De alfabetizandas a alfabetizadoras : nuances da construção dessa trajetória

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Cascão lava as mãos como medida de enfrentamento à COVID-19: os artefatos culturais e suas pedagogias

Posicionado dentro da vertente pós-estruturalista, o presente ensaio se insere no campo das pedagogias culturais e dos estudos de cultura visual e buscou traçar alguns apontamentos acerca das representações e dos regimes de visualidade do personagem Cascão, constantes no artefato cultural criado por Mauricio de Sousa. Nessa perspectiva buscou-se reconhecer as representações ali presentes identificando suas relações com a própria cultura na contemporaneidade. O estudo indica que o artefato produzido, ao atravessar o momento atual, produz narrativas que buscam legitimar discursos e políticas de prevenção frente à pandemia da COVID-19, operando na cultura, determinando e educando sujeitos, corpos, atitudes e valores. Desse modo, o texto foi estruturado em duas partes, em que no primeiro momento debruçou-se a apresentar o lugar de produção dessas imagens dentro da cultura. No segundo momento do texto buscou-se destacar as visualidades produzidas por Maurício de Sousa imbricadas aos regimes de visualidade, reconhecendo, assim, as pedagogias culturais como construção de subjetividades

MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS DA FEBRE HEMORRÁGICA DA DENGUE ASSOCIADA AOS PRINCIPAIS SOROTIPOS VIRAIS / CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER ASSOCIATED WITH CIRCULATING VIRAL SEROTYPES

Introdução. Dentre as doenças transmitidas por vetores, a dengue tornou-se um problema de saúde pública. Cerca de 2,5 bilhões de pessoas vivem em áreas onde os vírus da doença podem ser transmitidos.Objetivo. Descrever os sinais clínicos da Febre Hemorrágica da Dengue com a presença dos diversos sorotipos virais circulantes no município de São Luís - MA, entre os anos 2002-2006. Métodos. Estudo retrospectivo com 194 casos de Febre Hemorrágica da Dengue, os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos Notificáveis (SINAN), junto a Superintendência de Vigilância Epidemiológica (SVE) de São Luís. Resultados. Dos 194 casos analisados 131 (67,5¨%) ocorreram em 2006. Nos anos estudados todos os casos apresentaram febre; o surgimento de petéquias foi a manifestação hemorrágica mais frequente, sendo que em 2005 correspondeu a 70,3% dos casos; sangramento gastrointestinal e outras hemorragias destacaram-se em 2006 com 47 casos (35,9%) e 19 casos (14,5%) respectivamente. Houve um aumento dos sinais de extravasamento plasmático a partir de 2004, sendo que, 66 (50,4%) casos apresentaram derrame pleural neste ano e, 86 (85,6%) apresentaram ascite em 2006. Nos cinco anos do estudo circularam os sorotipos virais DEN-1, DEN-2 e DEN-3. Ocorreu circulação simultânea de sorotipos em 2003 (DEN-1 e DEN-3) e em 2006 (DEN-2 e DEN-3). Com a circulação do DEN-3 ocorreu aumento qualitativo e quantitativo da sintomatologia clinica. Conclusão. A circulação simultânea de diferentes sorotipos virais pode aumentar o aparecimento de formas clínicas mais graves.Palavras-chave: Febre hemorrágica da dengue. Vírus da Dengue. Epidemiologia.AbstractIntroduction. Among the diseases transmitted by vectors, dengue became a public health problem. About 2.5 billion people live in areas where the virus can be transmitted. Objetive. To describe the clinical signs of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the presence of different serotypes circulating in the municipality of São Luís - MA, from 2002 to 2006. Methods. Retrospective study with 194 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever.  Data were collected from the national notifiable disease system (SINAN), along with the bureau of epidemiologic surveillance (EVS) of São Luis. Results. Out of 194 cases, 131 (67.5 %) occurred in 2006. During the study all cases had fever symptoms. The appearance of petechiae was the most frequent hemorrhagic manifestation, which accounted for 70.3% of cases in 2005. Gastrointestinal bleeding and other hemorrhages were the most frequent manifestations in 2006, with 47 cases (35.9 %) and 19 cases (14.5%) respectively. There was an increase in signs of plasma extravagation from 2004, being 66 (50.4%) cases with pleural effusion in that same year, and 86 (85.6%) with ascites in 2006. The viral serotypes DEN-1, DEN-2 and DEN-3 circulated during the five years of study. Simultaneous circulation of serotypes DEN-1 and DEN-3 occurred in 2003 and the DEN-2 and DEN-3 in 2006. The quality and quantity increasing of clinical symptoms was due the circulation of DEN-3. Conclusion. The simultaneous circulation of different serotypes may increase the appearance of more severe clinical manifestations.Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue vírus.           Epidemiology

Differential microRNA Profile in Operational Tolerance: A Potential Role in Favoring Cell Survival

Background: Operational tolerance (OT) is a state of graft functional stability that occurs after at least 1 year of immunosuppressant withdrawal. MicroRNAs (microRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that downregulate messenger RNA/protein expression of innumerous molecules and are critical for homeostasis. We investigated whether OT in kidney transplantation displays a differential microRNA profile, which would suggest that microRNAs participate in Operational Tolerance mechanisms, and may reveal potential molecular pathways.Methods: We first compared serum microRNA in OT (n = 8) with chronic rejection (CR) (n = 5) and healthy individuals (HI) (n = 5), using a 768-microRNA qPCR-panel. We used the Thermo Fisher Cloud computing platform to compare the levels of microRNAs in the OT group in relation to the other study groups. We performed validation experiments for miR-885-5p, by q-PCR, in a larger number of study subjects (OT = 8, CR = 12, HI = 12), as individual samples.Results: We detected a differential microRNA profile in OT vs. its opposing clinical outcome—CR—suggesting that microRNAs may integrate transplantation tolerance mechanisms. Some miRNAs were detected at higher levels in OT: miR-885-5p, miR-331-3p, miR-27a-5p vs. CR; others, we found at lower levels: miR-1233-3p, miR-572, miR-638, miR-1260a. Considering highly predicted/experimentally demonstrated targets of these miRNAs, bioinformatics analysis revealed that the granzyme B, and death receptor pathways are dominant, suggesting that cell death regulation integrates transplantation tolerance mechanisms. We confirmed higher miR-885-5p levels in OT vs. CR, and vs. HI, in a larger number of subjects.Conclusions: We propose that epigenetics mechanisms involving microRNAs may integrate human transplantation tolerance mechanisms, and regulate key members of the cell death/survival signaling. miR-885-5p could favor cell survival in OT by diminishing the levels of CRADD/RAIDD and CASP3. Nonetheless, given the nature of any complex phenomenon in humans, only cumulative data will help to determine whether this microRNA differential profile may be related to the cause or consequence of operational tolerance

Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination

Wild and managed bees are well documented as effective pollinators of global crops of economic importance. However, the contributions by pollinators other than bees have been little explored despite their potential to contribute to crop production and stability in the face of environmental change. Non-bee pollinators include flies, beetles, moths, butterflies, wasps, ants, birds, and bats, among others. Here we focus on non-bee insects and synthesize 39 field studies from five continents that directly measured the crop pollination services provided by non-bees, honey bees, and other bees to compare the relative contributions of these taxa. Non-bees performed 25–50% of the total number of flower visits. Although non-bees were less effective pollinators than bees per flower visit, they made more visits; thus these two factors compensated for each other, resulting in pollination services rendered by non-bees that were similar to those provided by bees. In the subset of studies that measured fruit set, fruit set increased with non-bee insect visits independently of bee visitation rates, indicating that non-bee insects provide a unique benefit that is not provided by bees. We also show that non-bee insects are not as reliant as bees on the presence of remnant natural or seminatural habitat in the surrounding landscape. These results strongly suggest that non-bee insect pollinators play a significant role in global crop production and respond differently than bees to landscape structure, probably making their crop pollination services more robust to changes in land use. Non-bee insects provide a valuable service and provide potential insurance against bee population declines

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Programa Alfabetiza Rio Grande : a "importância de voltar a estudar" na produção textual de alfabetizandos adultos

Esta dissertação de Mestrado apresenta como foco de investigação a produção textual de jovens e adultos que integraram turmas de alfabetização no programa governamental Alfabetiza Rio Grande, que se desenvolveu entre os anos de 2003 e 2006, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O material empírico da pesquisa constituiu-se de 47 textos que integraram a publicação da Secretaria de Estado da Educação do RS, em 2005, intitulada “Jovens e Adultos: ressignificação dos saberes no mundo letrado”, da série Cadernos Pedagógicos 2005/2006. De um conjunto de 124 produções textuais de alunos que freqüentaram o programa durante os anos de 2005/2006, selecionou 47, a partir do eixo temático “importância de voltar a estudar”, produzindo três categorias apresentadas no capítulo das análises. Tal distribuição foi assim categorizada: “a presença dos mitos constituindo verdades”, “referências aos usos sociais da escrita e da leitura” e “a ‘escrita de si’”. Contando com o aporte teórico-metodológico dos Estudos Culturais e dos Estudos de Alfabetismo, esta pesquisa olha para o sujeito construído e identificado como “analfabeto” buscando fugir das narrativas canônicas, ao “desnaturalizar” sua invenção, buscando suas origens. Os Estudos Culturais apresentam um entendimento de cultura que não faz distinção entre alta e baixa cultura e trata todas as manifestações culturais como práticas de significação. Dessa forma, permitem lançar um olhar de estranhamento sobre os discursos que envolvem a invenção dos termos “alfabetismo” e “analfabetismo”, bem como discutir a forma como acontece sua “materialização” nos discursos, por meio da análise das representações que recebem as equações alfabetização e escolarização e alfabetismo e escolarização e, assim, evidenciar as continuidades e os deslocamentos por que passaram determinados mitos que influenciaram a escolarização da população, desde o século XIX até o século XXI, traduzidos em progresso econômico, social e individual e sua relação com a capacidade para o emprego. O trabalho foi elaborado contando com a contribuição de autores como Iole Maria Faviero Trindade, Rosa Hessel Silveira, Jorge Larrosa, Brian Street, Harvey Graff, Jenny Cook-Gumperz, Alfredo Veiga-Neto, dentre outros. Ao olhar para as produções dos alunos, fazendo uso da análise textual, esse estudo examinou alguns dos “mitos” em relação às expectativas da alfabetização e de escolarização desses alunos, os usos sociais que fizeram da escrita e da leitura, bem como as habilidades que demonstraram de seu uso e o quanto a “experiência de si”, através da escrita, pode aproximá-los de um (re)conhecimento maior ou menor do domínio dessas competências. Pontuou, também, que as práticas de leitura e escrita, uma vez estando presentes em suas tarefas cotidianas, poderiam lhes estimular a buscar cada vez mais a competência nos seus usos. De certa forma, tal sentido, atribuído a essas práticas, parece promover a “desmistificação” de determinadas crenças “salvacionistas” e “redentoras” que cercam a alfabetização e o alfabetismo.This master’s dissertation focuses upon young and adult textual production making up literacy classes in the state programme Alfabetiza Rio Grande, developed between 2003 and 2006 in Rio Grande do Sul. The research empirical material has 47 texts integrating the State Education Department publication entitled Jovens e Adultos: ressignificação dos saberes no mundo letrado in the series 2005/2006 Pedagogical Copybooks in RS in 2005. From a set of 124 textual productions by students attending the programme in 2005/2006, one examined 47 ones in a subject thread of ‘how important it is to go to school again’, producing three categories introduced in the analysis chapter. The distribution was the following: ‘the presence of myths shaping truths’, ‘references to reading and writing social uses’ and ‘writing about the self’. Counting upon theoretical and methodological contributions from Cultural Studies and Literacy Studies, this research looks at the subject constructed and identified as ‘illiterate’, seeking to escape from canonical narratives, by unnaturalizing his/her invention, searching his/her origins. The Cultural Studies provide an understanding of culture that makes no distinction between high and low culture treating all as cultural manifestations as meaning practices. Thus, they allow us to have a stranger look at discourses involving invention of terms like ‘literacy teaching’ and ‘illiteracy’, as well as to discuss by analyzing representations receiving equations literacy teaching/schooling and literacy/ schooling, and thus evincing continuities and displacing particular myths have undergone which effected upon the population schooling since the 19th century up to the 21st, rendered in economic, social and individual progress and its relation with skill for job. The work was performed with the contribution of theorists like Iole Maria Faviero Trindade, Rosa Hessel Silveira, Jorge Larrosa, Brian Street, Harvey Graff, Jenny Cook-Gumperz, Alfredo Veiga-Neto, and others. By looking at the students’ productions, through the textual analysis lens, this study examined some of the ‘myths’ in relation to expectations of literacy and schooling for these students, the social uses of reading and writing, as well as skills they showed of its use and to how the ‘experience of the self’, through writing, can put them closer to a conscience of the mastering of these skills. It has also pointed that reading and writing practices, once present in the everyday, could encourage them to look for more and more skills. In a way, such meaning ascribed to these practices seems to promote the ‘demythologizing’ of particular ‘saviour’ and ‘Redemptory’ beliefs involving literacy and literacy teaching