Podcasts in the Chemistry Teaching

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) provide facilities in teaching through education. There are many new tools and methodologies that use ICT as a knowledge-building support, but that are not always related to pedagogical practice. The Podcast is an important technology that can be used in the classroom. Using this tool, it can make the most interactive chemistry class, fleeing the classroom routine. However, it is necessary to point out that the podcast is just one feature that should be incorporated into education and not a substitute. This paper describes the development of Chemistry Podcasts by teachers and chemistry students in three disciplines in 2015. This study took place over a one-year period in a public University, in Pernambuco, Brazil. In the discipline of "Computer applied to the teaching of chemistry" participated 21 Chemistry teachers. In the disciplines of "Information and Communication Technologies in the teaching of chemistry" and "Informatics, Chemistry and Education" was composed of 54 undergraduate students in chemistry. Twelve podcasts were elaborated by students and five by teachers in this paper we present only nine. The results showed the contribution of podcasts produced by teachers and students in teaching and learning process chemistry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v0i0.89

Podcasts in the Chemistry Teaching

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) provide facilities in teaching through education. There are many new tools and methodologies that use ICT as a knowledge-building support, but that are not always related to pedagogical practice. The Podcast is an important technology that can be used in the classroom. Using this tool, it can make the most interactive chemistry class, fleeing the classroom routine. However, it is necessary to point out that the podcast is just one feature that should be incorporated into education and not a substitute. This paper describes the development of Chemistry Podcasts by teachers and chemistry students in three disciplines in 2015. This study took place over a one-year period in a public University, in Pernambuco, Brazil. In the discipline of "Computer applied to the teaching of chemistry" participated 21 Chemistry teachers. In the disciplines of "Information and Communication Technologies in the teaching of chemistry" and "Informatics, Chemistry and Education" was composed of 54 undergraduate students in chemistry. Twelve podcasts were elaborated by students and five by teachers in this paper we present only nine. The results showed the contribution of podcasts produced by teachers and students in teaching and learning process chemistry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v0i0.89

La piccolezza dei corpicelli: O conceito de doença epidêmica e contagiosa segundo Estêvão Rodrigues de Castro

In the early seventeenth century, the Portuguese physician Estêvão Rodrigues de Castro (1559-1638) proposed an innovative understanding of epidemic and contagious diseases based upon a brand new philosophy of nature. His conception of those morbid manifestations was strictly connected with his theory of the composition of things. In the book De meteoris microcosmi (1621), Estevão Rodrigues launched the principles on which he established his entire medical theory and practice, demonstrating that, in the early-modern period, philosophy was a propaedeutic discipline to medical thought. His theory consists by and large of a synthesis of pneumatic and atomist philosophies. Those principles were expanded in the books Compendio (1630) and Il curioso (1631), written and published at the same time of the outbreak of a plague in northern Italy, in 1630-33, with the purpose of defining what should be conceived as a universal disease (i.e. epidemic). His theory was considered an alternative to the one suggested, few decades earlier, by Girolamo Fracastoro in his De contagione (1546). Although influenced by many elements of Lucretian philosophy, Fracastoro’s proposal explained the mechanism of contagion through the use of an Empedoclean notion of sympathy.Keywords: medical thought, theories of diseases, early-modern medicine.No século XVII, o médico português Estêvão Rodrigues de Castro (1559-1638) formulou uma inovadora interpretação acerca da natureza e da causa das doenças epidêmicas e contagiosas baseando-se numa nova filosofia da natureza. O modo como concebia essas manifestações morbosas estava estreitamente conectado com o modo como ele concebia a natureza da matéria. Em 1621, no livro De meteoris microcosmi, Castro formulou uma nova teoria da matéria que alteraria todos os pressupostos usados na medicina clássica, ilustrando como, na época moderna, o conhecimento filosófico era um saber propedêutico ao saber médico. Sua teoria consistiu num amálgama de noções pneumáticas e atomistas. Em 1630 e 1631, nos livros Compendio e Il curioso, publicados durante o surto pestilencial que atingiu Florença entre os anos 1630-1633, Castro nos mostra como, pela alteração de sua filosofia da matéria, ele altera a sua concepção de doença epidêmica e contagiosa propondo uma nova teoria dos males universais. Sua nova teoria aparece então como uma alternativa àquela proposta por Girolamo Fracastoro em 1546 na sua obra De contagione e em voga nas cidades europeias. Apesar de se basear no pensamento atomista, a teoria fracastoriana ainda se fixava extensamente em noções empedocleanas acerca da matéria, matriz essa também empregada na filosofia de base aristotélica.Palavras-chave: pensamento médico, teorias das doenças, medicina na época moderna

Fishes from the Upper Jurassic of Torres Vedras, Portugal

In this study, fossil hybodontiform and neopterygian specimens from the Upper Jurassic of Torres Vedras are reported. Material was collected on the surface of the marine deposits at the top of Praia Azul Member, Lourinhã Formation, dating between upper Kimmeridgian-lower Tithonian; and on the surface of the transitional deposits of Cambelas fossil site, Freixial Formation, dating between middle-upper Tithonian, Upper Jurassic. Fossils are housed in the CI2Paleo of Sociedade de História Natural, in Torres Vedras. Hybodontiforms are represented by 30 isolated teeth, which are attributed to Hybodus cf. reticulatus, as per diagnostic evidences on the main cusp, cutting-edges, and, especially, the root. Neopterygians are represented by 29 isolated or partially associated body scale specimens, diagnosed as cf. Ginglymodi; and 64 isolated and partially articulated prearticular and vomerine teeth referred to Pycnodontiformes indet. This work hopefully improves our understanding about the fish diversity and occurrences of the Upper Jurassic of Portugal; Resumo: Neste estudo são reportados exemplares fósseis de hybodontiformes e neopterígios do Jurássico Superior de Torres Vedras. Este material foi recolhido à superfície dos depósitos marinhos no topo do Membro da Praia Azul, Formação da Lourinhã, datando o Kimmeridgiano superior-Tithoniano inferior; e à superfície dos depósitos transicionais da jazida fóssil de Cambelas, Formação do Freixial, datando o Tithoniano médio-superior, Jurássico Superior. Os fósseis estão alojados no CI2Paleo da Sociedade de História Natural, em Torres Vedras. Os hybodontiformes são representados por 30 dentes isolados, atribuídos a Hybodus cf. reticulatus, conforme evidências diagnósticas na cúspide principal, bordo cortante e, especialmente, a raiz. Os neopterígios são representados por 29 espécimes de escamas corporais isoladas ou parcialmente associadas, diagnosticadas como cf. Ginglymodi; e 64 dentes pré-articulares e vomerinos isolados e parcialmente articulados, atribuídos a Pycnodontiformes indet. Esperançosamente, este trabalho aprimora a nossa compreensão acerca da diversidade e ocorrências dos peixes do Jurássico Superior de Portugal

A contribuição das tecnologias da informação e comunicação na formação continuada de professores: um estudo de caso em um curso de especialização no ensino de Química

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a contribuição da disciplina de Informática Aplicada ao Ensino de Química, na formação de professores de química, realizada durante um semestre, no curso de especialização no ensino de química na Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Mata Sul,em Pernambuco-Brasil. Inicialmente, os professores discutiram sobre algumas teorias voltadas a utilização das TIC na educação, posteriormente manusearam algumas ferramentas das TIC, identificando as possibilidades de seus usos em sala de aula. Ao final da disciplina responderam ao questionário de avaliação proposto. Os resultados reforçam a percepção de que a incorporação de disciplinas em cursos de formação de professores, voltadas para a capacitação no uso das TIC em sala de aula, pode contribuir sobremaneira para um processo de ensino e aprendizagem mais atrativo, amplo e flexível

Quem fala do quê nas notícias de saúde do público em 2009 : uma análise crítica

A ciência e a saúde ocupam um lugar de destaque no contexto da cobertura mediática, levando os meios de comunicação social a apresentar diariamente um vasto leque de notícias desse âmbito. Inúmeras vozes e opiniões são escritas e expressas nos vários meios de comunicação social, lançando para as audiências visões e experiências sobre as duas temáticas. Este artigo propõe-se a analisar, de um ponto de vista crítico, que tipo de vozes e assuntos são marcantes nas notícias sobre saúde no “Público”, um jornal de referência no contexto nacional.Science and health occupy a prominent place within the scope of media coverage, which leading the media to present regularly a wide range of related issues. Numerous voices and opinions are written and expressed in different media, pitching various views and experiences on the two themes to a wide audience. This article proposes to critically examine the kinds of voices and issues related to health that are most prominent in the "Público", a nationally distributed newspaper with a wide readership

Religious identity, religious practice, and religious beliefs across countries and world regions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure and measurement invariance of the religious identity, religious practice, and religious beliefs across cultures in six world regions (Asia, non-Western Europe, North America, Oceania, South America, and Western Europe) and across Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic regions (WEIRD) and non-WEIRD world regions. Confirmatory factory analysis examined whether the hypothesized measurement model fits the data; several multi-group confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine measurement invariance through a progressive analytic strategy involving three invariance conditions of configural, metric, and scalar invariance. The results generally supported the adequate fit to the data of the three correlated factors model (religious identity-RII, religious practice-RPI, and religious beliefs—RBI); it was found to be full metric invariance for WEIRD regions (RII), North America (RII and RBI), Western Europe (RII) and Non-Western Europe (RII), and South America (RII and RBI). Finally, for RII, it was found to be full configural invariance in almost all regions, except North America and Oceania; for RPI, it was found to be full configural only in North America and Non-WEIRD regions; and for RBI, it was found to be full configural only in North America, Asia, and South America, being that women scored significantly higher than men in all three indices all over the world; finally, it was found to be configural, but not metric or scalar invariance across WEIRD and non-WEIRD world regions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Restoration and Transformation: The Response of Shocked and Oxidized Magnetite to Temperature

Large impact craters on Earth are associated with prominent magnetic anomalies, residing in magnetite of the shocked target rocks and impactites. Shock experiments on magnetite suggest that up to 90% of magnetic susceptibility is lost at pressures >5 GPa, but can be partially restored by post-shock thermal annealing. The magnetic property changes are caused by shock induced grain size reduction and fragmentation, as well as domain wall-pinning at crystal lattice defects. A recent study of granitoids from the peak-ring of the Chicxulub crater found that annealing may occur naturally, but can also be overprinted by high-temperature hematite-to-magnetite transformation in non-oxidizing environments. In this study, we isolate the effect of defect annealing and hematite-to-magnetite transformation using the evolution of hysteresis, isothermal remanent magnetization components and first order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams at different high-temperature steps. We used a laboratory-shocked magnetite-quartz ore, a non-shocked naturally oxidized granite, and a naturally shocked and oxidized granite. Our findings suggest that annealing of shock-induced lattice defects partially restores some pre-shock magnetic behavior and causes an apparent average bulk-sample domain state increase. Hematite-to-magnetite transformation creates new fine-grained magnetite that strongly overprints the original signal, and decreases the average bulk-sample domain state. Where annealing and hematite-to-magnetite transformation both occur, the new magnetite masks the annealing-induced property restoration and apparent domain state modification in the shocked magnetite. As magnetite oxidation is a ubiquitous process in surface rocks, these findings are fundamental to understand hematite-to-magnetite transformation as a potential overprint mechanism, and could have broad implications for paleomagnetic interpretations

Aplicação da tecnologia de homogeneização à alta pressão na modificação de enzimas coagulantes do leite

Orientadores: Marcelo Cristianini, Alline Artigiani Lima TribstDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: A homogeneização à alta pressão (HAP) é um processo capaz de alterar a conformação e funcionalidade de enzimas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (i) avaliar a influência da HAP até 190 MPa nas atividades proteolítica e de coagulação do leite bem como na estabilidade de quatro enzimas coagulantes do leite, (ii) acompanhar o processo de coagulação por ensaios reológicos e (iii) avaliar o desenvolvimento dos géis por 24 horas por meio das análises de proteólise, sinérese, reologia e microscopia. As avaliações foram feitas comparando-se os resultados obtidos com as enzimas processadas e não processadas. O coalho de vitelo processado a 190 MPa apresentou redução de 52% na atividade proteolítica, aumento da taxa de coagulação do leite e gel formado mais consistente. A avaliação deste gel por 24h indicou a formação de uma rede proteica com menor proteólise, maior sinérese, maior consistência e menor porosidade. Após processamento a 150 MPa, o coalho de bovino adulto apresentou redução da atividade proteolítica, aumento da atividade e estabilidade de coagulação do leite, maior taxa de coagulação do leite e formação de gel com maior consistência. O gel se mostrou mais compacto, firme e com maior expulsão do soro da matriz proteica nas 24h em que foi avaliado. A protease fúngica do Rhizomucor miehei foi a enzima mais resistente ao processo de HAP, sofrendo mínima ou nenhuma alteração na atividade proteolítica e de coagulação do leite quando processada até 190 MPa em diferentes concentrações e em múltiplos processos consecutivos. Entretanto, na avaliação reológica da coagulação do leite utilizando-se a protease fúngica homogeneizada a 190 MPa por até 3 ciclos ou quando homogeneizada a 190 MPa em soluções com concetração de 20 % foi observado aumento da consistência do gel. Para pepsina suína, as alterações na atividade proteolítica e de coagulação do leite só foram observadas durante a estocagem, com redução na atividade proteolítica e um aumento na atividade de coagulação do leite para enzima processada a 150 MPa. No entanto, esta enzima processada promoveu uma coagulação do leite mais rápida formando um gel mais consistente, mesmo imediatamente após o processamento por HAP. Durante a observação deste gel por 24h, este se mostrou mais compacto, firme, menos poroso e com maior liberação de soro da matriz proteica. De uma forma geral foi possível concluir que as maiores pressões aplicadas (150 MPa e 190 MPa) afetaram positivamente as enzimas avaliadas, com redução da atividade proteolítica inespecífica e aumento da atividade de coagulação de leite, com consequente formação de géis com menores níveis de proteólise, o que favorece a manutenção da rede proteica rígida, firme e coesa. Desta forma, conclui-se que a HAP é um processo promissor que pode ser aplicado como uma tecnologia para melhorar as características hidrolíticas das enzimas coagulantes do leite, especialmente quando se deseja diminuir atividade proteolítica e aumentar sua atividade de coagulação do leite. Além disso, a menor proteólise no gel pode resultar numa extensão da vida de prateleira de queijos frescos, por, possivelmente, reduzir a formação de compostos de sabor indesejávelAbstract: High pressure homogenization (HPH) is a process that can alter the conformation and functionality of enzymes. The objectives of this study were: (i) evaluate the influence of HPH up to 190 MPa on the proteolytic and milk-clotting activities and stability of four milk-clotting enzymes, (ii) monitor the coagulation process by rheological assays and (iii) evaluate the gel development for 24 hours analyzing proteolysis, syneresis, rheological and microstructural behavior. The evaluations were performed by comparing the results between the processed and non-processed enzymes. The calf rennet processed at 190 MPa decreased 52 % its proteolytic activity, increased the rate of milk-clotting and a more consistent gel was formed. The evaluation of the gel for 24 hours indicated the formation of a protein network with lower proteolysis, higher syneresis, higher consistency and lower porosity. After processing at 150 MPa adult bovine rennet showed a reduction proteolytic activity, increase activity and stability of milk-clotting, higher milk-clotting rate and formed more consistent gels. This gel was more compact, firm and higher whey separation of protein matrix during the 24 hours of evaluation. The fungal protease from Rhizomucor miehei was the most resistant enzyme to the HPH process, showing minimal or no change in proteolytic activity and milk coagulation when processed up to 190 MPa at different concentrations and multiple consecutive processes. However, in the rheological evaluation of milk coagulation using fungal protease homogenized to 190 MPa for up 3 cycles or when homogenized in a solution with a concentration of 20% observed increase in the consistency of the gel. For porcine pepsin, changes on proteolytic activity and milk coagulation were only observed during storage, with reduction of proteolytic activity and an increase on the milk-clotting activity for the enzyme processed at 150 MPa. However, this enzyme promoted a faster coagulation of milk forming more consistent gel immediately after the processing by HPH. During the observation of this gel for 24 hours, this was more compact, firm, less porous and more release of whey of the protein matrix. Overall it was concluded that the highest applied pressures (150 MPa and 190 MPa) positively affected the enzymes with reduced nonspecific proteolytic activity and increased milk-clotting activity, with consequent formation of gels with lower levels of proteolysis, which favors the maintenance of a network of protein rigid, firm and cohesive. Thus, it is concluded that HPH is a promising process that can be applied as a technology to improve the hydrolytic characteristics of milk coagulating enzymes, especially to reduce proteolytic activity and increase the milk-clotting activity. Furthermore, the lower proteolysis in the gel may result in an extension of the shelf life of fresh cheese, by possibly reducing the formation of bitterness flavorMestradoTecnologia de AlimentosMestre em Tecnologia de Alimento