patients aged at least 65 years (n = 72) and younger controls aged 20 to 50 years (n = 58) with a diagnosis of a unilateral isolated orbital fracture was designed and implemented. The main exposure was age, the primary outcome was the isolated orbital fracture type, and the secondary outcomes were the associated orbital zones, fracture area (cm(2)), degree of dislocation (mm), involvement of anatomic landmarks, diplopia, altered ocular position, restricted eyemovement, and ocular injuries. The confounding variables were gender, trauma mechanism, and alcohol abuse. The statistical methods included chi(2) tests and logistic regression analyses. Results: Among the geriatric patients, the great majority of isolated orbital fractures had been caused by falls (66.7%; P Conclusions: Falling is the most common mechanism of elderly orbital fractures. Isolated orbital fractures are extensive and mainly affect the globe supporting the middle and posterior parts of the orbital floor among geriatric patients. (C) 2017 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeonsPeer reviewe

Associated Injuries Are Frequent and Severe Among Geriatric Patients With Zygomatico-Orbital Fractures

Purpose: Associated injuries (AIs) are hypothesized to be frequent in geriatric zygomatico-orbital (ZMO) fractures. The study aim was to determine the relation between ZMO fractures and AIs in geriatric patients compared with younger adult patients. Patients and Methods: A retrospective case-and-control study was carried out on geriatric patients at least 65 years of age (n = 93) and younger adult patients 20 to 30 years of age (n = 68) diagnosed with pure unilateral ZMO fractures. The main exposure was age, the primary outcome was AI outside the face, and the secondary outcomes were type and severity of AI, ocular injuries, restriction of mandibular movement, and ZMO buttress asymmetry. The confounding variables were gender, trauma mechanism, type of ZMO fracture, and dislocation. Statistical analyses included chi(2) tests, risk evaluation with 2 x 2 tables, and logistic regression analysis. Results: AIs outside the face, and particularly brain injuries, were significantly more frequent in the geriatric group than in the control group (P <.001). The significant predictors of AIs outside the face were fall from a height (66.7%), motor vehicle accidents (66.7%), and absence of ZMO dislocation (59.5%; P <.001). The adjusted risk of brain injury was 2.5-fold in the absence of dislocation. The geriatric group had a more than 5-fold higher risk of brain injuries compared with the younger control group (P = .003). Conclusions: AIs in general, and particularly brain injuries, are frequent in geriatric ZMO fractures. Intra- cranial injuries should be ruled out, particularly in geriatric patients diagnosed with a non-dislocated ZMO fracture. (C) 2018 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeonsPeer reviewe

Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87∗

Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87∗ shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges of a large variety of nonrotating or rotating black holes. For example, we show that the quality of the measurements is already sufficient to rule out that M87∗ is a highly charged dilaton black hole. Similarly, when considering black holes with two physical and independent charges, we are able to exclude considerable regions of the space of parameters for the doubly-charged dilaton and the Sen black holes

Методика вивчення контрольно-вимірювальних приладів у курсі «Технології» основної школи

(uk) У статті запропонована методика вивчення контрольно-вимірювальних приладів при вивчені шкільного курсу «Технології» з використанням сучасного електронного вимірювального обладнання.(en) In the article the technique of studying instrumentation to teach school course "Technology" using modern electronic measuring equipment

Occupation, socioeconomic status and chronic obstructive respiratory diseases - The EpiLung study in Finland, Estonia and Sweden

Objective: To study occupational groups and occupational exposure in association with chronic obstructive respiratory diseases. Methods: In early 2000s, structured interviews on chronic respiratory diseases and measurements of lung function as well as fractional expiratory nitric oxide (FENO) were performed in adult random population samples of Finland, Sweden and Estonia. Occupations were categorized according to three classification systems. Occupational exposure to vapours, gases, dusts and fumes (VGDF) was assessed by a Job-Exposure Matrix (JEM). The data from the countries were combined. Results: COPD, smoking and occupational exposure were most common in Estonia, while asthma and occupations requiring higher educational levels in Sweden and Finland. In an adjusted regression model, non-manual workers had a three-fold risk for physician-diagnosed asthma (OR 3.18, 95%CI 1.07-9.47) compared to professionals and executives, and the risk was two-fold for healthcare & social workers (OR 2.28, 95%CI 1.14-4.59) compared to administration and sales. An increased risk for physician-diagnosed COPD was seen in manual workers, regardless of classification system, but in contrast to asthma, the risk was mostly explained by smoking and less by occupational exposure to VGDF. For FENO, no associations with occupation were observed. Conclusions: In this multicenter study from Finland, Sweden and Estonia, COPD was consistently associated with manual occupations with high smoking prevalence, highlighting the need to control for tobacco smoking in studies on occupational associations. In contrast, asthma tended to associate with non-manual occupations requiring higher educational levels. The occupational associations with asthma were not driven by eosinophilic inflammation presented by increased FENO. Keywords: Asthma; COPD; Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO); Occupational exposure; Smoking; Socioeconomic status.Peer reviewe

TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics (THEZA): ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper

This paper presents the ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper for a concept of TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics (THEZA). It addresses the science case and some implementation issues of a space-borne radio interferometric system for ultra-sharp imaging of celestial radio sources at the level of angular resolution down to (sub-) microarcseconds. THEZA focuses at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths (frequencies above $\sim$300~GHz), but allows for science operations at longer wavelengths too. The THEZA concept science rationale is focused on the physics of spacetime in the vicinity of supermassive black holes as the leading science driver. The main aim of the concept is to facilitate a major leap by providing researchers with orders of magnitude improvements in the resolution and dynamic range in direct imaging studies of the most exotic objects in the Universe, black holes. The concept will open up a sizeable range of hitherto unreachable parameters of observational astrophysics. It unifies two major lines of development of space-borne radio astronomy of the past decades: Space VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) and mm- and sub-mm astrophysical studies with "single dish" instruments. It also builds upon the recent success of the Earth-based Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) -- the first-ever direct image of a shadow of the super-massive black hole in the centre of the galaxy M87. As an amalgam of these three major areas of modern observational astrophysics, THEZA aims at facilitating a breakthrough in high-resolution high image quality studies in the millimetre and sub-millimetre domain of the electromagnetic spectrum.Comment: White Paper submitted in response to the ESA Call Voyage 205

Future mmVLBI Research with ALMA: a European vision

Very long baseline interferometry at millimetre/submillimetre wavelengths (mmVLBI) offers the highest achievable spatial resolution at any wavelength in astronomy. The anticipated inclusion of ALMA as a phased array into a global VLBI network will bring unprecedented sensitivity and a transformational leap in capabilities for mmVLBI. Building on years of pioneering efforts in the US and Europe the ongoing ALMA Phasing Project (APP), a US-led international collaboration with MPIfR-led European contributions, is expected to deliver a beamformer and VLBI capability to ALMA by the end of 2014 (APP: Fish et al. 2013, arXiv:1309.3519). This report focuses on the future use of mmVLBI by the international users community from a European viewpoint. Firstly, it highlights the intense science interest in Europe in future mmVLBI observations as compiled from the responses to a general call to the European community for future research projects. A wide range of research is presented that includes, amongst others: - Imaging the event horizon of the black hole at the centre of the Galaxy - Testing the theory of General Relativity an/or searching for alternative theories - Studying the origin of AGN jets and jet formation - Cosmological evolution of galaxies and BHs, AGN feedback - Masers in the Milky Way (in stars and star-forming regions) - Extragalactic emission lines and astro-chemistry - Redshifted absorption lines in distant galaxies and study of the ISM and circumnuclear gas - Pulsars, neutron stars, X-ray binaries - Testing cosmology - Testing fundamental physical constant

The Photon Ring in M87*

We report measurements of the gravitationally lensed secondary image—the first in an infinite series of so-called “photon rings”—around the supermassive black hole M87* via simultaneous modeling and imaging of the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations. The inferred ring size remains constant across the seven days of the 2017 EHT observing campaign and is consistent with theoretical expectations, providing clear evidence that such measurements probe spacetime and a striking confirmation of the models underlying the first set of EHT results. The residual diffuse emission evolves on timescales comparable to one week. We are able to detect with high significance a southwestern extension consistent with that expected from the base of a jet that is rapidly rotating in the clockwise direction. This result adds further support to the identification of the jet in M87* with a black hole spin-driven outflow, launched via the Blandford-Znajek process. We present three revised estimates for the mass of M87* based on identifying the modeled thin ring component with the bright ringlike features seen in simulated images, one of which is only weakly sensitive to the astrophysics of the emission region. All three estimates agree with each other and previously reported values. Our strongest mass constraint combines information from both the ring and the diffuse emission region, which together imply a mass-to-distance ratio of 4.20 − 0.06 + 0.12 μ as and a corresponding black hole mass of (7.13 \ub1 0.39) 7 109 M ⊙, where the error on the latter is now dominated by the systematic uncertainty arising from the uncertain distance to M87*