65 research outputs found

    Drying colloidal systems: laboratory models for a wide range of applications

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    The drying of complex fluids provides a powerful insight into phenomena that take place on time and length scales not normally accessible. An important feature of complex fluids, colloidal dispersions and polymer solutions is their high sensitivity to weak external actions. Thus, the drying of complex fluids involves a large number of physical and chemical processes. The scope of this review is the capacity to tune such systems to reproduce and explore specific properties in a physics laboratory. A wide variety of systems are presented, ranging from functional coatings, food science, cosmetology, medical diagnostics and forensics to geophysics and art

    Semantic access to massive and heterogeneous health data

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    Les donnĂ©es cliniques sont produites par diffĂ©rents professionnels de santĂ©, dans divers lieux et sous diverses formes dans le cadre de la pratique de la mĂ©decine. Elles prĂ©sentent par consĂ©quent une hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© Ă  la fois au niveau de leur nature et de leur structure mais Ă©galement une volumĂ©trie particuliĂšrement importante et qualifiable de massive. Le travail rĂ©alisĂ© dans le cadre de cette thĂšse s’attache Ă  proposer une mĂ©thode de recherche d’information efficace au sein de ce type de donnĂ©es complexes et massives. L’accĂšs aux donnĂ©es cliniques se heurte en premier lieu Ă  la nĂ©cessitĂ© de modĂ©liser l’informationclinique. Ceci peut notamment ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ© au sein du dossier patient informatisĂ© ou, dans une plus large mesure, au sein d’entrepĂŽts de donnĂ©es. Je propose dans ce mĂ©moire unepreuve de concept d’un moteur de recherche permettant d’accĂ©der Ă  l’information contenue au sein de l’entrepĂŽt de donnĂ©es de santĂ© sĂ©mantique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen. GrĂące Ă  un modĂšle de donnĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©rique, cet entrepĂŽt adopte une vision de l’information assimilable Ă  un graphe de donnĂ©es rendant possible la modĂ©lisation de cette information tout en prĂ©servant sa complexitĂ© conceptuelle. Afin de fournir des fonctionnalitĂ©s de recherche adaptĂ©es Ă  cette reprĂ©sentation gĂ©nĂ©rique, un langage de requĂȘtes permettant l’accĂšs Ă  l’information clinique par le biais des diverses entitĂ©s qui la composent a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© et implĂ©mentĂ© dans le cadre de cette thĂšse. En second lieu, la massivitĂ© des donnĂ©es cliniques constitue un dĂ©fi technique majeur entravant la mise en oeuvre d’une recherche d’information efficace. L’implĂ©mentation initiale de la preuve de concept sur un systĂšme de gestion de base de donnĂ©es relationnel a permis d’objectiver les limites de ces derniers en terme de performances. Une migration vers un systĂšme NoSQL orientĂ© clĂ©-valeur a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. Bien qu’offrant de bonnes performances d’accĂšs atomique aux donnĂ©es, cette migration a Ă©galement nĂ©cessitĂ© des dĂ©veloppements annexes et la dĂ©finition d’une architecture matĂ©rielle et applicative propice Ă  la mise en oeuvre des fonctionnalitĂ©s de recherche et d’accĂšs aux donnĂ©es. Enfin, l’apport de ce travail dans le contexte plus gĂ©nĂ©ral de l’entrepĂŽt de donnĂ©es de santĂ© sĂ©mantique du CHU de Rouen a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©. La preuve de concept proposĂ©e dans ce travail a ainsi Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©e pour accĂ©der aux descriptions sĂ©mantiques afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  des critĂšres d’inclusion et d’exclusion de patients dans des Ă©tudes cliniques. Dans cette Ă©valuation, une rĂ©ponse totale ou partielle a pu ĂȘtre apportĂ©e Ă  72,97% des critĂšres. De plus, la gĂ©nĂ©ricitĂ© de l’outil a Ă©galement permis de l’exploiter dans d’autres contextes tels que la recherche d’information documentaire et bibliographique en santĂ©.Clinical data are produced as part of the practice of medicine by different health professionals, in several places and in various formats. They therefore present an heterogeneity both in terms of their nature and structure and are furthermore of a particularly large volume, which make them considered as Big Data. The work carried out in this thesis aims at proposing an effective information retrieval method within the context of this type of complex and massive data. First, the access to clinical data constrained by the need to model clinical information. This can be done within Electronic Health Records and, in a larger extent, within data Warehouses. In this thesis, I proposed a proof of concept of a search engine allowing the access to the information contained in the Semantic Health Data Warehouse of the Rouen University Hospital. A generic data model allows this data warehouse to view information as a graph of data, thus enabling to model the information while preserving its conceptual complexity. In order to provide search functionalities adapted to this generic representation of data, a query language allowing access to clinical information through the various entities of which it is composed has been developed and implemented as a part of this thesis’s work. Second, the massiveness of clinical data is also a major technical challenge that hinders the implementation of an efficient information retrieval. The initial implementation of the proof of concept highlighted the limits of a relational database management systems when used in the context of clinical data. A migration to a NoSQL key-value store has been then completed. Although offering good atomic data access performance, this migration nevertheless required additional developments and the design of a suitable hardware and applicative architecture toprovide advanced search functionalities. Finally, the contribution of this work within the general context of the Semantic Health Data Warehouse of the Rouen University Hospital was evaluated. The proof of concept proposed in this work was used to access semantic descriptions of information in order to meet the criteria for including and excluding patients in clinical studies. In this evaluation, a total or partial response is given to 72.97% of the criteria. In addition, the genericity of the tool has also made it possible to use it in other contexts such as documentary and bibliographic information retrieval in health

    AccÚs sémantique aux données massives et hétérogÚnes en santé

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    Clinical data are produced as part of the practice of medicine by different health professionals, in several places and in various formats. They therefore present an heterogeneity both in terms of their nature and structure and are furthermore of a particularly large volume, which make them considered as Big Data. The work carried out in this thesis aims at proposing an effective information retrieval method within the context of this type of complex and massive data. First, the access to clinical data constrained by the need to model clinical information. This can be done within Electronic Health Records and, in a larger extent, within data Warehouses. In this thesis, I proposed a proof of concept of a search engine allowing the access to the information contained in the Semantic Health Data Warehouse of the Rouen University Hospital. A generic data model allows this data warehouse to view information as a graph of data, thus enabling to model the information while preserving its conceptual complexity. In order to provide search functionalities adapted to this generic representation of data, a query language allowing access to clinical information through the various entities of which it is composed has been developed and implemented as a part of this thesis’s work. Second, the massiveness of clinical data is also a major technical challenge that hinders the implementation of an efficient information retrieval. The initial implementation of the proof of concept highlighted the limits of a relational database management systems when used in the context of clinical data. A migration to a NoSQL key-value store has been then completed. Although offering good atomic data access performance, this migration nevertheless required additional developments and the design of a suitable hardware and applicative architecture toprovide advanced search functionalities. Finally, the contribution of this work within the general context of the Semantic Health Data Warehouse of the Rouen University Hospital was evaluated. The proof of concept proposed in this work was used to access semantic descriptions of information in order to meet the criteria for including and excluding patients in clinical studies. In this evaluation, a total or partial response is given to 72.97% of the criteria. In addition, the genericity of the tool has also made it possible to use it in other contexts such as documentary and bibliographic information retrieval in health.Les donnĂ©es cliniques sont produites par diffĂ©rents professionnels de santĂ©, dans divers lieux et sous diverses formes dans le cadre de la pratique de la mĂ©decine. Elles prĂ©sentent par consĂ©quent une hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© Ă  la fois au niveau de leur nature et de leur structure mais Ă©galement une volumĂ©trie particuliĂšrement importante et qualifiable de massive. Le travail rĂ©alisĂ© dans le cadre de cette thĂšse s’attache Ă  proposer une mĂ©thode de recherche d’information efficace au sein de ce type de donnĂ©es complexes et massives. L’accĂšs aux donnĂ©es cliniques se heurte en premier lieu Ă  la nĂ©cessitĂ© de modĂ©liser l’informationclinique. Ceci peut notamment ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ© au sein du dossier patient informatisĂ© ou, dans une plus large mesure, au sein d’entrepĂŽts de donnĂ©es. Je propose dans ce mĂ©moire unepreuve de concept d’un moteur de recherche permettant d’accĂ©der Ă  l’information contenue au sein de l’entrepĂŽt de donnĂ©es de santĂ© sĂ©mantique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen. GrĂące Ă  un modĂšle de donnĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©rique, cet entrepĂŽt adopte une vision de l’information assimilable Ă  un graphe de donnĂ©es rendant possible la modĂ©lisation de cette information tout en prĂ©servant sa complexitĂ© conceptuelle. Afin de fournir des fonctionnalitĂ©s de recherche adaptĂ©es Ă  cette reprĂ©sentation gĂ©nĂ©rique, un langage de requĂȘtes permettant l’accĂšs Ă  l’information clinique par le biais des diverses entitĂ©s qui la composent a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© et implĂ©mentĂ© dans le cadre de cette thĂšse. En second lieu, la massivitĂ© des donnĂ©es cliniques constitue un dĂ©fi technique majeur entravant la mise en oeuvre d’une recherche d’information efficace. L’implĂ©mentation initiale de la preuve de concept sur un systĂšme de gestion de base de donnĂ©es relationnel a permis d’objectiver les limites de ces derniers en terme de performances. Une migration vers un systĂšme NoSQL orientĂ© clĂ©-valeur a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. Bien qu’offrant de bonnes performances d’accĂšs atomique aux donnĂ©es, cette migration a Ă©galement nĂ©cessitĂ© des dĂ©veloppements annexes et la dĂ©finition d’une architecture matĂ©rielle et applicative propice Ă  la mise en oeuvre des fonctionnalitĂ©s de recherche et d’accĂšs aux donnĂ©es. Enfin, l’apport de ce travail dans le contexte plus gĂ©nĂ©ral de l’entrepĂŽt de donnĂ©es de santĂ© sĂ©mantique du CHU de Rouen a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©. La preuve de concept proposĂ©e dans ce travail a ainsi Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©e pour accĂ©der aux descriptions sĂ©mantiques afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  des critĂšres d’inclusion et d’exclusion de patients dans des Ă©tudes cliniques. Dans cette Ă©valuation, une rĂ©ponse totale ou partielle a pu ĂȘtre apportĂ©e Ă  72,97% des critĂšres. De plus, la gĂ©nĂ©ricitĂ© de l’outil a Ă©galement permis de l’exploiter dans d’autres contextes tels que la recherche d’information documentaire et bibliographique en santĂ©

    La réalité virtuelle démystifiée

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    International audienc

    RĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle et mixte pour l’apprentissage et la formation

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    International audienceScientific and technological advances in the field of virtual reality make it possible to create, evaluate, and disseminate interactive and immersive applications at low cost. Whether to simulate real-life situations and/or to enhance human capabilities, virtual reality is used currently in several fields. This article covers in particular its use in learning and training. It Starts with an introduction to virtual reality and the advantages of its use. Then, it presents how virtual learning environments are designed, and concludes with a study of concrete use cases.Les progrĂšs scientifiques et technologiques enregistrĂ©s dans le domaine de la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle permettent aujourd’hui de crĂ©er, d’évaluer et de diffuser des applications interactives immersives Ă  moindre coĂ»t. Que ce soit pour simuler des situations rĂ©elles et/ou pour augmenter les capacitĂ©s humaines, la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle est utilisĂ©e actuellement dans plusieurs domaines. Cet article traite en particulier de son usage pour l’apprentissage et la formation. Il commence par une introduction Ă  la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle et les avantages dĂ©coulant de son utilisation. Puis il dĂ©crit comment les environnements virtuels pour l’apprentissage sont conçus, et conclut par l’étude de cas concrets d’utilisation

    InfoRoute: the CISMeF Context-specific Search Algorithm

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    International audienceThe aim of this paper was to present a practical InfoRoute algorithm and applications developed by CISMeF to perform a contextual information retrieval across multiple medical websites in different health domains

    InfoRoute: the CISMeF Context-specific Search Algorithm

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    International audienceThe aim of this paper was to present a practical InfoRoute algorithm and applications developed by CISMeF to perform a contextual information retrieval across multiple medical websites in different health domains
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