181 research outputs found
The 11th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks ( EUSPN 2020)
The
potential of IoT in contributing towards sustainable economic development in
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) through digital transformation and effective service
delivery is widely accepted. However, the unreliability/unavailability of
connectivity and power grid infrastructure as well as the unaffordability of
the overall system hinders the implementation of a multi-layered IoT
architecture for rural societal services in SSA. In this work, affordable IoT
architecture that operates without reliance on broadband connectivity and power
grid is developed. The architecture employs energy harvesting system and
performs data processing, actuation decisions and network management locally by
integrating a customized low-cost computationally capable device with the
gateway. The sharing of this device among the water resource and quality
management, healthcare and agriculture applications further reduces the overall
system cost. The evaluation of LPWAN technologies reveals that LoRaWAN has
lower cost with added benefits of adaptive data rate and largest community
support while providing comparable performance and communication range with the
other technologies. The relevant results of the analysis is communicated to
end-users’ mobile device via 2G/3G GPRS. Hence, the proposed IoT architecture
enables the implementation of IoT systems for improving efficiency in three key
application areas at low cost.</p
The 11th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks (EUSPN 2020)
Ensuring food security has
become a challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to combined effects of
climate change, high population growth, and relying on rainfed farming.
Governments are establishing shared irrigation infrastructure for smallholder
farmers as part of the solutions for food security. However, the irrigated
farms often failed to achieve the expected crop yield. This is partly due to
lack of water management system in the irrigation infrastructure. In this work,
IoT-based irrigation management system is proposed after investigating problems
of irrigated farmlands in three SSA countries, Ethiopia, Kenya, and South
Africa as case studies. Resource-efficient IoT architecture is developed that
monitors soil, microclimate and water parameters and performs appropriate
irrigation management. Indigenous farming and expert knowledge, regional
weather information, crop and soil specific characteristics are also provided
to the system for informed-decision making and efficient operation of the
irrigation management system. In SSA, broadband connectivity and cloud services
are either unavailable or expensive. To tackle these limitations, data
processing, network management and irrigation decisions and communication to
the farmers are carried out locally, without the involvement of any back-end
servers. Furthermore, the use of green energy sources and resource-aware
intelligent data analysis algorithm is studied. The intelligent data analysis
helps to discover new knowledge that support further development of
agricultural expert knowledge. The proposed IoT-based irrigation management
system is expected to contribute towards long term and sustainable high crop
yield with minimum resource consumption and impact to the biodiversity around
the case farmlands.</p
A systems model describing the impact of organic resource use on farming households in low to middle income countries
We are grateful for support from the DFID-NERC El Niño programme in project NE P004830, “Building Resilience in Ethiopia’s Awassa region to Drought (BREAD)”, the ESRC NEXUS programme in project IEAS/POO2501/1, “Improving organic resource use in rural Ethiopia (IPORE)”, and the NERC ESPA programme in project NEK0104251 “Alternative carbon investments in ecosystems for poverty alleviation (ALTER)”. We are also grateful to Dr. V.U.M. Rao (Former Project Coordinator, AICRP on Agrometeorology, CRIDA, Hyderabad) and Dr. S.K. Chaudhari (DDG, NRM Division, KAB-II, ICAR, New Delhi) for their assistance in collecting meteorological data of Parbhani, Maharashtra.Peer reviewedPostprin
Treatment of organic resources before soil incorporation in semi-arid regions improves resilience to El Niño, and increases crop production and economic returns
We are grateful for support from the DFID-NERC El Niño programme in project NE P004830, “Building Resilience in Ethiopia’s Awassa region to Drought (BREAD)”, the ESRC NEXUS programme in project IEAS/POO2501/1, “Improving organic resource use in rural Ethiopia (IPORE)”, and the NERC ESPA programme in project NEK0104251 “Alternative carbon investments in ecosystems for poverty alleviation (ALTER)”. We are also grateful to Anke Fischer (James Hutton Insitute) for her comments on the paper.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Local Increase of Arginase Activity in Lesions of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia
The leishmaniases are a complex of diseases caused by Leishmania parasites. Currently, the diseases affect an estimated 12 million people in 88 countries, and approximately 350 million more people are at risk. The leishmaniases belong to the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting the poorest populations, for whom access to diagnosis and effective treatment are often not available. Leishmania parasites infect cells of the immune system called macrophages, which have the capacity to eliminate the intracellular parasites when they receive the appropriate signals from other cells of the immune system. In nonhealing persistent leishmaniasis, lymphocytes are unable to transmit the signals to macrophages required to kill the intracellular parasites. The local upregulation of the enzyme arginase has been shown to impair lymphocyte effector functions at the site of pathology. In this study, we tested the activity of this enzyme in skin lesions of patients presenting with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. Our results show that arginase is highly upregulated in these lesions. This increase in arginase activity coincides with lower expression of a signalling molecule in lymphocytes, which is essential for efficient activation of these cells. These results suggest that increased arginase expression in the localized cutaneous lesions might contribute to persistent disease in patients presenting with cutaneous leishmaniasis
Sarcoma treatment in the era of molecular medicine
Sarcomas are heterogeneous and clinically challenging soft tissue and bone cancers. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, sarcomas represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. More than 100 histological subtypes have been characterized to date, and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. Owing to their mostly aggressive biological behavior, relative rarity, and occurrence at virtually every anatomical site, many sarcoma subtypes are in particular difficult-to-treat categories. Current multimodal treatment concepts combine surgery, polychemotherapy (with/without local hyperthermia), irradiation, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapeutics. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the molecular biology of sarcomas and their effects on clinical oncology; it is meant for a broad readership ranging from novices to experts in the field of sarcoma.Peer reviewe
A phase-II trial of dose-dense chemotherapy in patients with disseminated thymoma: report of a Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG 9605)
Tuberculosis recurrence in smear-positive patients cured under DOTS in southern Ethiopia: retrospective cohort study
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