The worldwide C3S CORDEX grand ensemble: A major contribution to assess regional climate change in the IPCC AR6 Atlas

peer reviewedAbstract The collaboration between the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) and the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) provides open access to an unprecedented ensemble of Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulations, across the 14 CORDEX continental-scale domains, with global coverage. These simulations have been used as a new line of evidence to assess regional climate projections in the latest contribution of the Working Group I (WGI) to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), particularly in the regional chapters and the Atlas. Here, we present the work done in the framework of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) to assemble a consistent worldwide CORDEX grand ensemble, aligned with the deadlines and activities of IPCC AR6. This work addressed the uneven and heterogeneous availability of CORDEX ESGF data by supporting publication in CORDEX domains with few archived simulations and performing quality control. It also addressed the lack of comprehensive documentation by compiling information from all contributing regional models, allowing for an informed use of data. In addition to presenting the worldwide CORDEX dataset, we assess here its consistency for precipitation and temperature by comparing climate change signals in regions with overlapping CORDEX domains, obtaining overall coincident regional climate change signals. The C3S CORDEX dataset has been used for the assessment of regional climate change in the IPCC AR6 (and for the interactive Atlas) and is available through the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS)

Modélisation environnementale sous contraintes climatiques (approches statistiques pour le pergélisol et la végétation)

L environnement répond à des processus physiques et biologiques encore mal identifiés et intiment liés à une échelle locale. La modélisation de variables environnementales, nécessaires à de nombreuses études d impact, requiert alors des approches flexibles tenant compte de facteurs locaux qui sont au moins aussi importants que les facteurs climatiques. Aborder cette modélisation sous l angle des statistiques a permis d estimer un lien statistique entre climat et environnement, lien qui forme l objectif de ma thèse. Ce lien peut relier petite(s) et grande(s) échelles spatiales pour évaluer rapidement la capacité de plusieurs modèles climatiques à représenter un ensemble de variables environnementales. La modélisation à haute résolution d une variable aussi spatialement hétérogène que le pergélisol a permis une meilleure interprétation et une meilleure évaluation des résultats. Ce lien statistique peut également reformuler une certaine physique environnementale tenant compte du climat mais également d'informations de différentes natures (e.g., continentalité). Les statistiques autorisent par exemple la modélisation de la complexité d une variable environnementale telle que la végétation, qui est délicate à représenter par des approches dynamiques. L utilisation d un modèle statistique adapté à l étude de la végétation a conduit à la création d une nouvelle base de données globale pour la végétation potentielle actuelle et ouvre de nombreuses perspectives pour une utilisation paléoclimatique.The environment depends on physical and biological processes that are still poorly understood and intimately related to a local scale. There is a need to model environmental variables in many impact studies. Environmental modelling requires flexible approaches taking into account local factors that are at least as important as climate factors. From the standpoint of statistics, this thesis aim was to estimate a statistical link between climate and environment. This relationship can associate local and large spatial scales to quickly assess the ability of several climate models to represent environmental variables. High resolution modelling of a spatially heterogeneous variable such as permafrost allowed a better interpretation and a better evaluation of the results. Such a statistical link can also reformulate some environmental physics taking climatic signal and various types of information (e.g., continentality) into account. Statistics allow for example to model the complexity of an environmental variable such as vegetation, which is difficult to represent by dynamical approaches. Using a statistical model adapted to the study of vegetation led us to provide a new global database of the potential vegetation and to entail many prospects in paleoclimatology.VERSAILLES-BU Sciences et IUT (786462101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Intérêt, rôle et limites du test de Ruffier Dickson à partir de l'étude de 173 sportifs

Le test de RUFFIER DICKSON est utilisé par les praticiens dans le cadre des certificats de non contre-indication à la pratique sportive. C'est un test à caractère médicolégal dans la mesure où les fédérations sportives l'incluent dans leur visite d'aptitude. L'intérêt a souvent été remis en question devant sa faible intensité, la variabilité des fréquences cardiaques et les résultats discordants retrouvés entre l'indice et la capacité réelle du sujet. Cette étude compare les tests de différents groupes de sujets (enfants sportifs, sportifs de haut niveau, coureurs à pied amateurs et sédentaires). Elle précise les besoins énergétiques nécessaires à sa réalisation (fréquence cardiaque, consommation d'oxygène et épreuve triangulaire sur tapis roulant). Le but de ce travail est d'interpréter les fréquences cardiaques recueillies lors du test en fonction du sujet. La prise des fréquences cardiaques au pouls radial est imparfaite surtout chez les enfants. Une mesure au fréquencemètre cardiaque est plus juste. Chez les enfants (10-15 ans), la morphologie (poids et taille), l'âge, le sexe et l'entraînement doivent aussi être pris en considération pour l'interprétation des résultats. La fréquence élevée à la fm de flexions (P 1) contraste avec la très bonne récupération (P2). Les sportifs de haut niveau répondent au test de façon différente selon leur filière énergétique. Ainsi, la fréquence de repos (PO) est plus basse chez les sportifs endurants. Les athlètes à prédominance anaérobie ont une fréquence à la fin des flexions (P1) inférieure à celle des athlètes aérobies. En revanche, les athlètes aérobies ont une meilleure récupération (P2). Les hockeyeurs de haut niveau ont obtenus les meilleurs résultats, en effet le protocole du test se rapproche physiologiquement de leur discipline. Les coureurs à pied amateurs obtiennent un mauvais indice malgré leur bonne forme physique. La valeur de P2 est importante pour juger de leur capacité aérobie. Les sédentaires ont une fréquence de repos plus élevée que les autres sujets et une récupération mauvaise. L'étude de la récupération après les flexions (P2) permet au praticien d'avoir une opinion sur la sédentarité du sujet. Le test de RUFFIER DICKSON ne peut pas être un test d'aptitude à part entière en raison de ses trop nombreuses limites. Mais, l'étude du profil des fréquences cardiaques adaptée au sujet permet d'évaluer sa condition physique et sa filière énergétique prédominante.ROUEN-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (765402102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Contribution of proteases and cellulases produced by solid-state fermentation to the improvement of corn ethanol production

Abstract By cultivating a strain of Aspergillus tubingensis on agro-industrial by-products using solid-state fermentation technology, a biocatalyst containing more than 130 different enzymes was obtained. The enzymatic complex was composed mainly of hydrolases, among which a protease, an aspergillopepsin, accounted for more than half of the total proteins. Cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinases, cellulases and hemicellulases were also highly represented. Adding the biocatalyst to corn mash at 1 kg/T corn allowed to significantly improve ethanol production performances. The final ethanol concentration was increased by 6.8% and the kinetics was accelerated by 14 h. The aim of this study was to identify the enzymes implicated in the effect on corn ethanol production. By fractionating the biocatalyst, the particular effect of the major enzymes was investigated. Experiments revealed that, together, the protease and two cellulolytic enzymes (an endoglucanase and a β-glucosidase) were responsible for 80% of the overall effect of the biocatalyst. Nevertheless, the crude extract of the biocatalyst showed greater impact than the combination of up to seven purified enzymes, demonstrating the complementary enzymatic complex obtained by solid-state fermentation. This technology could, therefore, be a relevant natural alternative to the use of GMO-derived enzymes in the ethanol industry

Extending the global high-resolution downscaled projections dataset to include CMIP6 projections at increased resolution coherent with the ERA5-Land reanalysis

International audienceThis paper describes the extension of the previously CMIP5 based high-resolution climate projections with additional ones based on the more recent climate projections from the CMIP6 experiment. The downscaling method and data processing are the same but the reference dataset is now the ERA5-Land reanalysis (compared to ERA5 previously) allowing to increase the resolution of the new downscaled projections from 0.25° x 0.25° to 0.1°x 0.1°. The extension comprises 5 climate models and includes 2 surface variables at daily resolution: air temperature and precipitation. Three greenhouse gas emissions scenarios are available: Shared Socioeconomic Pathways with mitigation policy (SSP1-2.6), an intermediate one (SSP2-4.5), and one without mitigation (SSP5-8.5)

A high-resolution downscaled CMIP5 projections dataset of essential surface climate variables over the globe coherent with theERA5 reanalysis for climate change impact assessments

International audienceA high-resolution climate projections dataset is obtained by statistically downscaling climate projections from the CMIP5 experiment using the ERA5 reanalysis from the Copernicus Climate Change Service. This global dataset has a spatial resolution of 0.25°x 0.25°, comprises 21 climate models and includes 5 surface daily variables at monthly resolution: air temperature (mean, minimum, and maximum), precipitation, and mean near-surface wind speed. Two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios are available: one with mitigation policy (RCP4.5) and one without mitigation (RCP8.5). The downscaling method is a Quantile Mapping method (QM) called the Cumulative Distribution Function transform (CDF-t) method that was first used for wind values and is now referenced in dozens of peer-reviewed publications. The data processing includes quality control of metadata according to the climate modeling community standards and value checking for outlier detection

Coordinating an operational data distribution network for CMIP6 data

The distribution of data contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is via the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). The ESGF is a network of internationally distributed sites that together work as a federated data archive. Data records from climate modelling institutes are published to the ESGF and then shared around the world. It is anticipated that CMIP6 will produce approximately 20 PB of data to be published and distributed via the ESGF. In addition to this large volume of data a number of value-added CMIP6 services are required to interact with the ESGF; for example the citation and errata services both interact with the ESGF but are not a core part of its infrastructure. With a number of interacting services and a large volume of data anticipated for CMIP6, the CMIP Data Node Operations Team (CDNOT) was formed. The CDNOT coordinated and implemented a series of CMIP6 preparation data challenges to test all the interacting components in the ESGF CMIP6 software ecosystem. This ensured that when CMIP6 data were released they could be reliably distributed.This international collaborative work was funded through various agencies. Co-authors at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory were funded under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and co-authors at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with the US Department of Energy. European co-authors were supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 IS-ENES3 project (grant agreement no. 824084). CNRM participants were additionally funded by the French National Research Agency project CONVERGENCE (grant ANR-13-MONU-0008-02). Co-authors from NCI were supported by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS)-funded National Computational Infrastructure (NCI) Australia and the Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC).Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 38 autors: Ruth Petrie, Sébastien Denvil, Sasha Ames, Guillaume Levavasseur, Sandro Fiore, Chris Allen, Fabrizio Antonio, Katharina Berger, Pierre-Antoine Bretonnière, Luca Cinquini, Eli Dart, Prashanth Dwarakanath, Kelsey Druken, Ben Evans, Laurent Franchistéguy, Sébastien Gardoll, Eric Gerbier, Mark Greenslade, David Hassell, Alan Iwi, Martin Juckes, Stephan Kindermann, Lukasz Lacinski, Maria Mirto, Atef Ben Nasser, Paola Nassisi, Eric Nienhouse, Sergey Nikonov, Alessandra Nuzzo, Clare Richards, Syazwan Ridzwan, Michel Rixen, Kim Serradell, Kate Snow, Ag Stephens, Martina Stockhause, Hans Vahlenkamp, and Rick Wagner"Postprint (published version

Latombe et al. scripts and data

Code and data for the downscaling of a paleoclimatic model. Latombet et al

Exploring the impact of climate variability during the Last Glacial Maximum on the pattern of human occupation of Iberia

International audienc