Development of safety performance functions for Spanish two-lane rural highways on flat terrain

[EN] Over decades safety performance functions (SPF) have been developed as a tool for traffic safety in order to estimate the number of crashes in a specific road section. Despite the steady progression of methodological innovations in the crash analysis field, many fundamental issues have not been completely addressed. For instance: Is it better to use parsimonious or fully specified models? How should the goodness-of-fit of the models be assessed? Is it better to use a general model for the entire sample or specific models based on sample stratifications? This paper investigates the above issues by means of several SPFs developed using negative binomial regression models for two-lane rural highways in Spain. The models were based on crash data gathered over a 5-year period, using a broad number of explanatory variables related to exposure, geometry, design consistency and roadside features. Results show that the principle of parsimony could be too restrictive and that it provided simplistic models. Most previous studies apply conventional measurements (i.e., R-2, BIC, AIC, etc.) to assess the goodness-of-fit of models. Seldom do studies apply cumulative residual (CURE) analysis as a tool for model evaluation. This paper shows that CURE plots are essential tools for calibrating SPF, while also providing information for possible sample stratification. Previous authors suggest that sample segmentation increases the model accuracy. The results presented here confirm that finding, and show that the number of significant variables in the final models increases with sample stratification. This paper point out that fully models based on sample segmentation and on CURE may provide more useful insights about traffic crashes than general parsimonious models when developing SPF. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors would like to thank the ERDF of the European Union for financial support via project "Bases para un sistema experto que permita la identificacion probabilistica de Tramos de Concentracion de Crashes (TCA)" under the "Programa Operativo FEDER de Andalucia 2007-2013". We also thank the Public Works Agency and the Regional Ministry of Public Works and Housing of the Regional Government of Andalusia. Griselda Lopez wishes to express her acknowledgement of the regional ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science of the regional government of Andalusia (Spain) for their scholarship to train teachers and researchers in Deficit Areas.Garach, L.; De Oña, J.; López-Maldonado, G.; Baena-Ruiz, L. (2016). Development of safety performance functions for Spanish two-lane rural highways on flat terrain. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 95:250-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2016.07.021S2502659

Data-driven mapping of hourly wind speed and its potential energy resources: A sensitivity analysis

Renewable energies play a significant role to mitigate the impacts of climate change. In countries like Spain, there is a significant potential of wind energy production which might be a key resource. In this research, we obtain wind power at 80 meters height and wind turbine energy (assuming a specific turbine). To achieve this objective we produce an optimal mapping of the hourly “instantaneous surface wind speed” (height 10 m), based on the available data. An extensive region (Granada Province, south Spain) is studied with a spatial resolution of 300 m, during a long period (1996-2016). It allows us to assess the intra- and inter-daily variability of wind energy resources. Several interpolation approaches are tested and a cross validation experiment is applied to identify the optimal approach. The obtained maps were compared with the results obtained in the stations with two common frequency distributions (Rayleigh and Weibull). This is the first time that this sensitivity integrated analysis is performed over an extensive region (12600 km2) for a long time period (20 years) at fine spatiotemporal resolution (300 m, hourly scale). The results can be very valuable for a preliminary analysis of potential optimal location of wind energies facilities

Global Assessment of Seawater Intrusion Problems (Status and Vulnerability)

In this research paper we propose a novel method to perform an integrated analysis of the status and vulnerability of coastal aquifers to seawater intrusion (SWI). The method is based on a conceptual approach of intrusion that allows to summarised results in a visual way at different spatial scales, moving from steady pictures (corresponding to instantaneous or mean values in a period) including maps and 2D conceptual crosssections and temporal series of lumped indices. Our aim is to help in the identification of coastal groundwater bodies at risk of not achieving good chemical status according to the Water Framework Directive. The indices are obtained from available information about aquifer geometry and historical monitoring data (chloride concentration and hydraulic head data). This method may be applied even in cases where a reduced number of data are available. It does not require complex modelling and has been implemented in a GIS tool that encourages its use in other cases. Analysis of the evolution of historical time series of these indices can be used to assess resilience and trends with respect to SWI problems. This method can be also useful to compare intrusion problems in different aquifers and temporal periods

Summarizing the impacts of future potential global change scenarios on seawater intrusion at the aquifer scale

[EN] Climate change affects rainfall and temperature producing a breakdown in the water balance and a variation in the dynamic of freshwater-seawater in coastal areas, exacerbating seawater intrusion (SWI) problems. The target of this paper is to propose a method to assess and analyze impacts of future global change (GC) scenarios on SWI at the aquifer scale in a coastal area. Some adaptation measures have been integrated in the definition of future GC scenarios incorporating complementary resources within the system in accordance with urban development planning. The proposed methodology summarizes the impacts of potential GC scenarios in terms of SWI status and vulnerability at the aquifer scale through steady pictures (maps and conceptual 2D cross sections for specific dates or statistics of a period) and time series for lumped indices. It is applied to the Plana de Oropesa-Torreblanca aquifer. The results summarize the influence of GC scenarios in the global status and vulnerability to SWI under some management scenarios. These GC scenarios would produce higher variability of SWI status and vulnerability.This work has been partially supported by the GeoE.171.008-TACTIC and GeoE.171.008-HOVER projects from GeoERA organization funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program; Plan de Garantia Juvenil from MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad), co-inancing by BEI (Banco Europeo de Inversiones) and FSE (Fondo Social Europeo); and SIGLO-AN (RTI2018-101397-B-I00) project from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad). The authors also thank AEMET and UC for the data provided for this work (Spain02 dataset, https://www.meteo.unican.es/datasets/spain02).Baena-Ruiz, L.; Pulido-Velázquez, D.; Collados-Lara, A.; Renau-Pruñonosa, A.; Morell, I.; Senent-Aparicio, J.; Llopis-Albert, C. (2020). Summarizing the impacts of future potential global change scenarios on seawater intrusion at the aquifer scale. Environmental Earth Sciences. 79(5):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-8847-2S113795Baena-Ruiz L, Pulido-Velazquez D, Collados-Lara AJ, Renau-Pruñonosa A, Morell I (2018) Global assessment of seawater intrusion problems (status and vulnerability). Water Resour Manage 32:2681–2700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-1952-2Benini L, Antonellini M, Laghi L (2016) Assessment of water resources availability and groundwater salinization in future climate and land use change scenarios: a case study from a coastal drainage basin in Italy. Water Resour Manage 30:731–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-1187-4Chachadi AG, Lobo-Ferreira JP (2005) Assessing aquifer vulnerability to sea-water intrusion using GALDIT method: part 2—GALDIT indicator descriptions. IAHS and LNEC. In: Proceedings of the 4th The Fourth Inter Celtic Colloquium on Hydrology and Management of Water Resources, held at Universidade do Minho, Guimarães, Portugal, July 11–13, 2005CHJ (Júcar Water Agency) (2015) Júcar River Basin Plan. Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar https://www.chj.es/es-es/medioambiente/planificacionhidrologica/Paginas/PHC-2015-2021-Plan-Hidrologico-cuenca.aspx. Accessed 21 Oct 2019Collados-Lara A-J, Pulido-Velazquez D, Pardo-Igúzquiza E (2018) An integrated statistical method to generate potential future climate scenarios to analyse droughts. Water 10:1224–1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091224CORDEX PROJECT (2013) The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment CORDEX. Program sponsored by 20 World Climate Research Program (WCRP). https://wcrp-cordex.ipsl.jussieu.fr/. Accessed 21 Oct 2019Escriva-Bou A, Pulido-Velazquez M, Pulido-Velazquez D (2017) Economic value of climate change adaptation strategies for water management in Spain’s Jucar basin. J Water Res Plan Manag 143(5):04017005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000735Feranec J, Jaffrain G, Soukup T, Hazeu G (2010) Determining changes and flows in European landscapes 1990–2000 using CORINE land cover data. Appl Geogr 30(1):19–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2009.07.003Ferguson G, Gleeson T (2012) Vulnerability of coastal aquifers to groundwater use and climate change. Nat Clim Change 2(5):342–345Giménez E, Morell I (1997) Hydrogeochemical analysis of salinization processes in the coastal aquifer of Oropesa (Castellón, Spain). Environ Geol 29(1–2):118–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050110Grundmann J, Schütze N, Schmitz GH, Al-Shaqsi S (2012) Towards an integrated arid zone water management using simulation-based optimisation. Environ Earth Sci 65(5):1381–1394Herrera S, Gutiérrez JM, Ancell R, Pons MR, Frías MD, Fernández J (2012) Development and analysis of a 50 year high-resolution daily gridded precipitation dataset over Spain (Spain02). Int J Climatol 32:74–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2256Herrera S, Fernández J, Gutiérrez JM (2016) Update of the Spain02 gridded observational dataset for euro-CORDEX evaluation: assessing the effect of the interpolation methodology. Int J Climatol 36:900–908. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4391Huang L, Zeng G, Liang J, Hua S, Yuan Y, Li X, Liu J (2017) Combined impacts of land use and climate change in the modeling of future groundwater vulnerability. J Hydrol Eng 22(7):05017007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001493Kløve B, Ala-Aho P, Bertrand G, Gurdak JJ, Kupfersberger H, Kværner J, Uvo CB (2014) Climate change impacts on groundwater and dependent ecosystems. J Hydrol 518:250–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.037Koutroulis AG, Papadimitriou LV, Grillakis MG, Tsanis IK, Wyser K, Betts RA (2018) Freshwater vulnerability under high end climate change. A pan-European assessment. Sci Total Environ 613:271–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.074Li R, Merchant JW (2013) Modeling vulnerability of groundwater to pollution under future scenarios of climate change and biofuels-related land use change: a case study in North Dakota, USA. Sci Total Environ 447:32–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.011Liu J, Rich K, Zheng C (2008) Sustainability analysis of groundwater resources in a coastal aquifer. Alabama Environ Geol 54(1):43–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0791-xLoáiciga HA, Pingel TJ, Garcia ES (2012) Sea water intrusion by sea-level rise: scenarios for the 21st century. Groundwater 50(1):37–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00800.xLuoma S, Okkonen J, Korkka-Niemi K (2017) Comparison of the AVI, modified SINTACS and GALDIT vulnerability methods under future climate-change scenarios for a shallow low-lying coastal aquifer in southern Finland. Hydrogeol J 25(1):203–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1471-2Mabrouk M, Jonoski A, Oude HP, Essink G, Uhlenbrook S (2018) Impacts of sea level rise and groundwater extraction scenarios on fresh groundwater resources in the Nile Delta Governorates. Egypt. Water 10(11):1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111690McEvoy J, Wilder M (2012) Discourse and desalination: potential impacts of proposed climate change adaptation interventions in the Arizona-Sonora border region. Glob Environ Change 22(2012):353–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.11.001Petty K (2011) The effects of land cover, climate, and urbanization on groundwater resources in Dauphin Island. Dissertation, Auburn University, AlabamaPulido-Velazquez D, Garrote L, Andreu J, Martin-Carrasco FJ, Iglesias A (2011) A methodology to diagnose the effect of climate change and to identify adaptive strategies to reduce its impacts in conjunctive-use systems at basin scale. J Hydrol 405:110–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.014Pulido-Velazquez D, Renau-Pruñonosa A, Llopis-Albert C, Morell I, Collados-Lara AJ, Senent-Aparicio J, Baena-Ruiz L (2018) Integrated assessment of future potential global change scenarios and their hydrological impacts in coastal aquifers—a new tool to analyse management alternatives in the Plana Oropesa-Torreblanca aquifer. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 22(5):3053. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3053-2018Ranjan SP, Kazama S, Sawamoto M (2006) Effects of climate and land use changes on groundwater resources in coastal aquifers. J Environ Manage 80(1):25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.08.008Rasmussen P, Sonnenborg TO, Goncear G, Hinsby K (2013) Assessing impacts of climate change, SLR, and drainage canals on saltwater intrusion to coastal aquifer. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 17:421–443. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-421-2013Renau-Pruñonosa A, Morell I, Pulido-Velazquez D (2016) A methodology to analyse and assess pumping management strategies in coastal aquifers to avoid degradation due to seawater intrusion problems. Water Resour Manage 30(13):4823–4837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1455-yRobins NS, Jones HK, Ellis J (1999) An aquifer management case study—the chalk of the English South Downs. Water Resour Manage 13(3):205–218. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008101727356Romanazzi A, Gentile F, Polemio M (2015) Modelling and management of a Mediterranean karstic coastal aquifer under the effects of seawater intrusion and climate change. Environ Earth Sci 74(1):115–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4423-6Sola F, Vallejos A, Moreno L, López-Geta JA, Pulido-Bosch A (2013) Identification of hydrogeochemical process linked to marine intrusion induced by pumping of a semi-confined Mediterranean coastal aquifer. Int J Environ Sci Technol 10(1):63–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0087-xTrinh LT, Nguyen G, Vu H, Van Der Steen P, Lens RNL (2012) Climate change adaptation indicators to assess wastewater management and reuse options in the Mekong Delta. Vietnam Water Resour Manag 27(5):1175–1191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0227-6Van Pham H, Lee SI (2015) Assessment of seawater intrusion potential from sea-level rise and groundwater extraction in a coastal aquifer. 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Tool to manage Road Safety Deficiencies and risk of highway crashes

[EN] In order to facilitate the management of the results obtained in the project “Analysis of the relationship between Road Safety Deficiencies, crashes and hazardous sections” financed by Public Works Agency of the Regional Government of Andalusia (AOPJA) and led by the research group TRYSE from University of Granada, a safety management tool has been developed. This application allows safety managers to consult some factors affecting crashes on two-lane rural highways. The main aim of that project was to analyze the influence of some road deficiencies on crashes and hazardous sections in the Complementary Road Network of Andalusia. These deficiencies were defined in a checklist and were identified by a road inspection. Decision Trees (DTs), that are a data mining technique that allows the extraction of Decision Rules (DRs), were used. DRs revealed the relationship between road deficiencies and crashes. The application allows two different analyses. A specific analysis of the Complementary Road Network of Andalusia, in which, particular safety problems can be identified, and the location of roads with those problems can be obtained. A more general analysis in which some characteristics related to road safety can be selected in order to know the combination of factors contributing to traffic crashes. Safety problems are based on data from Complementary Road Network of Andalusia but results can be extrapolated to other rural highways in Spain.López Maldonado, G.; Baena Ruíz, L.; Garach Morcillo, L.; De Oña López, J. (2016). Tool to manage Road Safety Deficiencies and risk of highway crashes. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1553-1561. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.4068OCS1553156

Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain

[EN] The protection of groundwater resources in coastal aquifers is an increasingly important issue worldwide. To establish threshold values and remediation objectives, it is essential to know the natural background concentrations of relevant ions in groundwater. The rationale is to define the Natural Background Level (NBL) of chemical species determined by atmospheric and lithological forces. In many coastal aquifers, this evaluation worsens since atmospheric and lithological salinity combines with many other anthropogenic sources of salinity, including exogenous salinity induced by seawater intrusion (SWI). This paper presents a combination of six well-known statistical techniques and a new methodology (i.e., SITE index) in eight GWBs affected by SWI in Eastern Spain. The chloride ion was the selected conservative chemical specie to assess the qualitative status due to the variable SWI affection. The Natural Chloride Background (NCB) obtained from these methodologies at the GWB scale was compared with regional NCB data calculated with the Atmospheric Chloride Mass Balance (CMB) method in Continental Spain. The CMB method provides atmospherically derived NCB data that are not influenced by SWI or anthropogenic activities or lithological forces. This external evaluation can be considered the atmospheric fraction of NCB, which serves as a regional criterion to validate the more detailed statistical methodologies applied at the GWB scale. As a result, a conceptualization of NCB is obtained by means of a range of values between 115 mg L-1 and 261 mg L-1 in the studied coastal GWBs affected by SWI in Eastern Spain.This research was partially funded by the projects GeoE.171.008-TACTIC and Ge-oE.171.008-HOVER from the EU Horizon 2020 R+D program, the project 101086497 from the EU Horizon-CL6-2022-Governance-01 R+D program, and the project SIGLO-PROAN (PID2021-128021OB-I00 and RTI2018-101397-B-I00) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Grima-Olmedo, J.; Ballesteros-Navarro, B.; Pulido-Velázquez, D.; Renau-Pruñonosa, A.; Javier Alcalá, F.; Llopis-Albert, C.; Jiménez-Gavilán, P.... (2023). Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain. Water. 15(15):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152728117151

Hábitos de estudio en estudiantes del CU UAEM Temascaltepec

El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de utilización de los hábitos de estudio en estudiantes de la licenciatura de psicología distribuidos en los semestres primero, tercero y quinto, con una población de 137 estudiantes. Se utilizó el instrumento de Inventario de Hábitos de Estudio (IHE), con enfoque cualitativo calculando la frecuencia que hacen los estudiantes de los hábitos de estudio en sus cinco escalas. En la escala de condiciones ambientales de estudio, los estudiantes presentan un nivel de utilización normal bajo a moderado. Escala de planificación de estudio, presentan un nivel de utilización normal moderado. Escala de utilización de materiales, el nivel de utilización es de no satisfactorio alto a normal moderado. Escala de Asimilación de contenidos, presentan un nivel de utilización normal bajo.  Escala de Sinceridad, presentan un nivel de utilización de normal bajo. Palabras clave: Hábitos de estudio, estudiantes, licenciatura, psicología, IHE

Audiovisual Library for bilingual education on railways (bauffer)

[EN] Despite the differences that may exist between the different Schools of Civil Engineering, Railways is an eminently practical subject and its purpose is that students learn not only the theoretical design of railway lines, but also the construction, management and operation processes. Concerning the design of railway lines, it can be taught in the classroom, through theoretical and practical classes. However, th e entire construction process (earthworks, construction of bridges, tunnels, stations, assembly and welding of the track), testing (infrastructure, approval of new trains, etc.), maintenance (track maintenance, preventive maintenance) and operation of the rail system (control and management of the railway traffic, rail transport operators, rail infrastructure manager) include processes that are difficult to illustrate in class, only using words, text or pictures. The most appropriate way for students to understand all these processes would be their presence in them, but this would be very difficult and expensive. So, in addition to the usual teaching aids such as textbooks, board and slides, it is considered very he lpful for the teaching in Railways to have an audiovisual library (BAUFERR). BAUFERR compiles videos of all practical aspects included in the subject and mentioned above. This library will be bilingual (Castilian / English), with the aim of improving the training of students for working abroad. The BAUFERR is being developed within the Programme for Innovation and Good Teaching Practices of the University of Granada (UGR) , which emphasizes the need for the development of innovative educational materials on line. During its development, it is located in the Teaching Board the Teaching Support Resource Platform of the UGR. The Teaching Board is oriented to promote a collaborative work between teachers and students, just like the content providing process to the BAUFERR is going to be. When completed, the BAUFERR will have universal access through a website and the publication of a DVD.Baena, L.; Calvo, F.; De Oña, J.; Garach, L.; López-Maldonado, G.; De Oña, R. (2014). Audiovisual Library for bilingual education on railways (bauffer). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 160:548-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.168S54854616

Lectura, escritura y medio ambiente

El presente proyecto surge de la necesidad de dar continuidad a un trabajo que ya se había iniciado en el año de 1992, el cual ha tenido como objetivos centrales: - Contribuir al cambio social construyendo con el nuevo maestro su papel frente al saber pedagógico. - Reflexionar sobre la educación ambiental como planteamiento integrante e integrador. - Cualificar los procesos de lectura y escritura de los niños del Colegio Fe y Alegría El Limonar. - Establecer relaciones entre la lectura, la escritura y la educación ambiental Este proyecto se desarrolló básicamente en tres niveles; primero se desarrolló el diagnóstico pedagógico de la institución, luego se construyeron y se ejecutaron los proyectos de aula; por último se elaboraron las memorias del trabajo. El trabajo expuesto a continuación se convierte en herramienta de apoyo y en derrotero para futuros proyectos pedagógicos, donde a partir de la lectura y la escritura y la educación ambiental se generen nuevos procesos educativos que contribuyan a mejorar la calidad de la educación