Inserção internacional e financiamento da agricultura brasileira (1980-1996)

Orientador: Jose Graziano da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de EconomiaResumo: Não informadoAbstract: Not informed.DoutoradoDoutor em Economi

Hydrological modelling and evaluation of detention ponds to improve urban drainage system and water quality

Paranoá Lake is an urban lake and it is being used as a source for urban water supply since last year. Until 1990, algal blooms occurred and improvements on wastewater treatment plants carried out improved the water quality very rapidly due to phosphorus load reduction. Recently, water quality is deteriorating, which is probably due to diffuse pollution. In Brazil, we adopt separated pipe networks for sewage and stormwaters, although cross flows occur. The evaluation of urban drainage stormwaters entering the lake and proposition of technical alternatives is crucial in minimizing the impacts on lake water quality. Quantitative and qualitative behavior of urban stormwaters were analyzed by means of monitoring the runoff flows and pollutant concentrations. Mathematical modelling while using the Storm Water Management Model—SWMM was carried out, and good correlations were found for flow modelling. However, poor response was achieved for water quality simulations, affecting the simulated pollutant loads entering the lake. The simulation of 13 alternatives for detention ponds location was also evaluated, as well as their influences on flow damping capability. The detention ponds that were tested were placed in line in the drainage mains to study the effects of their location on the removal of pollutants. As expected, the results showed that ponds located near the outfall are more efficient in reducing flow peaks. However, this layout requires construction woks in areas that are more sensitive to environmental and urbanistic problems and with higher land commercial values. Alternatives with smaller volumes in public areas near the center of the catchment area can lead to the peak flow damping required by the existing drainage network to avoid overflows. In conclusion, detention ponds can be a good alternative for improving the stormwater quantity and quality, but also alternatives that promote increased infiltration, should also be considered for compensating the infiltration lost due to urbanization

Estado, políticas públicas e agronegócio no brasil: revisitando o papel do crédito rural

A leitura corrente entre os atores do agronegócio brasileiro deixa explícita a ideia de que as transformações operadas nas suas áreas de atuação, a partir do final dos anos 1980 até o período atual, foram tributárias exclusivamente da iniciativa privada. Contudo, algumas investigações apontam que não se pode falar em agronegócio sem pensar no Estado e nas políticas públicas, que não só viabilizam sua origem, mas também sua expansão. Atualmente, um conjunto de instrumentos influencia a dinâmica do agronegócio, tais como a política econômica, de ordenamento territorial, trabalhista, ambiental, de crédito, infraestrutura, etc. Este artigo centra-se no debate da política de financiamento rural Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR), em particular no caso da soja em Mato Grosso. Além da utilização de dados estatísticos, o trabalho utiliza informações de pesquisas de campo realizadas entre 2007 e 2013

O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) em Perspectiva: Apontamentos e Questões para o Debate

This article aims to examine the Food Acquisition Program (PAA)and its significant contribution to family agriculture, food security, andnutrition. Various approaches to studying PAA have been set forth in an attemptto systematize the existing literature (reviews and analyses of the Program)and this study has shown main factors that have contributed to the changesin production and consumption patterns of either the families farming ortheir beneficiaries; the impacts on agricultural food product prices; farmers'income and the emergence of new markets; and the implications for promotingthe empowerment of social actors and their organizations. This work alsohighlighted the major limitations and difficulties of PAA, which indicatedthat there is a lack of publicity; the beneficiaries are unacquainted with thepurposes of the program and alignment with institutional goals; the difficultiesand challenges of the PAA to reach families in social disadvantage andeconomic vulnerability; operational and logistical problems (delay in fundrelease, transportation problems, difficulty in obtaining DAP, that is thedeclaration of aptitude for PRONAF, and the program does not offer anytechnical support, etc). Finally, some questions that stimulate either evaluationof the Program or research themes for the social sciences were proposed.Keywords: Public Policy; Family Agriculture; Food Security; PAA.Este artigo4 tem o objetivo de discutir as principais contribuições doPrograma de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) à agricultura familiar e à segurançaalimentar e nutricional. A partir da sistematização da literatura existente (avaliações e análises do Programa) são apontados os aportes do PAA à alteração na matriz de produção e consumo tanto das unidades familiares produtoras dos alimentos quanto das beneficiárias; os efeitos sobre os preços dos produtos agroalimentares, a renda dos agricultores familiares e a emergência de novos mercados e; as implicações para o empoderamento dos atores sociais e de suas organizações. Neste trabalho também são sublinhadas as principais limitações e dificuldades do PAA, quais sejam, a pouca divulgação e o desconhecimento dos objetivos e da institucionalidade do programa pelos beneficiários, a dificuldade do PAA chegar até as famílias em maior vulnerabilidade social, e problemas operacionais e logísticos (atraso na liberação dos recursos, dificuldades com o transporte dos produtos, obtenção da DAP, falta de assistência técnica etc.). Finalmente, são propostas algumas questões que instigam tanto avaliações do Programa quanto temas de pesquisa para as ciências sociais

ANALYSIS OF THE SHOTS TO GOAL STRATEGIES OF FIRST DIVISION BRAZILIAN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER TEAMS

The purpose of this study was to analyze the shots to goal strategies during four soccer matches, through computational tracking. Software Dvideow was used to obtain data about players’ position and their technical actions and data treatment was performed in Matlab® environment. The results showed that the teams usually win the ball possession in their defensive soccer field and ball possessions that resulted in shot to goal can involve few or great number of passes depending on the game situation. Results do not corroborate with literature studies due to different methods of data treatment. Information about to these shots to goal strategies can help coaches to improve technical training, to find possible team mistakes and present it to players

Qualidade de vida de pessoas convivendo com HIV/aids: relação temporal, sociodemográfica e perceptiva da saúde

Objetivo: analizar la calidad de vida de personas con HIV/SIDA y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y satisfacción con salud, así como con el tiempo de diagnóstico. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, con muestra de 100 personas seropositivas acompañadas en servicio especializado en la región sureste de Brasil. Se utilizaron formularios sociodemográfico y de salud, y también el WHOQOL-HIV Bref (forma abreviada de instrumento validado en la evaluación de la calidad de vida). Se empleó el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: la percepción de la calidad de vida fue intermedia en todos los dominios de la calidad de vida. Se identificó relación entre mayor satisfacción con salud y mejor calidad de vida, así como diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre dimensiones de la calidad de vida según género, situación de empleo, renta familiar, renta personal, orientación religiosa y tiempo de diagnóstico. Conclusiones: el tiempo de diagnóstico de la infección por el HIV posibilita reconfigurar la percepción de la calidad de vida, así como la espiritualidad; y las relaciones sociales pueden auxiliar en el enfrentamiento de la vivencia con esta enfermedad.Objective: to analyze the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, health satisfaction and time since diagnosis. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional study with a sample of 100 HIV positive people monitored in a specialized service in southeastern Brazil. Sociodemographic and health forms were applied, followed by the WHOQOL-HIV BREF, a short form instrument validated to evaluate the quality of life. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results: the perception of quality of life was intermediate in all quality of life domains. A relationship was identified between greater satisfaction with health and better quality of life, as well as statistically significant differences among the dimensions of quality of life according to gender, employment status, family income, personal income, religious beliefs and time since diagnosis. Conclusions: the time since the diagnosis of HIV infection enables reconfigurations in the perception of quality of life, while spirituality and social relationships can assist in coping with living with this disease.Objetivo: analisar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com HIV/aids e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas, satisfação com saúde, bem como tempo de diagnóstico. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, com amostra de 100 pessoas soropositivas acompanhadas em serviço especializado na região sudeste do Brasil. Utilizou-se formulários sociodemográfico e de saúde, seguido pelo WHOQOL-HIV Bref, forma abreviada de instrumento validado na avaliação da qualidade de vida. Empregou-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a percepção da qualidade de vida foi intermediária em todos os domínios da qualidade de vida. Identificou-se relação entre maior satisfação com saúde e melhor qualidade de vida, bem como diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre dimensões da qualidade de vida segundo gênero, situação empregatícia, renda familiar, renda pessoal, orientação religiosa e tempo de diagnóstico. Conclusões: o tempo de diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV possibilita reconfigurações na percepção da qualidade de vida, bem como a espiritualidade e as relações sociais podem auxiliar no enfrentamento da vivência com esta doença

Impact of acute exposure to air pollution on the cardiorespiratory performance of military firemen

The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of acute short-term exposure to air pollution on the cardiorespiratory performance of military fireman living and working in the city of Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-five healthy non-smoking firemen aged 24 to 45 years had about 1 h of exposure to low and high levels of air pollution. The tests consisted of two phases: phase A, in Bertioga, a town with low levels of air pollution, and phase B, in Cubatão, a polluted town, with a 7-day interval between phases. The volunteers remained in the cities (Bertioga/Cubatão) only for the time required to perform the tests. Cumulative load 10 ± 2 min-long exertion tests were performed on a treadmill, consisting of a 2-min stage at a load of 7 km/h, followed by increasing exertion of 1 km h-1 min-1 until the maximum individual limit. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in anaerobic threshold (AT) between Cubatão (35.04 ± 4.91 mL kg-1 min-1) and Bertioga (36.98 ± 5.62 mL kg-1 min-1; P = 0.01), in the heart rate at AT (AT HR; Cubatão 152.08 ± 14.86 bpm, Bertioga 157.44 ± 13.64 bpm; P = 0.001), and in percent maximal oxygen consumption at AT (AT%VO2max; Cubatão 64.56 ± 6.55%, Bertioga 67.40 ± 5.35%; P = 0.03). However, there were no differences in VO2max, maximal heart rate or velocity at AT (ATvel) observed in firemen between towns. The acute exposure to pollutants in Cubatão, SP, caused a significant reduction in the performance at submaximal levels of physical exertion.Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo Escola de Educação FísicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Centro de Medicina da Atividade Física e do EsporteUniversidade Católica de Goiás Centro de Estudos de Enfermagem e NutriçãoUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica ExperimentalUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Fisiopatologia ExperimentalUniversidade de Santo Amaro Faculdade de Medicina Programa de Pediatria AmbientalUniversidade Católica de Santos Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde ColetivaUNIFESP, EPM, Centro de Medicina da Atividade Física e do EsporteSciEL

Functional anatomy of the sternoglossus muscle of the tamandua tetradactyla (linnaeus, 1758)

The lesser anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla) (Linnaeus, 1758) presents a feed mechanism triggered thanks to the synergistic activity of the extrinsic muscles related to it, with the example sternoglossus muscle. This paper proposes characterizing this muscle, considering the origins and insertions, and discussing the results compared to similar species studied. Five anteaters donated by ICMBio were used. The samples were subjected to dissection procedures for access to the thoracic cavity and visualization of the muscle. The sternoglossus muscle of the lesser anteater originates on the side of the xiphoid process and continues with two bundles of muscles in the cranial direction that join near the base of the tongue, as part of its constitution. During the course of the muscle there is no connection to the hyoid bone and adjacent structures, connecting the cranium to the tongue, which justifies the nomenclature sternoglossus rather than sternohyoglossus. Thus, the combined muscle characteristics demonstrate a specific aspect within the analyzed species and highlight the main function performed by the muscles to move the tongue out of the oral cavity. Therefore, the absence of this muscle makes impossible the animal feed, since its directly related to the seizure of food through tongue

Le démantèlement des politiques publiques rurales et environnementales au Brésil

L'article traite des modalités du démantèlement récent des politiques publiques rurales et environnementales avec un recul de quelques années, en mobilisant l'examen de plusieurs volets : le foncier, l'agriculture familiale, le développement territorial rural, l'agroécologie et l'environnement. L'analyse porte sur les trois derniers gouvernements (Rousseff, Temer et Bolsonaro), à partir de l'approche du démantèlement de politiques publiques de Bauer et al. (Bauer MW, Jordan A, Green-Pedersen C, Heritier A. 2013. Dismantling public policy: preferences, strategies and effects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656646.001.0001). La méthode associe l'analyse documentaire des textes officiels, les statistiques portant sur les budgets et des entretiens auprès de décideurs et gestionnaires de ces politiques conduits dans le cadre de recherches initiées depuis 2012. Les transformations observées suggèrent l'intégration de différentes stratégies de démantèlement des politiques publiques, surtout depuis 2019. Moins utilisés durant les gouvernements Rousseff et Temer, ces mécanismes sont particulièrement mis en oeuvre dans le cadre conservateur et belligérant du gouvernement Bolsonaro, dont la base politique répond positivement à la destruction des dispositifs de régulation de l'État