Utilização de tecnologias low cost para a produção, colheita e secagem de biomassa microalgal: comparação com as tecnologias convencionais

Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da produção, colheita e secagem da biomassa microalgal de Neochloris oleoabundans com recurso a tecnologias de baixo custo. Adicionalmente, estudou-se a viabilidade da biomassa produzida em reatores de colunas de bolhas, em manga de polietileno e num fotobioreator planar alveolar, como matéria-prima para a produção de biodiesel. Foi estudada a influência do tipo de iluminação no crescimento da microalga, sendo que as lâmpadas LED’s conduziram a uma economia de 54,8% de energia face à iluminação com lâmpadas fluorescentes. No método de recolha da biomassa, a eletrocoagulação originou poupanças energéticas máximas de 71,8% e de 79,8% para culturas não salinas e salinas, respetivamente, em comparação com a centrifugação (usada como único método de colheita). Para a secagem da biomassa, a utilização de um secador solar permitiu uma poupança de energia de 80%, comparativamente à estufa. A biomassa microalgal que apresentou teores lipídicos mais elevados foi obtida em reatores de colunas de bolhas, com adição de 15 g/l de NaCl desde o início da cultura (lâmpadas fluorescentes) e 15 g/l de NaCl após escassez de nitratos (lâmpadas LED’s), tendo como valores 0,434 g lípidos/l cultura e 0,253 g lípidos/l cultura, respetivamente. A fração lipídica mostrou ser essencialmente constituída por ácidos gordos insaturados, em particular C16:0, C18:1 e C18:2 mas, nalgumas condições, também C18:0 e C18:3 em quantidades apreciáveis. No geral, os teores de ácido linolénico (C18:3) e o índice de iodo das diferentes culturas mostraram estar dentro das especificações da norma europeia EN 14214 (< 12% e 120 g I2/100 g, respetivamente).The goal of the present work was to evaluate the viability of low cost technologies to culturing, harvesting and dewatering the microalga Neochloris oleoabundans biomass to biodiesel production. It has been analyzed the influence of the type of illumination on the microalgae growth, which lead to an energy economy of 54,8% when using LED’s to illuminate the cultures, compared to the illumination with fluorescent bulbs. The electrocoagulation, as an innovative harvesting method has originated a maximum energetic saving of 71,8% and 79,8% for saline and non-saline cultures, respectively, in comparison with the centrifugation (used as the only harvesting method). Concerning the biomass drying, the use of a solar drier, has allowed an energy economy of 80% compared to the oven. The microalgae biomass, which presented the highest lipid content was obtained in bubble column reactors with the addition of 15 g/l NaCl since the beginning of the culture (fluorescent bulbs) and 15 g/l of NaCl after the nitrate deplection (LED’s bulbs), having as results 0,434 g lipids/l culture and 0,253 g lipids/l culture, respectively. The lipid fraction, revealed to be essentially composed by unsaturated fatty acids, particularly C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2 but in some conditions, also C18:0 e C18:3 in appreciable quantities. In generally, the linolenic acid (C18:3) amount and the iodine value of de different cultures proved to be according to the specifications of the European Standard EN 14214 (< 12% and 120 g I2/100 g, respectively)

Intervenção psicomotora em saúde mental em contexto sócio ocupacional : intervenção com adultos com perturbações da saúde mental no Fórum Sócio Ocupacional do Grupo de Ação Comunitária

O presente relatório apresenta e descreve o percurso efetuado nas atividades de estágio no âmbito do 2º ano do Mestrado em Reabilitação Psicomotora na Faculdade de Motricidade Humana – Universidade de Lisboa. O relatório de estágio que se apresenta envolve uma contextualização das perturbações observadas bem como a descrição da intervenção psicomotora efetuada no Fórum Sócio Ocupacional do Grupo de Ação Comunitária, no âmbito da Saúde Mental Comunitária. As atividades desenvolvidas visaram estimular as capacidades de planeamento, avaliação e intervenção psicomotoras por parte da aluna, no contexto de intervenção onde se inseria, visando também a coordenação do seu trabalho com outros profissionais e com a comunidade. Ao longo do estágio foram desenvolvidas sessões de Psicomotricidade em grupo e individuais, bem como outras atividades relacionadas com a psicomotricidade fora das sessões. Durante o estágio foram ainda realizados dois estudos de caso e elaboradas sessões tendo em vista avaliações inicial e final efetuadas. Conclui-se no final deste relatório que a intervenção em Psicomotricidade em saúde mental em contexto comunitário é pertinente tendo em conta os resultados da avaliação efetuada.This report presents and describes the journey made throughout the internship activities within the 2nd year of Psychomotor Rehabilitation’s Masters Degree on Faculty of Human Kinetics – University of Lisbon. This internship report involves a contextualization of the observed disorders as well as a description of the psychomotor intervention that was made at the Fórum Sócio Ocupacional of the Grupo de Ação Comunitária, within the Community Mental Health. The activities developed meant to stimulate planning, evaluation and psychomotor intervention abilities by the student, at her intervention context, making her also able to coordinate her work and intervention with other professionals and with the community. Throughout the internship were developed psychomotricity group and individual sessions as well as other psychomotricity related activities beyond the sessions themselves. Throughout the internship were still developed two case studies and performed sessions based on initial and final evaluations. At the end of this report we conclude that the intervention in psychomotricity in mental health at a community context is pertinent, as we were able to see improvements in the final evaluation

Género, cultura e sexualidade em jovens portuguesas e portugueses : um programa de educação sexual

Apesar da legislação criada em Portugal relativamente à educação sexual, dois dos principais problemas que esses programas procuram combater, mantêm-se (gravidez adolescente e VIH/SIDA) talvez porque os programas têm negligenciado a importância do género e da cultura de classe, étnica, regional e local. Tendo estes aspectos como pano de fundo foi construído um programa de educação sexual assente nos pressupostos de que: (1) o duplo padrão sexual que inscreve, em homens e mulheres, diferentes formas de vivenciar a o romance e o prazer/desejo, pode ser questionado e descontruído; (2) as diferentes classes sociais e culturas étnicas e locais têm crenças diferenciadas acerca do duplo padrão sexual que importa compreender; (3) a promoção da autonomia, o combate ao preconceito e a informação/reflexão adequada são aspectos essenciais para a estruturação de comportamentos responsáveis no relacionamento sexual, estimulando comportamentos assertivos, a negociação e a tomada de decisão face ao uso do preservativo e ao controlo da natalidade e à sua vida sexual em geral. Na convicção de que os programas e campanhas de educação nacional, não podem ser de âmbito nacional, este programa está estruturado de forma a ir de encontro às necessidades dos alunos e alunas, oferecendo actividades flexíveis, evitando a informação definida à priori e estimulando a reflexão. Subjacente a todo o programa está a promoção do respeito pelas diferenças, e a reflexão acerca de um projecto de vida no que diz respeito à vida amorosa e sexual. O programa será avaliado não só pelos produtos realizados pelos grupos, mas ainda através de um préteste e pós-teste que consiste na aplicação da Sexual Double Standard Scale (Muehlenhard & Quackenbush, 1996), adaptada para a população portuguesa

The person within: parents and professionals’ views about the practitioner’s role in a parenting program

Practitioners’ characteristics and actions influence the implementation of evidence-based programs, but little is known about the practitioner’s role in the implementation of parent-based programs. The present qualitative study is the first to explore the perceptions of parents and professionals regarding the practitioners’ characteristics and actions which influence the implementation of a parent program directed at children’s behavior problems. Using thematic analysis, data were examined from eight focus groups comprising 24 parents and 19 practitioners who have participated in the Incredible Years parent group program (IYPP). The analysis identified three groups of practitioners’ characteristics perceived to impact the implementation of the IYPP: inferred interpersonal characteristics (genuine interest; empathy and warmth; positive regard; humbleness); inferred intrapersonal characteristics (objectivity; flexibility; well-being; reflexiveness) and objective characteristics (similar age; being a parent; clinical professional background; professional experience with children and the IYPP). These personal characteristics are perceived as serving to underpin practitioners’ actions, and an integrated framework model is proposed where specific practitioners’ actions are understood in relation to personal characteristics. Inferred characteristics are perceived as determinants in the intervention process while objective characteristics are seen as facilitators of parent engagement in the earliest stages of intervention. Finally, most of the characteristics and actions perceived as relevant in this study are contemplated in the IYPP model; however, the practitioners’ intrapersonal well-being, self-reflexiveness and genuineness emerged as characteristics which may merit further consideration. The results from this study suggest that in the IYPP the person of the practitioner may indeed be worthy of more critical examination.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Exploring the Effect of Hierarchical Porosity in BEA Zeolite in Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Furan and Benzofuran

Hierarchical BEA zeolite was prepared through desilication or desilication followed by acid treatment. The catalytic performance of BEA zeolite samples was evaluated using Friedel-Crafts acylations with two substrates of different molecular sizes, furan (5.7 Å) and benzofuran (6.9 Å), in the presence of acetic anhydride as acylating agent. The application of the simplified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model showed that the size of the substrate leads to different catalytic activities, with improved rate constant and turnover frequency (TOF) solely in the presence of benzofuran for both desilicated and further acid treated samples. The mesopores developed during the zeolite treatments have an important role as transportation channels by reducing diffusion limitations. The application of Quantitative Structure–Property Relationships (QSPR) allowed the finding of the most relevant properties of the zeolite and substrate with impact on the catalytic parameters.publishe

The Influence of Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds on the Solvolyses of Tertiary Alkyl Halides: a Grunwald-Winstein Analysis

The influence of carbon-carbon multiple bonds on the solvolyses of 3-chloro-3-methylbutyne (1), 2-chloro-2-phenylpropane (2), 2-bromo-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane (3), 4-chloro-4-methyl-2-pentyne (4) and 2-chloro-2-methylbutane (5) is critically evaluated through the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation. Substrates 1, 3 and 5 lead to correlations with unexpected negative sensitivity, h, to changes in the aromatic ring parameter, I. It is claimed that I is not a pure parameter, reflecting also some solvent nucleophilicity, NOTs, character. In substrates 2 and 4 the possibility of rearside solvation is reduced due to steric hindrance and/or cation stabilization and the best found correlations involve only the solvent ionizing power, Y, and I

A comprehensive assessment of the transcriptome of cork oak (Quercus suber) through EST sequencing

Background: Cork oak (Quercus suber) is one of the rare trees with the ability to produce cork, a material widely used to make wine bottle stoppers, flooring and insulation materials, among many other uses. The molecular mechanisms of cork formation are still poorly understood, in great part due to the difficulty in studying a species with a long life-cycle and for which there is scarce molecular/genomic information. Cork oak forests are of great ecological importance and represent a major economic and social resource in Southern Europe and Northern Africa. However, global warming is threatening the cork oak forests by imposing thermal, hydric and many types of novel biotic stresses. Despite the economic and social value of the Q. suber species, few genomic resources have been developed, useful for biotechnological applications and improved forest management. Results: We generated in excess of 7 million sequence reads, by pyrosequencing 21 normalized cDNA libraries derived from multiple Q. suber tissues and organs, developmental stages and physiological conditions. We deployed a stringent sequence processing and assembly pipeline that resulted in the identification of ~159,000 unigenes. These were annotated according to their similarity to known plant genes, to known Interpro domains, GO classes and E.C. numbers. The phylogenetic extent of this ESTs set was investigated, and we found that cork oak revealed a significant new gene space that is not covered by other model species or EST sequencing projects. The raw data, as well as the full annotated assembly, are now available to the community in a dedicated web portal at http://www.corkoakdb.org. Conclusions: This genomic resource represents the first trancriptome study in a cork producing species. It can be explored to develop new tools and approaches to understand stress responses and developmental processes in forest trees, as well as the molecular cascades underlying cork differentiation and disease response.Peer Reviewe

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Population genetic structure of Cistus ladanifer L. (Cistaceae) and genetic differentiation from co-occurring Cistus species

Amplified fragment length polymorphism and inter simple sequence repeat markers were used to assess the genetic structure of Cistus ladanifer and its genetic differentiation from co-occurring Cistus species. Clear genetic differentiation was found between two populations corresponding to the morphological description of Cistus palhinhae and the 23 Cistus ladanifer populations analyzed. However, the magnitude of differentiation (DICE coefficients > 0.98) appears to be more in agreement with the taxonomic designation of Cistus ladanifer ssp. sulcatus, which has been proposed by some authors, and not C. palhinhae. Dendrogram analysis of the genetic relationships among Cistus ladanifer, Cistus populifolius, Cistus monspeliensis, Cistus crispus, Cistus libanotis, Cistus salvifolius and Cistus albidus, with Halimium halimifolium as an outgroup, showed two main clusters. Taxa composition of these clusters concurs with the taxonomic classification proposed for Iberian species on the basis of flower color. One cluster comprised species with pink flowers (C. crispus and C. albidus, P = 81.3%) classified into the subgenus Cistus, and the other cluster contained the remaining five species (P = 77.9%) that have white flowers and are classified into two subgenera, Leucocistus (C. ladanifer, C. populifolius, C. salvifolius and C. monspeliensis) and Halimioides (C. libanotis). Within the subgenera Leucocistus, C. ladanifer was found to be distinct and can be separated into the section Ladanium, while the remaining species that are grouped together in a branch (P = 74.8%) can be separated into the section Ledonia