MORTALIDADE DECORRENTE POR CÂNCER COLORRETAL NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO NO PERIODO DE 2012-2016

Introdução: o colón é um órgão cilindro oco que mede aproximadamente 1,5 a 1,8 m de comprimento e com cerca de 5 a 8 cm de diâmetro, começando na parte inferior direita do abdômen e terminando no ânus, cuja função principal consiste em armazenar os resíduos da digestão e preparar os dejetos para a sua eliminação. O câncer de cólon abrange tumores que acometem um segmento do intestino grosso e o reto, sendo um dos tipos de câncer mais incidentes no mundo. É tratável e curável na maioria dos casos detectado precocemente. Objetivo: analisar os casos de mortalidade por câncer colorretal, no nordeste brasileiro, no período de 2012 a 2016. Método: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, com abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizada uma verificação direta nos dados do INCA sobre os casos de câncer colorretal, que aconteceram no período de 2012 a 2016, no Nordeste. Os dados evidenciados foram expressos em frequência absoluta e relativa e apresentados em forma de tabela, conforme sistema de Atlas On-line de Mortalidade do INCA. Resultados: o estudo revelou que no período de 2012 foram identificadas 1113 (0,36%) mortes por cancro colorretal, já no ano de 2013, foram 1.205 (0,38%), seguidamente em 2014, foram 1.288 (0,40%), no ano de 2015, foram 1.397 (0,41%) e por fim em 2016, foram 1.497 (0,43%). O tratamento do câncer colorretal depende do tamanho, da localização e da propagação do câncer. Incluindo também a cirurgia para remover o tumor, quimioterapia e radioterapia. Conclusão: nota-se que a taxa de mortalidade de cancro colorretal só aumentou nos últimos anos, por isso são necessárias ações preventivas como manter o peso corporal adequado, realizar atividade física e não fazer uso do tabaco

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Copaiba oil effect under different pathways in mice subjected to sepsis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil administered by different routes on survival of mices subjected to cecal ligation and puncture. METHODS: Thirty two mice were distributed into four study groups (N=8): Sham group: normal standard animals; Control group: submitted a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); Gavage group: submitted a CLP, and treat with copaiba oil by gavage; and Subcutaneous group: submitted a CLP, and treat with copaiba oil by subcutaneous injection. After the death of the histological analysis were performed. The Kaplan-Meier curves of surviving time were realized. RESULTS: All animals that received copaiba, regardless of the route used, survived longer when compared to the control group (p0.05). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic subcutaneous administration of copaiba in mice subjected to severe sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture, resulted in a survival time higher than non-use or use of this oil by gavage.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoSILVEIRA, E. L. Universidade Federal do Par

UMA ABORDAGEM COMPREENSIVA E ILUSTRATIVA DA PERIODONTITE APICAL CRÔNICA

The periapical lesions (PL) are one of the most frequent pathologies of alveolar bone, where the chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) is very recurrent in dental practice. The most common clinical manifestations are the periapical granuloma and radicular cyst. Because of its clinical relevance, it is extremely important to understand how the pathological development occurrs to obtain a better clinical understanding. Aiming to address the clinical appearance, histopathological, radiographic aspects, in addition to the differential diagnosis and possible methods for treatment in an explanatory and qualitative way, without practical involvement, but for practical use. Through this literature review, with bibliographic complementation from books and publications available on the main scientific platforms for research, it was found that performing the clinical management of PL is directly proportional to the knowledge of these conditions and their therapeutic possibilities.As lesões periapicais (LP) são as doenças dentárias mais frequentes envolvendo o osso alveolar, em que um dos quadros recorrentes é a periodontite apical crônica (PAC), sendo que as manifestações clínicas mais comuns são o granuloma periapical e cisto radicular. Por conta da sua relevância na prática odontológica, é de suma importância entender como ocorre o seu desenvolvimento patológico para obter um melhor entendimento clínico. Tendo por objetivo abordar seus aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos, radiográficos, além do diagnóstico diferencial e possíveis métodos para tratamento de forma explicativa e qualitativa, sem envolvimento prático, porém para uso prático. Através desta revisão de literatura, com complementação bibliográfica a partir de livros e publicações disponíveis nas principais plataformas científicas para pesquisa, verificou-se que realizar o manejo clínico das LP é diretamente proporcional ao conhecimento destas condições e de suas possibilidades terapêuticas

An analysis of the influence of sex hormones on Balb/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

Financial support: IEC/SVS/MS; UEPA; CNPq (PIBIC).Universidade do Estado do Pará. Departamento de Cirurgia Experimental. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Núcleo de Medicina Tropical. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Núcleo de Medicina Tropical. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Pará. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Núcleo de Medicina Tropical. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Ensaios Clínicos em Malária. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Sex steroids can determine several responses in the clinical evolution of malaria. Seventy Balb-c mice were randomly distributed into 7 groups (10 mice per group): G1 to G6 corresponding to castrated females, castrated females that received estradiol cypionate, uncastrated females, castrated males, castrated males that received intramuscular testosterone decanoate and uncastrated males infected with Plasmodium berghei, and G7, the control group. The mice were evaluated with regard to survival, parasitemia, temperature, body weight, hemoglobin level (anemia) and splenic index. Castrated infected females had lower rates of survival. In the castrated male, the administration of testosterone had anegative influence on survival. There was a progressive increase in parasitemia without repercussions forsurvival. Castration had a significant influence on weight gain in females. Weight loss was observed in all mice, except those in groups G2 and G5, although this bore no direct relation to parasitemia. A significant and progressive decline in temperature and hemoglobin levels occurred in mice over the course of their infection, which differed from the G7 group. The weight of the spleen in relation to total body weight did not differ among the groups of infected mice, but was significantly higher than it was for the control group

Using Gamma and Quantile Regressions to Explore the Association between Job Strain and Adiposity in the ELSA-Brasil Study: Does Gender Matter?

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-03-08T12:47:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rosane_harter_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 1239654 bytes, checksum: 0a29fe16338a725db14fa5532f431815 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-03-08T13:12:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosane_harter_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 1239654 bytes, checksum: 0a29fe16338a725db14fa5532f431815 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T13:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosane_harter_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 1239654 bytes, checksum: 0a29fe16338a725db14fa5532f431815 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde. Viçosa, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Educação em Ambiente e Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Programa de Computação Científica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Educação em Ambiente e Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Niterói, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Escola de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.This paper explores the association between job strain and adiposity, using two statistical analysis approaches and considering the role of gender. The research evaluated 11,960 active baseline participants (2008-2010) in the ELSA-Brasil study. Job strain was evaluated through a demand-control questionnaire, while body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated in continuous form. The associations were estimated using gamma regression models with an identity link function. Quantile regression models were also estimated from the final set of co-variables established by gamma regression. The relationship that was found varied by analytical approach and gender. Among the women, no association was observed between job strain and adiposity in the fitted gamma models. In the quantile models, a pattern of increasing effects of high strain was observed at higher BMI and WC distribution quantiles. Among the men, high strain was associated with adiposity in the gamma regression models. However, when quantile regression was used, that association was found not to be homogeneous across outcome distributions. In addition, in the quantile models an association was observed between active jobs and BMI. Our results point to an association between job strain and adiposity, which follows a heterogeneous pattern. Modelling strategies can produce different results and should, accordingly, be used to complement one another