O USO E A COBERTURA DO SOLO COMO SUBSÍDIO NA METODOLOGIA PARA A APLICAÇÃO DO INSTRUMENTO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, O ENQUADRAMENTO SEGUNDO OS USOS PREPONDERANTES DA ÁGUA

Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação do enquadramento dos corpos de água em classes, segundo os usos preponderantes da água na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cubatão do Norte, em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Trata-se do instrumento da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos – Lei 9.433/97 que visa indicar a meta de qualidade a ser alcançada e/ou mantida para atender aos usos preponderantes da água atuais e futuros, de acordo com a classificação estabelecida pela Resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) n° 357/05. O objetivo principal foi identificar os usos da água e determinar a classificação que atende aos seus usos preponderantes para, assim, enquadrar os cursos d’água da bacia. Foi usado o método de conhecer o uso e a cobertura do solo atuais e futuros para determinar os usos da água. Resultou deste trabalho uma proposta de reenquadramento dos corpos d’água da bacia e uma comparação com o reenquadramento do Plano Diretor de Recursos Hídricos da Bacia do Rio Cubatão do Norte (PDRH-BRCN), de 2006

Desenvolvimento de uma centrífuga para remoção de óleo remanescente de embalagens de lubrificantes automotivos

With the growing environmental awareness and the need to reduce the negative impact of waste on nature, the extraction and commercialization of residual automotive oil from used containers have emerged as a sustainable approach. This article presents the design and development of a centrifuge to efficiently remove the residual oil from used automotive lubricant containers. The project is carried out through a technical cooperation with the Auto Speed Centro Automotivo mechanical workshop, located in the city of São Bento do Sul, SC. The main objective of this project is to significantly reduce the time required for the extraction of residual oil, replacing current processes that rely on gravity, take days to complete and are unable to completely eliminate the oil from the containers, allowing its correct disposal. The proposed centrifuge is designed to operate with standard 1 liter containers and allows, in a few minutes of processing, to achieve an extraction rate of up to 99.52% of the oil contained in the containers.Com a crescente conscientização ambiental e a necessidade de reduzir o impacto negativo dos resíduos na natureza, a extração e a comercialização do óleo automotivo remanescente de embalagens já utilizadas têm se destacado como uma abordagem sustentável. Este artigo apresenta o projeto e o desenvolvimento e testagem de uma centrífuga para remover eficientemente o óleo remanescente de embalagens de lubrificantes automotivos que já foram utilizadas. O projeto é realizado por meio de um acordo de cooperação técnico-científico com a oficina mecânica Auto Speed Centro Automotivo, localizada na cidade de São Bento do Sul/SC. O objetivo principal deste projeto é reduzir, de forma significativa, o tempo necessário para a extração do óleo remanescente, substituindo os processos atuais, que dependem da ação da gravidade e levam dias para serem concluídos, além de não serem capazes de eliminar completamente o óleo das embalagens, permitindo o seu descarte correto. A centrífuga proposta é projetada para operar com embalagens padrão de 1 litro e permite, em poucos minutos de processamento, alcançar o índice de extração de até 99,52% do óleo contido nas embalagens

Microstructure and metal-insulator transition in single crystalline KMo4O6

High quality KMo4O6 single crystals with tetragonal structure (space group P4/mbm) have been prepared by fused salt electrolysis. The crystals were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry, electrical resistivity, and magnetization measurements. X-ray powder diffraction patterns and SEM have given some information on the growth of single crystals. Electrical resistivity as a function of temperature shows that the KMo4O6 compound is a bad metal with resistivity change of approximately 30% in the temperature range from 2 to 300K. A metal-insulator transition (MIT), observed at approximately 110K, has been also confirmed for this material. Magnetization as a function of temperature agrees with previous report, however a magnetic ordering has been observed in M(H) curves in the whole temperature range

DESENVOLVIMENTO E ESTUDO DE DOIS SISTEMAS DE CONTROLE DE TEMPERATURA PARA ESCAMOTEADORES DE LEITÕES LACTENTES

Apresenta-se neste trabalho o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de dois sistemas decontrole de temperatura para escamoteadores de leitões lactentes. Em um dosescamoteadores foi instalado um piso térmico aquecido por fluxo de água. No outro,um sistema de lâmpadas que ligam e desligam automaticamente. Em ambos oscasos a temperatura interna dos escamoteadores é controlada para que os animaispermançam termicamente confortáveis. O desempenho produtivo foi avaliadoregistrando-se o número de leitões nascidos vivos e desmamados, assim como opeso ao nascimento e ao desmame. Os resultados ficaram dentro do consideradoideal

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Unconvetional Electrical Behavior in the KxMoO2-δ

Molibdatos têm atraído grande atenção devido à existência de compostos com caráter elétrico unidimensional como conseqüência da presença de cadeias contendo ligações de Mo-O ou Mo-Mo em suas estruturas cristalinas. Com o objetivo de estudar molibdatos com esta característica, amostras policristalinas do sistema K-Mo-O foram preparadas pelo método de reação de difusão no estado sólido e caracterizadas por difratometria de raios x, propriedades elétricas e magnéticas. Estes resultados demonstram a existência de uma nova fase neste sistema com estequiometria KxMoO2-&#948;. Medidas da resistência elétrica em função da temperatura deste material mostram comportamento metálico anômalo que está relacionado a um ordenamento antiferromagnético. Foi observado ainda que a anomalia na resistência elétrica em baixas temperaturas (T < TM) comporta-se segundo uma lei de potência com expoente próximo de 0,5, o que sugere que o comportamento elétrico do KxMoO2-&#948; pode ser descrito por um mecanismo de condutividade unidimensional.Molybdates have attracted great attention due to the existence of compounds which show one-dimensional electrical behavior as consequence of the channel containing Mo-O or Mo-Mo bonds in their crystalline structure. In order to study molybdates exhibiting onedimensional conductivity, polycrystalline samples of the K-Mo-O system were prepared using the solid state diffusion reaction method and characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry, electrical and magnetic properties. These results demonstrate the existence of a new phase in this system with KxMoO2-&#948; stoichiometry. Electrical resistance as a function of temperature measurements for this compound have shown anomalous metallic behavior which is related to an antiferromagnetic ordering. It has been also observed that the anomaly in the electrical resistance at low temperatures (T < TM) is fitted by power law temperature dependence with an exponent near 0.5 which suggests that the electrical behavior of the KxMoO2-&#948; can be well described by the one-dimensional conducting mechanism