Artificial blood feeding for Culicidae colony maintenance in laboratories: does the blood source condition matter?

Culicidae colonization in laboratory is paramount to conduct studies aiming at a better understanding of mosquitoes’ capacity to transmit pathogens that cause deadly diseases. Colonization requires female blood feeding, a necessary step for maturation of female’s oocytes. Direct blood feeding on anesthetized mammals implies in a number of disadvantages when compared to artificial blood feeding. Consequently, laboratories worldwide have been trying to -feed female mosquitoes artificially in order to replace direct feeding. In this study, we compared the effects of direct blood feeding and artificial blood feeding on important life traits of three Culicidae species. Artificial feeding was performed using citrated or defibrinated sheep blood and citrated or defibrinated rabbit blood. Direct feeding was performed using anesthetized guinea pigs as the blood source and the experiment control. Results indicated that artificial feeding using sheep blood was not good enough to justify its use in the maintenance of laboratory colonies of Culicidae. However, artificial feeding using rabbit blood maintained a recovery rate always very close to the control, especially when blood was citrated. We concluded that artificial feeding using citrated rabbit blood can substitute direct feeding on mammals reducing the use of animals, eliminating the need to maintain a bioterium in the laboratory and reducing costs in scientific researches involving Culicidae vectors

Hospital admissions through the National Health System (SUS) in the east of south expanded health region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2014 and 2018

Hospitalizations occur electively in cases with no imminent risk to life or in cases of urgency and emergency, which demand immediate medical assistance. In a Health Region, these hospitalizations are conducted in reference hospitals. This study aimed to analyse hospital admissions in the Eastern South Region of Minas Gerais, by comparing the number of urgency and emergency admissions with elective procedures admissions and with the number of urgency admissions with sensitive to primary care conditions (CSAP). This longitudinal-retrospective-descriptive study was conducted with Hospital Information System (SIH) data relative to the 2014-2018 interval. Altogether, there were registered 129,524 hospitalizations, with 17,546 (13.55%) being elective admissions and 111,978 (86.45%) urgency procedures. Of the urgency hospitalizations total, 20,108 (17.95%) were CASP hospitalizations. The frequency of urgency hospitalization was six times higher than the elective hospitalization one, and even SPCC emergency admissions exceeded the elective hospitalizations offer

The isolation and characterization of endophytic microorganisms from Hyptis marrubioides Epling roots

Endophytic microorganisms asymptomatically colonize healthy plant tissues and may be related to the plant's resistance to attack by pathogens or even to the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The present study was aimed at isolating and characterizing endophytic strains from the root system of Hyptis marrubioides. Coarse and fine root fragments were collected for diaphanization and surface disinfection to isolate endophytes. After 10 days of incubation, we obtained the colonization rate (CR) of the fragments and the endophytic were purified and maintained in culture medium. The bacteria were partially characterized using Gram stain and a catalase test. Fungi were identified by distinguishing between reproductive structures using a microculture technique. While observing diaphanized root fragments, we found arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi in the fine and coarse roots of H. marrubioides. The endophytic CR was more significant in coarse root fragments. In both types of roots, the percentage of bacteria was higher than the percentage of fungi. Gram positive and catalase-positive bacteria accounted for the majority of bacterial isolates, which were predominantly bacilli. Of all the fungal isolates, the majority had sporulating mycelium, which mainly consisted of fungi from the genus Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Papulaspora.Keywords: Bacteria, fungus, Lamiaceae, root syste

EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NO CAMPO: O ATENDIMENTO EM UM MUNICÍPIO DE MINAS GERAIS-BRASIL

In Brazil Children’s Education in the country-side is designed as a right of the child and the family. However, studies about the actual schooling, which can support public policies, are scarce. The paper presents and discusses data from a qualitative survey, conducted in 13 rural schools in a municipality of Minas Gerais, Brazil, aimed at investigating Children’s Schooling through interviews with management. Data were analyzed qualitatively and systemized in the main themes: 1) physical structure and functioning of the institutions; 2) family characteristics and relationship with the schools; 3) teacher training. Through the study we identified the existence of unmet demand by families for day-care centers and pre-schools; inequalities in the supply, which is more restricted for children age 0-3; and precariousness related to the school structure and teacher training. Elements to be considered for improvement of schooling were detected.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v26i2.3468En Brasil, la Educación Infantil en el campo se concibe como un derecho del niño y la familia. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre las asistencias existentes y que puedan subsidiar políticas públicas. El artículo presenta y analiza los datos de una encuesta cualitativa, realizada en 13 escuelas rurales de un municipio de Minas Gerais, Brasil, cuyo objetivo fue investigar, a través de entrevistas con administradores, el atendimiento de la Educación Infantil. Los datos fueron analizados cualitativamente y sistematizados en los ejes temáticos: 1) estructura física y el funcionamiento de las instituciones; 2) las características de las familias y las relaciones con las escuelas; 3) la formación del profesorado. Con el estudio, se ha identificado la existencia de una demanda no atendida de familias por centros de atención a la primera infancia (guarderías) y preescolares; desigualdades en la oferta, siendo ésta más restricta para niños de 0-3 años; y precariedades relacionadas con la estructura escolar y la formación docente. Fueron evidenciados elementos a ser considerados para la mejora de la atención.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v26i2.3468No Brasil, a Educação Infantil no campo é concebida como direito da criança e da família. No entanto, são escassos os estudos sobre os atendimentos existentes e que possam subsidiar políticas públicas. O artigo apresenta e discute dados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em 13 escolas rurais de um município de Minas Gerais-Brasil, cujo objetivo foi investigar, por meio de entrevistas com gestoras, o atendimento da Educação Infantil. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente e sistematizados nos eixos temáticos: 1) estrutura física e funcionamento das instituições; 2) características das famílias e relações com as escolas; 3) formação dos professores. Com o estudo, identificou-se a existência de demanda não atendida de famílias por creches e pré-escolas; desigualdades na oferta, sendo esta mais restrita para crianças de 0 a 3 anos; e precariedades relacionadas com a estrutura escolar e formação docente. Foram evidenciados elementos a serem considerados para melhoria do atendimento.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v26i2.346

Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Potential of Smoke Crack Cocaine on the Epithelium of the Human Oral Mucosa

Crack cocaine is an illicit drug derived from cocaine. It can produce some damages to the lungs and oral cavity. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of micronuclei and some nuclear alterations in epithelial cells of crack cocaine users. Methods: Oral smears were collected from clinically normal-appearing buccal mucosa exfoliative cytology of 30 individuals (15 crack cocaine users and 15 controls). Results: Crack cocaine users consumed about 3.8 grams per day and the time consumption of the drug was of 6.4 (+3.3) years. The prevalence of micronuclei, binucleated cells, broken egg cells, budding cells, picnosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis was determined. The frequencies of micronuclei for case and control groups were, respectively, 2.87 + 3.46 and 0.57 + 1.6 (p=0.018). No statistical difference was observed for binucleated cells, broken egg cells, budding cells, picnosis, and karyolysis. The frequency of karyorrhexis was significantly increased on crack cocaine users than controls (54.07 + 38.58 and 24.87 + 23.97, p=0.001). Conclusion: Smoke crack might have a cytotoxic and genotoxic effects to the oral mucosa due to increased frequency of micronuclei and karyorrhexis. Thus, individuals who used crack cocaine in the long term need to be frequently examined in order to prevent neoplastic transformation.Keywords: Crack Cocaine; Micronucleus Tests; Mouth Mucosa; Cytological Techniques; Carcinogens

TRANSTORNO ALIMENTAR E OBJETIFICAÇÃO FEMININA: UM RESULTADO DAS RELAÇÕES DE PODER?

The objectification of the female body is a concept that has gained increasing visibility in discussions about chauvinism, being a concept that refers to the trivialization of the image of women, so that the appearance is put in evidence at the expense of all the attributes that define them as human beings, leading to the imposition of standards on how they should look and act. This study addresses different conceptions about the female body and the subjectivity of women from the perspective of patriarchy, seeks to discuss the influence of patriarchal culture in relation to gender roles and relationships of dominator and dominated, and discusses how this information crosses women’s body health and health mental. This study sought to identify and characterize female objectification through feminist literature and to investigate the effects of objectification on the body self-perception of women who developed eating disorders, shedding light on the contribution of Gestalt-therapy in the female emancipation process. Considering that many women do not see themselves as beautiful, it is important to highlight the contribution of this study to Psychology, concerning to the possibility of this science provides to women perception of new ways of existing, freeing them from the psychological suffering that power relations and dominance can cause. It is worth highlighting the importance of other professionals, not only in the health areas, being aware of the dangers of imposing beauty standards, in order to contribute to healthy and positive interventions with women.A objetificação do corpo feminino é um conceito que tem ganhado cada vez mais visibilidade nas discussões sobre o machismo, sendo um conceito que se refere à banalização da imagem das mulheres, de maneira que a aparência é colocada em evidência em detrimento de todos os atributos que as definem enquanto seres humanos, levando à imposição de padrões sobre como devem aparentar e agir. Este estudo aborda diferentes concepções a respeito do corpo feminino e da subjetividade das mulheres sob a ótica do patriarcado, buscando discutir sobre as relações entre a cultura patriarcal,os papéis de gênero e o sistema  de dominação, para compreender os termos pelos quais   atravessam a saúde mental e corporal das mulheres. Dessa forma, este estudo procurou identificar e caracterizar a objetificação feminina por meio da literatura feminista e investigar os efeitos da objetificação sobre a autopercepção corporal de mulheres que desenvolveram transtornos alimentares, trazendo luz sobre a contribuição da Gestalt-terapia no processo de emancipação feminino. Considerando que muitas mulheres não se veem bonitas, cumpre destacar a contribuição do estudo para a Psicologia no que diz respeito à possibilidade de esta ciência proporcionar às mulheres a percepção de novas formas de existir, libertando-as do sofrimento psíquico que as relações de poder e de domínio podem causar. Vale destacar a importância de os demais profissionais, não somente das áreas da saúde, estarem atentos aos perigos da imposição dos padrões de beleza, a fim de contribuírem para intervenções saudáveis e positivas junto às mulheres. &nbsp

Graphene-Based Coating to Mitigate Biofilm Development in Marine Environments

Due to its several economic and ecological consequences, biofouling is a widely recognized concern in the marine sector. The search for non-biocide-release antifouling coatings has been on the rise, with carbon-nanocoated surfaces showing promising activity. This work aimed to study the impact of pristine graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on biofilm development through the representative marine bacteria Cobetia marina and to investigate the antibacterial mechanisms of action of this material. For this purpose, a flow cytometric analysis was performed and a GNP/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface containing 5 wt% GNP (G5/PDMS) was produced, characterized, and assessed regarding its biofilm mitigation potential over 42 days in controlled hydrodynamic conditions that mimic marine environments. Flow cytometry revealed membrane damage, greater metabolic activity, and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by C. marina when exposed to GNP 5% (w/v) for 24 h. In addition, C. marina biofilms formed on G5/PDMS showed consistently lower cell count and thickness (up to 43% reductions) than PDMS. Biofilm architecture analysis indicated that mature biofilms developed on the graphene-based surface had fewer empty spaces (34% reduction) and reduced biovolume (25% reduction) compared to PDMS. Overall, the GNP-based surface inhibited C. marina biofilm development, showing promising potential as a marine antifouling coating

ANÁLISE DE UMA ENCOSTA EM ÁREA DE RISCO NO BAIRRO DE AGUAZINHA - OLINDA/PE

The municipality of Olinda - PE is characterized by its relief with a high concentration of slopes, and the surroundings of these slopes in some neighborhoods, such as Aguazinha and Sapucaia, are considered to be at risk. The temporal analysis of the territorial occupation of a risk area in the neighborhood of Aguazinha - Olinda was performed based on the georeferencing of orthophotocards, orthoimages and satellite images for the years 1975, 1986, 2009 and 2018. The study area was analyzed in terms of natural soil, vegetation and urban stain. The temporal analysis of land use showed that the urban area increased by 73.12% and the area of vegetation decreased by 54.44%, as well as the area of exposed soil, which decreased by 18.67%. Research has shown that unplanned occupation combined with natural risk factors inherent in the soils present on the slopes poses great risks to the population and can compromise the functioning of the community.O município de Olinda - PE tem como característica marcante o seu relevo com alta concentração de encostas, sendo, o entorno dessas encostas, em alguns bairros, como os de aguazinha e sapucaia, considerados como área de risco. A análise temporal da ocupação territorial de uma área de risco no bairro de Aguazinha – Olinda foi realizada a partir do georreferenciamento de ortofotocartas, ortoimagens e imagens de satélite para os anos de 1975, 1986, 2009 e 2018. Foi analisada a área de estudo em termos de solo natural, vegetação e mancha urbana. A análise temporal de uso do solo demonstrou que a área de mancha urbana cresceu em 73,12% e a área de vegetação diminui em 54,44%, assim como a área de solo exposto, que diminuiu em 18,67%. A pesquisa mostrou que a ocupação não planejada aliada aos fatores naturais de risco inerentes aos solos presentes nas encostas traz grandes riscos a população e pode comprometer o funcionamento da comunidade

ANÁLISE DE UMA ENCOSTA EM ÁREA DE RISCO NO BAIRRO DE AGUAZINHA - OLINDA/PE

The municipality of Olinda - PE is characterized by its relief with a high concentration of slopes, and the surroundings of these slopes in some neighborhoods, such as Aguazinha and Sapucaia, are considered to be at risk. The temporal analysis of the territorial occupation of a risk area in the neighborhood of Aguazinha - Olinda was performed based on the georeferencing of orthophotocards, orthoimages and satellite images for the years 1975, 1986, 2009 and 2018. The study area was analyzed in terms of natural soil, vegetation and urban stain. The temporal analysis of land use showed that the urban area increased by 73.12% and the area of vegetation decreased by 54.44%, as well as the area of exposed soil, which decreased by 18.67%. Research has shown that unplanned occupation combined with natural risk factors inherent in the soils present on the slopes poses great risks to the population and can compromise the functioning of the community.O município de Olinda - PE tem como característica marcante o seu relevo com alta concentração de encostas, sendo, o entorno dessas encostas, em alguns bairros, como os de aguazinha e sapucaia, considerados como área de risco. A análise temporal da ocupação territorial de uma área de risco no bairro de Aguazinha – Olinda foi realizada a partir do georreferenciamento de ortofotocartas, ortoimagens e imagens de satélite para os anos de 1975, 1986, 2009 e 2018. Foi analisada a área de estudo em termos de solo natural, vegetação e mancha urbana. A análise temporal de uso do solo demonstrou que a área de mancha urbana cresceu em 73,12% e a área de vegetação diminui em 54,44%, assim como a área de solo exposto, que diminuiu em 18,67%. A pesquisa mostrou que a ocupação não planejada aliada aos fatores naturais de risco inerentes aos solos presentes nas encostas traz grandes riscos a população e pode comprometer o funcionamento da comunidade

Calidad de vida de portadores de insuficiencia cardíaca

OBJETIVO: Identificar o nível de qualidade de vida de portadores de insuficiência cardíaca; o grau de insuficiência cardíaca dos pacientes; a opinião dos portadores de insuficiência cardíaca quanto ao seu estado de saúde atual quanto comparada há um ano atrás. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 30 portadores de insuficiência cardíaca atendidos em ambulatório de um hospital geral e público do município de Taboão da Serra - SP. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTADOS: Os resultados do estudo permitiram identificar o nível de qualidade de vida em diferentes dimensões: aspectos físicos (08); aspectos emocionais (09); capacidade funcional (22); estado geral da saúde (34); dor (39); aspectos sociais (40); vitalidade (47) e saúde mental (53). CONCLUSÃO: Esse estudo pode contribuir para a melhora da assistência de enfermagem prestada a portadores de insuficiência cardíaca na medida em que ressalta as limitações vivenciadas por esses indivíduos, bem como o impacto dessas limitações em seu padrão de vida normal.OBJECTIVE: To identify the level of quality of life of heart failure patients; the patients' degree of heart failure; the hart failure patients' opinion on their current health status in comparison with one year earlier. METHODS: The sample was composed of 30 heart failure patients attended at an outpatient clinic of a general hospital in Taboão da Serra - SP, Brazil. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used for data collection. RESULTS: The study results permitted the identification of the level of quality of life in different dimensions: role-physical (08); role-emotional (09); physical functioning (22); general health (34); bodily pain (39); social functioning (39); vitality (47) and mental health (53). CONCLUSION: This study can contribute to improve nursing care delivery to heart failure patients to the extent that it highlights the limitations these persons experience, as well as how they influence their normal way of life.OBJETIVO: Identificar el nivel de calidad de vida de portadores de insuficiencia cardíaca; el grado de insuficiencia cardíaca de los pacientes; la opinión de los portadores de insuficiencia cardíaca en cuanto a su estado de salud actual en comparación al año anterior. MÉTODOS: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 30 portadores de insuficiencia cardíaca atendidos en consulta externa de un hospital general y público del municipio de Taboão da Serra - SP. Para la recolección de datos fue utilizado el Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTADOS: Los resultados del estudio permitieron identificar el nivel de calidad de vida en diferentes dimensiones: aspectos físicos (08); aspectos emocionales (09); capacidad funcional (22); estado general de la salud (34); dolor (39); aspectos sociales (40); vitalidad (47) y salud mental (53). CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio puede contribuir en la mejoría de la asistencia de enfermería brindada a portadores de insuficiencia cardíaca en la medida en que resalta las limitaciones vivenciadas por esos individuos, así como el impacto de esas limitaciones en su patrón de vida normal