Natural language processing

Beginning with the basic issues of NLP, this chapter aims to chart the major research activities in this area since the last ARIST Chapter in 1996 (Haas, 1996), including: (i) natural language text processing systems - text summarization, information extraction, information retrieval, etc., including domain-specific applications; (ii) natural language interfaces; (iii) NLP in the context of www and digital libraries ; and (iv) evaluation of NLP systems

Fatores de atraso na alta hospitalar em hospitais de ensino

OBJETIVO Analisar os motivos de atraso na alta hospitalar de pacientes internados em enfermarias de clínica médica. MÉTODOS Foram analisados 395 prontuários de pacientes consecutivos das enfermarias de clínica médica de dois hospitais públicos de ensino: Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e Hospital Odilon Behrens. Foi utilizado o Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol para definir o momento a partir do qual as anotações do prontuário permitiam concluir que a permanência no hospital não mais era adequada. O intervalo entre esse momento e a data da alta hospitalar efetivada definiu o total de dias de atraso na alta hospitalar. Foi utilizado, sistematicamente, instrumento para categorizar os motivos de atraso da alta hospitalar, tendo sido realizada análise de frequências. RESULTADOS O atraso na alta hospitalar ocorreu em 60,0% das 207 internações do Hospital das Clínicas e em 58,0% das 188 internações do Hospital Odilon Behrens. O atraso por paciente foi em média de 4,5 dias no primeiro e 4,1 dias no segundo, o que corresponde à taxa de ocupação de 23,0% e 28,0% em cada hospital, respectivamente. Os principais motivos de atraso nos dois hospitais foram, respectivamente: espera para realização de exames complementares (30,6% e 34,7%) ou para liberação dos laudos dos exames (22,4% e 11,9%) e os relacionados à responsabilidade médica (36,2% e 26,1%), compreendendo a demora na discussão do caso clínico e na tomada de decisão clínica e dificuldades nas interconsultas, respectivamente (20,4% e 9,1%). CONCLUSÕES Foi constatado percentual elevado de atraso na alta hospitalar nos dois hospitais. O atraso foi devido principalmente a fatores relacionados a processos, que podem ser melhorados por intervenções da equipe assistencial e dos gestores. O impacto na média de permanência hospitalar e na taxa de ocupação foi expressivo e preocupante, num cenário de relativa escassez de leitos e longas esperas por internação

Le résumé automatique des textes scientifiques et techniques : aspects linguistiques et computationnels : réalisation d'un prototype procédant par extraction de phrases du texte source : le système de Résumé Automatique à Fragments Indicateurs (RAFI)

The automatic text summary concerns the language. This thesis proposes a system automatically and directly transforming a source text into a reduced target text. It based on the identification of specific expressions allowing an evaluation of the relevance of the sentence concerned, which can then be selected for the elaboration of the summary. The procedure consists in attributing a score to each sentence of the text and then eliminating those having the lowest score. To produce RAFI (automatic summary based on indicative fragments) we resorted to the linguistic means of discourse analysis and the computing capacity of data processing instruments.Le résumé de texte automatique s'inscrit dans le cadre des industries de la langue. Notre travail propose un système qui transforme automatiquement un texte source brut en un texte cible plus réduit. Ce système traite uniquement les textes scientifiques et techniques. Le système est fondé sur la reconnaissance d'éléments phrastiques qui lui permet d'évaluer la pertinence de la phrase en vue d'une éventuelle sélection pour la construction du résumé. La méthode mise en œuvre cherche à donner un score a toutes les phrases du texte et ensuite à procéder à l'élimination de celles ayant obtenu les scores les plus bas et de celles ayant réalisé un score nul. Nous avons fait appel, pour la réalisation du système RAFI (résumé automatique à fragments indicateurs), aux moyens linguistiques d'analyse du discours et aux capacités de calcul des outils informatiques

Letter from F. Lehmam to L. De Bona requesting cornmeal and sugar.

Leonard de Bona was a businessman, possibly of Italian descent, in Eagle Pass, Texas, who ran a hardware and supply store in that area for nearly 20 years. He served as a point of contact for customers throughout South Texas and nearby Mexico, providing not only hardware but food, clothing, and sundries. He had business contacts in San Antonio, Chicago, and abroad (Central Mexico, Italy, and other locations.)Archive of Correspondence relating to L. de Bona's Eagle Pass Hardware and Supply Store from 1887-1903 and undated. Approximately 500 letters, varying states of condition, some browning. An important archive for a businessman on the border in Eagle Pass, Texas with nearly 500 letters, most from neighboring Texas communities, order supplies.Organized by the following series: Correspondence and ChronologicalBona, L. de, Papers, 1887-1903 and undated, Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texa

Letter from F. Lehmam to L. De Bona requesting cornmeal and boxes of birdseed.

Leonard de Bona was a businessman, possibly of Italian descent, in Eagle Pass, Texas, who ran a hardware and supply store in that area for nearly 20 years. He served as a point of contact for customers throughout South Texas and nearby Mexico, providing not only hardware but food, clothing, and sundries. He had business contacts in San Antonio, Chicago, and abroad (Central Mexico, Italy, and other locations.)Archive of Correspondence relating to L. de Bona's Eagle Pass Hardware and Supply Store from 1887-1903 and undated. Approximately 500 letters, varying states of condition, some browning. An important archive for a businessman on the border in Eagle Pass, Texas with nearly 500 letters, most from neighboring Texas communities, order supplies.Organized by the following series: Correspondence and ChronologicalBona, L. de, Papers, 1887-1903 and undated, Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texa

Letter from F. Lehmam to L. De Bona requesting a barrel of flour.

Leonard de Bona was a businessman, possibly of Italian descent, in Eagle Pass, Texas, who ran a hardware and supply store in that area for nearly 20 years. He served as a point of contact for customers throughout South Texas and nearby Mexico, providing not only hardware but food, clothing, and sundries. He had business contacts in San Antonio, Chicago, and abroad (Central Mexico, Italy, and other locations.)Archive of Correspondence relating to L. de Bona's Eagle Pass Hardware and Supply Store from 1887-1903 and undated. Approximately 500 letters, varying states of condition, some browning. An important archive for a businessman on the border in Eagle Pass, Texas with nearly 500 letters, most from neighboring Texas communities, order supplies.Organized by the following series: Correspondence and ChronologicalBona, L. de, Papers, 1887-1903 and undated, Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texa