Music Societies in the 19th Century Oporto: private spaces of amateur and professional music making

A number of private societies and clubs flourished in Oporto in the 19th Century, whose aim was to encourage in their members "benevolence relationships and good society" offering them "an honest and civilized leisure times". Clearly elitist, these nineteenth century recreational clubs had strict membership admission policies, which generally belonged to the higher echelons of society, more specifically the bourgeois, since the titled aristocracy was scarce in Oporto. It is worth mentioning here in parenthesis that Oporto was an essentially bourgeois, commercial city, unlike the capital, Lisbon, where the court "drags with it the whole official and unofficial world which conceitedly flutters around it". Each association organised musical concerts, balls and soirées musicales – weekly, twice a week or once a month – which also offered members other amusements, like conversation, reading, playing cards or dancing. Events of a musical character were normally performed by the club members, usually amateurs – referred to as dilettanti – who would be joined by prestigious Portuguese or foreign professionals. The purpose of this article is to describe the musical activity of the five main venues for private socialising in Oporto in the 1800s, and their contribution to the development of the musical taste of the city's society, taking into account both amateur and professional practice and particularly the repertoire performed

Tertúlias musicais: recordar 80 anos do Curso de Música Silva Monteiro

Mestrado em Música - Ensino VocacionalO presente projecto educativo propõe-se revisitar e compreender a história pedagógica do Curso de Música Silva Monteiro, enquadrando a sua actividade no panorama musical da cidade do Porto no séc. XX e no sistema de ensino vocacional da música em Portugal. Neste sentido, quatro antigos docentes da escola, detentores de um percurso profissional de excepção, foram convidados para protagonizarem outras tantas conversas sobre a sua trajectória profissional, partindo da sua ligação ao Curso de Música Silva Monteiro.This educational project aims to revisit and understand the pedagogical history of Silva Monteiro Music Course, framing its activities in Oporto's musical environment in the 20th century and in the Portuguese music education system. In this sense, four former Course teachers, holders of an exceptional career, were invited to be the protagonist of four conversations about his professional career, starting with their connection to the Silva Monteiro Music Course

Effect of different physical pre-treatments on physicochemical and techno-functional properties, and on the antinutritional factors of lentils (Lens culinaris spp)

Lentils have a valuable physicochemical profile, which can be affected by the presence of antinutrients that may impair the benefits arising from their consumption. Different treatments can be used to reduce these undesirable compounds, although they can also affect the general composition and behaviour of the lentils. Thus, the effect of different processing methods on the physicochemical and techno-functional properties, as well as on the antinutritional factors of different lentil varieties was studied. Phytic acid was eliminated during germination, while tannins and trypsin inhibitors are mostly affected by cooking. Functional properties were also altered by processing, these being dependent on the concentration of different nutrients in lentils. All the studied treatments affected the physicochemical profile of lentils and their functional properties. Cooking and germination appear to be the most effective in reducing antinutritional factors and improving the physicochemical profile of the lentils, meeting the current nutritional demands of today's society.This work was supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO, UIDB/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00690/20 20) and UIDP/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020). The authors are also grateful to the national funding by FCT and PI in the form of the institutional scientific employment program for the contracts of L Barros and ˆA Fernandes, and the PhD fellowship (2021.04585.BD) of ˆA Liberal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fighting Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Innovations in Food Fortificants and Biofortification Strategies

[EN] Iron deficiency remains one of the main nutritional disorders worldwide and low iron intake and/or bioavailability are currently the major causes of anemia. To fight this public health problem, the scientific challenge is to find an iron form with sufficient bioavailability to increase its levels in humans through food fortification. In turn, biofortification appears as a comparatively advantageous and bearable strategy for the delivery of vitamins and other micronutrients for people without access to a healthy and diverse diet. This approach relies on plant breeding, transgenic techniques, or agronomic practices to obtain a final food product with a higher iron content. It is also known that certain food constituents are able to favor or inhibit iron absorption. The management of these compounds can thus successfully improve the absorption of dietary iron and, ultimately, contribute to fight this disorder present all over the world. This review describes the main causes/manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia, forms of disease prevention and treatment, and the importance of a balanced and preventive diet. A special focus was given to innovative food fortification and biofortification procedures used to improve the iron content in staple food crops

Phytochemical and antioxidant profile of pardina lentil cultivars from different regions of Spain

Lentils (Lens culinaris spp.) are an important food consumed worldwide given their high protein, fiber, mineral, and phytochemical contents, and can be used as a potential source of good nutrition for many people. With the purpose of valuing the Pardina variety, the quality brand from a protected geographical indication “Lenteja de Tierra de Campos”, a full assessment of the nutritional, chemical, and antioxidant properties of 34 samples from this variety was carried out. Besides its actual rich nutritional profile, three phenolic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detection-mass (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) were identified (kaempferol derivatives) with slight differences between them in all extracts. Sucrose by high-performance liquid chromatography with a refraction index detector (HPLC-RI) and citric acid by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector (UFLC-PDA) were the major identified sugar and organic acid components, respectively, as well as α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol isoforms (HPLC-fluorescence). Additionally, all the extracts presented excellent antioxidant activity by the oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay (OxHLIA/TBARS). Briefly, Pardina lentils from this quality brand are a good source of nutritional and chemical components and should therefore be included in a balanced diet.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). National funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros, A. Fernandes, M.I. Dias, and J. Pinela’s contracts. Vivar-Quintana is also grateful for the University of Salamanca’s support for researcher mobility and the Regulatory Council of the IGP Tierra de Campos for the lentil samples.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A dataset of cetacean occurrences in the Eastern North Atlantic

The CETUS project is a cetacean monitoring program that takes advantage of cargo ships to undertake survey routes between Continental Portugal, Macaronesian archipelagos and West Africa. From 2012 to 2017, over 50 volunteers participated in the program, actively surveying more than 124.000 km, mostly beyond national jurisdictions in the high seas, for which little or no previous data existed. In total, the collection comprises 3058 georeferenced transect lines and 8913 positions, which are associated with 2833 cetacean sightings, 362 occurrences of other pelagic megafauna, 5260 estimates of marine traffic and 8887 weather observations. This dataset may provide new insights into the distribution of marine mammals in the Eastern North Atlantic and was published following the OBIS-ENV-DATA format (with the most recent biodiversity data standards at the time of writing). Consequently, it may serve as a model for similar visual line transect data collections yet to be published.Portuguese national funding agency for science, research and technology (FCT) /BD/100606/2014info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Chemical and bioactive characterization of spanish and belgian apple pomace for its potential use as a novel dermocosmetic formulation

Currently, there is a general trend towards reutilizing industrial by-products that would otherwise be discarded or considered as waste, aiming to explore them as alternative sources of valuable compounds. The apple pomace remaining from cider and apple juice industries represents a high-potential source of bioactive compounds with putative application in food or pharmaceuticalrelated products. Accordingly, the work reported herein was conducted to characterize the phenolic compounds in apple pomace from Belgium and Spain, as well as to evaluate its chemical composition and particular types of bioactivity. As a proof of concept, a new hydrogel was prepared, incorporated with the bioactive compounds and pectin extracted from apple pomace, aiming to obtain the most organic formulation possible. Independently of the extracting agent, it became evident that using lyophilization as the drying step is a better choice than thermal processes as it yielded a richer phenolic profile (fifteen individual compounds), with 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid as the major compound (66 to 114 mg/100 g dw) in Belgian samples. In general, the hydroethanolic extracts showed the strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial (particularly against Propionibacterium acnes: MIC = 2.5 mg/mL) activities. This result, together with the lipid nature of human skin, led it to be chosen as the extract type to be incorporated in the hydrogel. In general, apple pomace stood out as a valuable source of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols and pectin, with good potential to be incorporated in dermal formulations.This research was funded by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) through national funds to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020), the institutional scientific employment program contract for L. Barros and M.I. Dias and through the individual scientific employment program contract for J. Barreira. Research was also funded by the FEDER Interreg España–Portugal program through the project TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P and by the ERDF through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247- FEDER-024479: ValorNatural® and Project GreenHealth-Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antibiofilm potential of medicinal plants against Candida spp. oral biofilms: a review

The use of natural products to promote health is as old as human civilization. In recent years, the perception of natural products derived from plants as abundant sources of biologically active compounds has driven their exploitation towards the search for new chemical products that can lead to further pharmaceutical formulations. Candida fungi, being opportunistic pathogens, increase their virulence by acquiring resistance to conventional antimicrobials, triggering diseases, especially in immunosuppressed hosts. They are also pointed to as the main pathogens responsible for most fungal infections of the oral cavity. This increased resistance to conventional synthetic antimicrobials has driven the search for new molecules present in plant extracts, which have been widely explored as alternative agents in the prevention and treatment of infections. This review aims to provide a critical view and scope of the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of several medicinal plants, revealing species with inhibition/reduction effects on the biofilm formed by Candida spp. in the oral cavity. The most promising plant extracts in fighting oral biofilm, given their high capacity to reduce it to low concentrations were the essential oils extracted from Allium sativum L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from the project “AquaValor—Centro de Valorização e Transferência de Tecnologia da Água” (NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053), supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The authors are also grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); and L. Barros is grateful for her contract through the institutional scientific employment program-contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Compositional features and biological activities of wild and commercial Moringa oleifera leaves from Guinea-Bissau

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a nutraceutical edible plant used to fight malnutrition in developing countries. This investigation describes the nutritional, chemical and bioactive assets of wild and commercially acquired M. oleifera leaves from Guinea-Bissau. Both samples presented significant differences in the contents of almost all the analysed parameters. Carbohydrates and proteins were the major constituents of the leaves, which also showed an interesting profile of tocopherols, organic acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and phenolic compounds. The infused extract of the commercial leaf sample was more effective than other preparations against lipid peroxidation and oxidative haemolysis. In turn, higher antibacterial activity was achieved with hydroethanolic and infused extracts of the wild sample, which extracts also displayed superior antifungal activity. Overall, the commercially acquired M. oleifera leaves stand out with better quality profiles than the wild collected, which aroused interest in studying the processing methods used locally to process this functional food.The authors are thankful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and to the Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) (UIDB/00329/2020). National funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for the contracts of A. Fernandes and L. Barros, and through the individual scientific employment programcontract for the contract of J. Pinela (CEECIND/01011/2018). To the grants of A. Liberal (through the INTERNOVAMARKET-FOOD project) and A. Bancessi (SFRH/BD/135356/2017). This work was funded by FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme through the projects 0377_Iberphenol_6_E and TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P, and also by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia (451-03-68/2020-14/200007).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Differential Phanerozoic evolution of cratonic and non-cratonic lithosphere from a thermochronological perspective : São Francisco Craton and marginal orogens (Brazil)

The Sao Francisco Craton (SFC) and its marginal Aracuai and Brasilia orogens exhibit a significant diversity in their lithospheric architecture. These orogens were shaped during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian amalgamation of West Gondwana. The rigid cratonic lithosphere of the SFC and the relatively weak lithosphere of the Aracuai Orogen were disrupted during the Cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, whereas the Brasilia Orogen remained in the continental hinterland. In earlier research, the thermal effects of the Phanerozoic reactivations in the shallow crust of the Aracuai Orogen have been revealed by low-temperature thermochronology, mainly by apatite fission track (AFT) analysis. However, analyses from the continental interior are scarce. Here we present new AFT data from forty-three samples from the Brasilia Orogen, the SFC and the Aracuai Orogen, far from the passive margin of the Atlantic coast (similar to 150 to 800 km). Three main periods of basement exhumation were identified: (i) Paleozoic, recorded both by samples from the SFC and Brasilia Orogen; (ii) Early Cretaceous to Cenomanian, recorded by samples from the Aracuai Orogen; and (iii) Late Cretaceous to Paleocene, inferred in samples from all domains. We compare the differential exhumation pattern of the different geotectonic provinces with their lithospheric strengths. We suggest that the SFC likely concentrated the Meso- Cenozoic reactivations in narrow weak zones while the Aracuai Orogen displayed a far-reachingMeso-Cenozoic deformation. The Brasilia Orogen seems to be an example of a stronger orogenic lithosphere, inhibiting reworking, confirmed by our new AFT data. Understanding the role of the lithosphere rigidity may be decisive to comprehend the processes of differential denudation and the tectonic-morphological evolution over Phanerozoic events. (C) 2021 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved