Partial Replacement of omega-6 Fatty Acids With Medium-Chain Triglycerides, but Not Olive Oil, Improves Colon Cytokine Response and Damage in Experimental Colitis

Background: Soybean oil is rich in omega-6 fatty acids, which are associated with higher incidence and more severe cases of inflammatory bowel diseases. The authors evaluated whether partial replacement of soybean oil by medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) or olive oil influenced the incidence and severity of experimental ulcerative colitis by using different parenteral lipid emulsions (LEs). Methods: Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomized to receive parenteral infusion of the following LE: 100% soybean oil (SO), 50% MCT mixed with 50% soybean oil (MCT/SO), 80% olive oil mixed with 20% soybean oil (OO/SO), or saline (CC). After 72 hours of infusion, acetic acid experimental colitis was induced. After 24 hours, colon histology and cytokine expression were analyzed. Results: SO was not significantly associated with overall tissue damage. MCT/SO was not associated with necrosis (P < .005), whereas OO/SO had higher frequencies of ulcer and necrosis (P < .005). SO was associated with increased expression of interferon-gamma (P = .005) and OO/SO with increased interleukin (IL)-6 and decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression (P < .05). MCT/SO appeared to decrease IL-1 (P < .05) and increase IL-4 (P < .001) expression. Conclusions: Parenteral SO with high concentration of omega-6 fatty acids was not associated with greater tissue damage in experimental colitis. SO partial replacement with MCT/SO decreased the frequency of histological necrosis and favorably modulated cytokine expression in the colon; however, replacement with OO/SO had unfavorable effects. (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012; 36: 442-448)National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoNational Council of Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [CNPq] [140925/00-7]Sao Paulo State Research Support Foundation (Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [Fapesp], Brazil [97/07971-70]Sao Paulo State Research Support Foundation (Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo , Brazi

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

OS EFEITOS DOS EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS NA CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DE PACIENTES SUBMETIDAS À MASTECTOMIA: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA

O câncer de mama é uma doença estigmatizada que amedronta as mulheres.  A cirurgia de câncer de mama está ligada a alterações, sequelas e complicações em até 70% das mulheres acometidas, afetando sua qualidade de vida, apresentando após a cirurgia dificuldades em realizar suas atividades de vida diária. Na tentativa de minimizar os agravos físicos, psicológicos e sociais pós tratamento do câncer existem várias práticas complementares e auxiliares ao tratamento do câncer, dentre essas enfatizamos a prática da atividade física que repercute em benefícios diretos, aumentando a capacidade funcional. Este estudo visou abordar a importância do exercício físico em pacientes com câncer de mama que realizaram mastectomia e demonstrar seus benefícios. Realizou-se revisão de literatura através de bases de dados eletrônicas Lilacs, PEDro, Scielo, Bireme e PubMed. Vários estudos comprovam a importância do exercício para a melhora da capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida e salientam que para que apresentem o efeito desejado deve ser realizado de forma regular e constante e com acompanhamento profissional. Alguns autores citam fatores que dificultam a realização dos exercícios para estas pacientes, como a falta de tempo, efeitos colaterais do tratamento, desanimo, entre outros. Essa revisão concluiu que os exercícios físicos quando realizados de maneira correta e acompanhados de um profissional conferiram efeitos positivos aos pacientes abordados, mas, no entanto, ainda não fazem parte da rotina de muitos pacientes, justificando a necessidade de divulgação e maiores estudos sobre o tema

Actas del X Encuentro argentino de ciclo de vida y del IX Encuentro de la Red Argentina de Huella Hídrica: ENARCIV 2022

Los resultados del encuentro ENARCIV 2022 reflejados en este libro constituyen un fuerte avance de un grupo grande de profesionales que se viene reuniendo y trabajando coordinadamente desde hace varios años en establecer las huellas ambientales de los diferentes procesos empleados en nuestro país, compartiendo metodologías y aplicando normas estandarizadas en nuestros trabajos. Las Actas del ENARCIV 2022, es una obra que compila los aportes de muchos expertos distribuidos en todo el país.EEA ManfrediFil: Bongiovanni, Rodolfo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Tuninetti, Leticia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); Argentina.Fil: Nardi, Noelia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Angelelli, Melina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); Argentina.Fil: Barrera, Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); Argentina.Fil: Burroni, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); Argentina.Fil: Lirio, Leda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); Argentina

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Driving Behavior Survey (DBS)

BACKGROUND: Fear of driving has been recognized as a complex diagnostic entity. For this reason, the use of psychometric instruments is fundamental to advancing research in this area. Psychometric instruments are also necessary for clinical care, as they can help conceptualize the disorder and plan adequate treatment. OBJECTIVE: To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of a Brazilian version of the Driving Behavior Survey (DBS). Methods: The process consisted of: 1) two translations and back-translations carried out by independent evaluators; 2) development of a brief version by four bilingual experts in mental health; 3) experimental application; and 4) investigation of operational equivalence. RESULTS: The adaptation process is described and a final Brazilian version of the DBS is presented. CONCLUSION: A new instrument is now available to assess the driving behaviors of the Brazilian population, facilitating research in this field

Edwardsiella tarda outbreak affecting fishes and aquatic birds in Brazil

Background: Edwardsiella tarda infections are frequent causes of severe outbreaks in the fish farming industry besides representing possible zoonotic risks. However, naturally occurring outbreaks that affect various species besides fishes are seldom described. Aim: To report an outbreak of acute mortality caused by E. tarda affecting multiple species that inhabited a natural pond in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Materials and methods: Three adult tilapias, three Mallard ducks and one Snow egret were necropsied and subjected to further microbiological tests. Gross and microscopic lesions were documented. The antibiotic susceptibility and phylogenetic similarities among fish and avian strains were also determined. The E. tarda species was confirmed through MALDI-TOF, partial sodB sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Macroscopical findings between the three species included intestinal dilatation, mucosal hyperaemia and mucous to liquid contents. Common histopathology findings included acute enteritis, increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes with bacteria adhered to the intestinal epithelium and lymphoid depletion in the spleen. E. tarda was isolated from several organs from all affected species. The phylogeny employing amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) of eleven strains revealed high similarity (>90%) among the isolates regardless of the affected species or sampled organs. Ten isolates of E. tarda showed susceptibility to all tested antibiotics. Conclusions: E. tarda was identified as the cause of death of the species examined. Further studies would be necessary to determine the virulence of these strains and the possible risks regarding public health